原料成分对烧制水泥熟料固化重金属的影响研究

为研究原料成分对烧制水泥熟料固化重金属的影响,依据多家水泥厂生产经验选取了3种配方进行试验.按选定配方配制好生料,分别掺入0.5%,1.0%,2.0%的CuO试剂,煅烧至1 200,1 250,1 300,1 350,1 400,1 450℃,并利用化学分析和XRD等方法对熟料进行检测分析.结果表明:在1 200～1 450℃时,随CuO掺量的增大,熟料中f-CaO的含量减少,易烧性得到了很大改进;熟料主要矿物相C3S的形成温度有明显的降低.     

固溶异离子对高贝利特水泥性能的影响

通过XRD、NMR等分析，研究了BaSO4固溶于C2S中引起的晶体结构变化。分析表明，BaSO4的固溶使得C2S晶面间距加?B4螅闻湮还叵档玫礁谋洌褰峁贡涞檬杷伞aSO4在C2S中固溶时，Ba^ 2主要取代Ca^2 ，S6^ 主要取代Si^4 ，其极限固溶量以BaO和SO3计分别为6．2％和2．8％。BaSO4对高贝利特水泥熟料的煅烧起到促进作用，在T=1350℃时，高贝利特水泥熟料可以完全烧成，达到低温煅烧的目的。试验得出，通过变换BaSO4的掺量，BaSO4掺入对高贝利特水泥强度发展有很大促进作用，其掺入量(质量分数)在2％～3％时为最佳掺量，过高的BaSO4掺量使高贝利特水泥强度略有下降趋势。     

不同CO2浓度和施氮水平对麦田CO2净通量的影响

为研究不同CO₂浓度和施氮量对麦田CO₂净通量的影响,利用开顶式气室(OTC)组成的CO₂浓度自动调控平台模拟CO₂浓度升高环境.以冬小麦为试验材料,设置CK (对照,环境大气CO₂浓度)、C₁(CO₂浓度比CK增加120 μmol·mol^-1)和C₂(CO₂浓度比CK增加200 μmol·mol^-1)3个CO₂浓度水平;施氮量设置常规施氮量(N₁,25 g·m^-2)和低氮(N₂,15 g·m^-2)2个水平.采用静态箱-高精度气体分析仪观测麦田CO₂净通量.结果表明:各处理的麦田CO₂净通量变化特征一致,均呈先增大后减小的趋势,在拔节期和抽穗期达到峰值.N₁处理下,在整个生育期,CK、C₁和C₂处理的CO₂累积量分别为-105.8±12.6、-123.1±11.5和-120.2±4.1 kg·hm^-2.N₂处理下,在整个生育期,CK、C₁和C₂处理的CO₂累积量分别为-82.3±9.2、-95.4±7.6和-96.7±2.8 kg·hm^-2;拔节期C₂处理的CO₂累积量比CK显著增加了31.8%(P=0.024).C₁处理下,拔节期N₁处理的CO₂累积量显著高于N₂处理55.0%(P=0.009);C₂处理下,N₁处理的整个生育期CO₂累积量显著高于N₂处理23.6%(P=0.010).各处理CO₂净通量跟土壤湿度的相关关系均达到显著;N₁处理下,C₁和C₂处理的CO₂净通量跟光合有效辐射的相关关系达到显著,N₂处理下,CK和C₁处理的CO₂净通量跟光合有效辐射的相关关系达到显著;N₁处理下,C₁处理的CO₂净通量跟空气温度的相关关系达到显著,其余处理未达到显著.本研究表明:在小麦的拔节期和抽穗期,相比于CO₂浓度升高,施氮量对麦田CO₂净通量的影响更为显著;CO₂浓度升高与施氮量对麦田CO₂净通量的影响没有显著的交互作用.     

水环境中不同浓度TiO2纳米颗粒混凝工艺去除效果

为了探究水环境中不同质量浓度TiO₂ 纳米颗粒(NPs)混凝工艺去除影响因素及与浊度去除规律的区别,研究了在超声预处理后投加表面活性剂(LAS)对TiO₂ NPs分散稳定性的影响,通过烧杯实验分别考察了混凝剂(聚合氯化铝,PAC)投加量及pH对不同质量浓度TiO₂ NPs和浊度去除的影响,及pH对TiO₂ NPs表面Zeta电位的影响机制．结果表明,在250 W超声处理10 min后加入20 mg／L的LAS获得的纳米悬浮液稳定性最好;不同混凝剂投加量下,TiO₂ NPs和浊度的去除规律呈相近趋势,TiO₂ NPs初始质量浓度为0.5,1和2 mg／L时,PAC最优投加量为3 mg／L,对应TiO₂ NPs和浊度最大去除率分别为46.2％、60.2％、68.8％和23.2％、43.6％、47.6％．TiO₂ NPs初始质量浓度为5 mg／L时,PAC最优投量为4 mg／L,TiO₂ NPs和浊度最大去除率分别为77.64％和54.08％．pH对TiO₂ NPs表面Zeta电位有明显影响,进而影响TiO₂ NPs的去除效果．     

具有可见光响应的改性纳米TiO2研究进展

通过改性可以改变TiO₂只有在紫外光激发下才显示出较高光催化效率的特点,使其在可见光范围也显示出较高的活性。本文综述了纳米TiO₂改性方面的研究进展,指出通过元素掺杂、贵金属修饰、聚合物修饰、半导体复合、染料敏化等手段对TiO₂进行改性,可以减小纳米TiO₂禁带,提高纳米TiO₂对可见光的响应性和量子效率。分析认为,实验室制备的改性纳米TiO₂可见光光催化效果已经比较理想,解决回收难、工程易操作性等问题是未来的发展方向。     

纳米Al2O3改性环氧胶黏剂和钢铁附着机理的研究

通过拉拔法测定纳米Al₂O₃改性环氧胶黏剂和钢铁之间的附着强度,并结合环氧胶的表面能参数测定以及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析,对纳米Al₂O₃提高环氧胶和钢铁附着力的机理进行研究.表面能测定结果表明,添加纳米Al₂O₃使环氧胶的极性增加;XPS能谱分析结果表明,当纳米Al₂O₃质量分数达到2%时,环氧胶中形成新的羧基极性基团;进一步研究发现,当纳米Al₂O₃质量分数为1%时未形成新的羧基基团,当纳米Al₂O₃质量分数为8%时单位接触面积上新的羧基基团的数目较2%时少,这与附着强度的变化规律是一致的.因此,纳米Al₂O₃改性的环氧胶黏剂与钢铁的附着强度的增强是由于Al₂O₃与环氧胶的相互作用形成了新的羧基极性基团．     

稀土尾矿对水泥生料易烧性的影响

使用稀土尾矿部分取代黏土原料进行水泥熟料煅烧试验,其主要结论为:掺入稀土尾矿可使生料易烧性有明显改善,稀土尾矿掺量越高,对改善水泥生料易烧性效果越好.     

Cu2O/Cu2S 复合材料制备及可见光催化降解甲基橙的研究

通过水热法制备Cu₂O/Cu₂S 复合材料对甲基橙(MO) 进行光催化降解实验。在Cu₂O 中引入S 元素, 通过 改变Cu/S 投加摩尔比, 从而得到不同Cu/S 的复合材料。利用XRD、SEM、UV-vis、EIS 等手段对材料进行表征, 并 对MO 进行光催化降解实验。XRD 结果表明, 随着S 含量的增多, Cu₂S 的衍射强度逐渐上升, Cu₂O 的f111g 晶面 衍射强度逐渐降低。SEM 结果表明Cu₂S 能较好地包覆在Cu₂O 八面体的表面。通过UV-vis 和EIS 结果计算得知, 复合材料带隙为1.49 eV, 电荷转移电阻大幅降低。降解实验结果表明复合材料最佳Cu/S 投加摩尔比为15 : 1, 其在 100 min 时对MO (100 mL, 10 mg/L) 降解率达到91.4%, 明显高于纯Cu₂O 对于MO 的降解率(60.3%)。猝灭实验表 明了?OH 和 ?O₂ ^-在光催化过程中起到主要作用。     

稀土尾矿对水泥熟料性能的影响

试验选用云南楚雄州某地稀土尾矿,以稀土尾矿部分取代黏土原料进行水泥熟料煅烧试验。试验结果表明:掺入稀土尾矿及铅锌矿烧成熟料中的f-CaO含量明显减少,生料的易烧性提高;其3 d、7 d和28 d抗压强度均有不同程度的提高;水泥熟料中的C3S、C3A和C4AF含量有所增加,对水泥熟料的烧成起到促进作用,有利于水泥熟料矿物的形成,尤其是熟料中的C3S增加明显。     

石墨烯薄膜修饰TiO2纳米管光电极制备及性能

为提高TiO₂光催化剂的可见光催化活性,采用阳极氧化法制备了高度有序的TiO₂纳米管,利用阳极电化学沉积构筑了石墨烯薄膜修饰的TiO₂纳米管光电极,并利用扫描电子显微镜、X-射线光电子能谱及紫外-可见漫反射光谱对其表观形貌、组成结构及光吸收性能进行表征．结果表明:石墨烯有效地修饰在TiO₂纳米管表面,且以透明薄膜形式存在．此外,石墨烯薄膜修饰显著拓展了TiO₂纳米管的可见光响应范围．以甲基蓝为探针分子,考察了阳极沉积电压及沉积时间对所制备石墨烯薄膜／TiO₂纳米管光电极光催化性能的影响．结果表明:阳极沉积电压为+0.8 V、沉积时间为10 min时,制备的石墨烯薄膜／TiO₂纳米管光电极对甲基蓝的光催化降解效果最佳．模拟太阳光下光照120 min对甲基蓝的降解率为65.9％,是纯TiO₂纳米管光电极的1.35 倍．     

Effect of TiO2 on the formation of clinker with high C3S

Effect of TiO₂ content on the burnability of clinker with high C₃S were investigated by determination of free lime in final product, and the clinker phase formation, microstructural features of C₃S and the solubility of TiO₂ in C₃S were further studied by XRD, SEM/EDS analysis. TiO₂ accelerates the combination of free lime in the samples, free lime content decreases obviously with TiO₂ increasing up to 2% and almost remains above 2%. A new phase CaO·TiO₂ was found when TiO₂ was up to 3%, and samples with TiO₂ displayed well-formed uniform size hexagonal C₃S crystal. The limit of solubility of TiO₂ in C₃S at 1400 °C is about 1.7%.     

TiO2/ML-Ti3C2复合纳米材料的制备及其光催化性能

通过水热技术在二维(2D)多层材料Ti_3C_2 (multi-layer Ti_3C_2, ML-Ti_3C_2)的表面及层间原位晶化和生长锐钛矿相TiO_2纳米球,制备出TiO_2/ML-Ti_3C_2复合纳米材料。采用XRD、SEM、氮吸附等表征技术对TiO_2/ML-Ti_3C_2纳米复合材料进行分析表征,并以亚甲基蓝(MB)为模拟污染物,对纯TiO_2和TiO_2/ML-Ti_3C_2复合纳米材料的光催化性能进行了评价。实验结果表明,两种材料的耦合抑制了Ti O_2中光生电子-空穴对的湮灭,延长了复合光催化剂中载流子寿命,拓宽了复合材料的光谱响应范围。在紫外光照射下,以TiO_2/ML-Ti_3C_2复合纳米材料为光催化剂,200 mg/L的MB溶液在20 min内几乎完全脱色,降解率为98.98%。TiO_2/ML-Ti_3C_2纳米复合材料的光催化性能优于纯TiO_2和Ti_3C_2, Ti_3C_2优异的电子传输能力和超强的吸附性能优化了TiO_2的光催化性能。本研究为使用光催化技术处理废水提供了一种新的思路,具有一定的实际应用前景。     

Effect of TiO2 addition on zirconia-mullite composites fabricated by in-situ controlled crystallization of Si-Al-Zr-O amorphous bulk

Zirconia-mullite composite ceramics were fabricated by in-situ controlled crystallization of Si-Al-Zr-O amorphous bulk.The effects of TiO2 addition on the fabrication of zirconia-mullite composites were investigated.The ultra-fine zirconia-mullite composite ceramics were prepared from the amorphous bulk treated at 980 °C for nucleation and 1 140 °C for crystallization.The phase transformation of the ceramics was examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD).The micros...     

Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic behavior of WO3-TiO2/Nb2O5 catalysts

TiO2/Nb2O5 photocatalyst loaded with WO3 (WO3-TiO2/Nb2O5) was prepared by a modified hydrolysis process, and characterized by X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectra and UV-Vis diffuse refraction spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of WO3-TiO2/Nb2O5 was investigated by employing splitting of water for O2 evolution. The results indicate that WO3 loading can pronouncedly improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2/Nb2O5 by using Fe3 as an electron acceptor under UV irradiation. The optimum molar fraction of the loaded WO3 is 2%, and the largest speed of O2 evolution for 2% WO3-TiO2/Nb2O5 catalyst is 151.8 μmol/(L·h).     

Photocatalytic activity of bauxite-tailings supported nano-TiO2

TiO₂/bauxite-tailings (TiO₂/BTs) composites were prepared via a chemical liquid deposition method and characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and N₂ adsorption analysis. The photocatalytic performance of TiO₂/BTs composites was evaluated with UV-Vis spectrophotometer following the changes of phenol concentration under different illumination time. Effects of the calcination temperature, the pH and the cycles on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂/BTs composites were investigated. The composites calcined at 500 and 600 °C exhibit the best photocatalytic performance, and the phenol degradation ratios reacting for 40 and 160 min reach 35% and 78% respectively under the same conditions, higher than those of 29% and 76% of the Degussa P25(TiO₂). The ability of TiO₂/BTs₅₀₀ (BTs₅₀₀ represents bauxite-tailings calcined at 500 °C) composites to degrade phenol increases with decreasing pH.     

Influence of nucleating agent on the formation of C4A3S

The reference test methods are carried out parallelly, by means of chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy and polarized optical microscope to study the formation of C4A3S in the presence and absence of nucleating agent. The results show that nucleating agent with high calcium and low heat consumption as tricalcium silicate (C3S) promotes the formation of C4A3S and increases desulfurization degree obviously. During calcining raw meals doped with C3S, the grain sizes of C4A3S are larger compared with that without C3S. And at the same calcining level, the mass loss and the heat consumption belonged to CaCO3 decomposition is reduced.     

Effect of CuO on the burnability and mineral formation of high C3S cement clinker

The effect of CuO on the clinkering process and mineral structure, components and morphology of high C3S cement clinker was studied. One reference mixture was prepared according to the potential mineral phase components C3S=75%, C3A=7%, C4AF=18% and then was mixed, respectively, with 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 4% CuO. All samples were heated at a rate of 10°C/min to the design temperatures and then maintained for 40 min. Analyses by the glycerol-ethanol method, XRD and SEM-EDS show that the minimum of free lime (f-CaO) content was related to temperature and CuO amount. The higher the temperature, the lower the amount of CuO corresponding to the f-CaO minimum content. CuO promotes the formation and growth of C3S and C4AF and a new compound is found. In addition, these phenomena are discussed theoretically. In conclusion, CuO alters the burnability and the formation and structure of C3S in a high C3S cement system.     

Composition Design for High C3S Cement Clinker and Its Mineral Formation

A new composition of Portland cement clinker was studied, in which KH, SM and IM was 0.98,2.4 and 2.4 respectively as well as its meal added 1%CuO （in mass）. Fired at 1 200℃,1 350℃,1 400℃ and 1 450℃ for 30 min, the resultant mineral phases component and mineral morphology were analyzed. The performances of the cement which was made of clinker burned at 1 450℃ and fly ash were determined. By means of QXRD, XRD and optical microscopy, it is shown that the clinker burnt at 1 450℃ has the larger size crystals and distinct crystal interface, in which the C3S content is 73.37% and the mineral phases is dominantly C3S, following by minor C2S, C3A and tetracalcium aluminoferrite. The results reveal that a new type of high C3S content clinker can completely be made by traditional temperature-time schedule. The performances of the cement produced from this clinker with addtion of 50% fly ash and 5% gupsum were in agreement with the 32.5 strength grade of Portland fly-ash cement. The results also show that the clinker has a significant effect of saving energy and utilizing waste slag.     

Morphology and conductivity of in-situ PEO-LiClO4-TiO2 composite polymer electrolyte

PEO-LiClO4-TiO2 composite polymer electrolyte films were prepared. TiO2 was formed directly in matrix by hydrolysis and condensation reaction of tetrabutyl titanate. The crystallinity, morphology and ionic conductivity of composite polymer electrolyte films were examined by differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, atom force microscopy and alternating current impedance spectroscopy, respectively. The glass transition temperature and the crystallinity of composite polymer electrolytes are decreased compared with those of PEO-LiClO4 polymer electrolyte film. The results show that TiO2 particles are uniformly dispersed in PEO-LiClO4-5%TiO2 composite polymer electrolyte film. The maximal conductivity of 5.5×10^-5 S/cm at 20℃ of PEO-LiClO4-TiO2 film is obtained at 5% mass fraction of TiO2.