以麦秆为原料制取合成氨原料气的实验研究

以麦秆为原料，采用固定床反应器，在温度700－1000℃条件下，进行空气、蒸汽的气化实验，探讨不同温度、不同空气及蒸汽流量条件下麦秆气化转化为合成氨原料气的可能性。结果表明：在不同的操作温度下，气经气中氢含量在40％－50％，产气量为每克麦秆150－960mL。     

木质原料催化气化的研究

本文论述了以松木屑为原料，添加适当的催化剂，分别用空气和水蒸气作为气化介质，在微分反应器中进行催化气化的研究。试验分别研究了Ｋ_２ＣＯ_３、Ｎａ_２ＣＯ_３、ＮａＯＨ、ＫＯＨ、ＣａＯ、ＺｎＯ、Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３、稀土氯化物和稀土氧化物及３种不同物质的混合物等１４种催化剂，在不同的反应温度和催化剂载量的条件下，用空气或水蒸气进行气化反应，对反应气体产物的组成和反应动力学的影响。试验结果表明：对空气气化反应而言，ＣａＯ是一种既经济又有效的催化剂。而水蒸气气化反应，混合型催化剂具有良好的催化性能，其次为Ｋ_２ＣＯ_３和ＮａＣＯ_３。     

增氧间歇式气化制合成氨原料气

间歇式气化制合成氨原料气工艺,以空气和蒸汽作为气化剂,在同定床层造气炉内进行固相燃烧与气化、气相燃烧与反应等,是一种放热和吸热循环平衡的过程。其质和量受到入炉空气中氧含量的限制,不容易发挥生产装置的效率,能耗高,产气量低,污染严重。针对间歇式气化存在的问题,我公司开发了专利技术“增氧间歇式气化制合成氨原料气”。     

循环流化床法制合成氨原料气技术

日前,云南省石油化学工业厅技术委员会在沾益化肥厂举行了循环流化床气化装置法制造合成氨原料气技术交流会。循环流化床气化法是德国鲁奇公司研究开发的气化技术。该技术可使用多种固体燃料（煤、焦炭、垃圾等）生产燃料气、城市煤气和合成气。目前循环流化床气化技术在国内还没有应用在合成氨的煤制气方面。该项技术的实施将为国内以土焦为原料的氮肥企业对原料路线的改造创出新的路子循环流化床法制合成氨原料气技术     

木质原料催化气化的研究

本文论述了以松木屑为原料，添加适当的催化剂，分别用空气和水蒸气作为气化介质。     

合成氨原料气增湿系统湿含量计算

根据合成氨原料气增湿系统的特点,推导出原料气湿含量的计算公式,并计算了不同负荷、温度和压力下相应的原料气湿含量,探讨了增湿系统的操作问题。     

合成氨原料气精制工艺

本发明涉及一种合成氨原料气精制工艺,特别适用于以煤为原料,采用空气、蒸汽造气的中小型氮肥广原料气的精制。原料气经变换、脱碳以后,在5.0～15MPa条件     

常压、空气粉煤熔渣床气化法制取合成氨原料气

<正> 在浙江省安吉化肥厂建立的常压、空气粉煤熔渣床双筒气化炉(简称双筒炉)工业性试验装置是Rummll—Otto炉发展的一种形式,其主要特点是:可以不用氧气,而用空气、蒸汽作为气化剂、以液态熔渣为热载体,在常压、高温的条件下,强化煤气化过程、实现粉状烟煤、褐煤连续气化、制取合成氨原料气。我国熔渣床试验,早在六十年代由第一机械工业部第一设计院、北京锅炉厂、煤炭     

合成氨原料气双甲精制新工艺与深度低甲烷化的比较

介绍了合成氨原料气双甲精制新工艺的开发状况,设计了方案和使用效果,并将它与铜氨液洗涤法、深度低变－甲烷化法、中变串然 钼耐流触媒低变－甲烷化法等原料气化精制 技术经济比较。     

合成氨用气化型煤

合成氨在化肥工业中具有相当重要地位，因为以合成氨为基础，可生产多种肥料，如氨铵、碳铵、硫铵、硝铵、磷酸氢铵和尿素等。氢气与氮气按一定比例混合后，经合成工序可生产合成氨，氢气与氮气可由半水煤气来提供。半水煤气亦称为合成氨的原料气，可以用煤炭、焦炭或重油经过气化过程而产生。我国煤炭资源十分丰富，以煤炭经过气化来制取合成氨原料气是一条传统的重要途径。我国现有数百家中小合成氨生产厂，绝大部分用块煤气化生产合成氨原料气。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。