直岛冶炼厂三菱炼铜法中磁性氧化铁行为的控制

研究了三菱连续铜熔炼和吹炼工艺中所产生炉渣的微观组织与相图,以防止磁性氧化铁引发的一系列问题,诸如炉膛与流槽上的炉结积聚,熔体出口堵塞,渣粘度上升等等。根据这些研究结果,通过调整熔炼炉的硅酸盐渣中的二氧化硅和氧化钙含量以及吹炼炉的铁钙渣中的氧化钙含量,以达到降低、稳定弃渣含铜量,减少熔体出口及流槽的清理之目的。然而,这些改动有可能降低希望的炉结保护层厚度,从而缩短炉寿命。因此,开发了一种估测熔体内磁性氧化铁含量的方法,并将炉渣成分与温度控制在适当范围内,从而延长炉寿命,避免磁性氧化铁引发的问题。     

渣内铜存在形态的研究

以闪速炉炼铜厂炉渣和模拟贫化电炉渣为对象,用物相分析和电子探针分析等方法,考察了渣中铜的存在形态与含量。得出:渣中铜主要是以硫化物形态机械夹杂存在;添加氧化钙可以减少渣中磁性铁含量,进而降低渣中以氧化物形态损失的铜。     

三菱法连续吹炼冶金学

三菱工艺的吹炼炉（C炉）提供了从熔融冰铜中连续产出粗铜的机会。连续吹炼的基础是控制CaO-FeO_x-Cu_2O系铁酸钙炉渣中磁性氧化铁行为的可靠技术。C炉作业控制的最新进展包括反映次生氧化物对磁性氧化铁行为影响的炉渣控制。尽管以前的研究集中于磁性氧化铁的行为,但是,硫对C炉的操作也有影响,因为硫对于避免硫酸钙从铁酸钙炉渣中沉淀出来以及冰铜与粗铜的分离有实际的重要影响。本文定量描述了硫酸钙的形成以及冰铜分离时硫在C炉中的行为,并且讨论了C炉操作的更佳控制。     

三菱法连续吹炼冶金学

三菱工艺的吹炼炉(C炉)提供了从熔融冰铜中连续产出粗铜的机会.连续吹炼的基础是控制CaO-FeOx-Cu2O系铁酸钙炉渣中磁性氧化铁行为的可靠技术.C炉作业控制的最新进展包括反映次生氧化物对磁性氧化铁行为影响的炉渣控制.尽管以前的研究集中于磁性氧化铁的行为,但是,硫对C炉的操作也有影响,因为硫对于避免硫酸钙从铁酸钙炉渣中沉淀出来以及冰铜与粗铜的分离有实际的重要影响.本文定量描述了硫酸钙的形成以及冰铜分离时硫在C炉中的行为,并且讨论了C炉操作的更佳控制.     

闪速炉沉淀池中的冶金过程与炉况控制

在高强度熔炼的工业闪速炉生产条件下,从反应塔出口和沉淀池的不同位置提取悬浮粒子、炉渣和铜锍熔体试样,进行各种化学成分检测和仪器分析,研究了沉淀池中的冶金过程及特点、炉渣和铜锍的形成过程、炉渣含Fe3O4和渣含铜降低的过程等,提出了强化沉淀池中冶金过程、改善闪速炉炉况控制、优化闪速炉设计的有效途径;通过对渣含铜物相形态及渣含铜变化的研究,分析并探讨了降低渣含铜的有效方法。     

闪速吹炼的生产实践

简要介绍了闪速吹炼的基本反应原理和炉体结构特点,阐明了闪速吹炼的渣型选择、炉渣结构、炉渣特性及铁酸钙渣对炉衬和炉体安全的影响,分析了入炉原料尤其是铜锍粉的成分与要求,强调了炉体安全是闪速吹炼炉生产控制中的重点。     

降低电炉渣含铜量的生产实践

结合贵溪冶炼厂的生产实践，分析了引起电炉渣含铜高的原因，提出了降低电炉渣含铜的有效途径和方法，指出了维护好闪速炉炉况和抑制渣中磁性Fe3O4过量生成是实现降低电炉渣含铜的关键。     

转炉双渣留渣工艺实践

介绍了唐钢热轧部转炉双渣留渣的生产实践情况,讨论了脱磷阶段吹炼氧压、一倒温度、炉渣碱度、炉渣氧化铁含量以及倒渣时机对脱磷率的影响规律。研究表明,通过对倒渣时的炉渣物性进行控制,实现了降低辅料和钢铁料消耗的目的。     

云南冶炼厂炼铜转炉渣浮选研究

云南冶炼厂采用铜的火法冶炼,即将各矿山送来的浮选铜精矿在电炉中熔炼成冰铜,然后用转炉制取粗铜。所产出的转炉渣含铜1～3%,它不能作冶金废渣,而是返回电炉熔炼的物料。由于转炉渣中含铁高达50%左右,其中30%以上是磁性氧化铁,引起铜在电炉渣中的含量增高0.05%左右,并使电炉生产力降低25%。转炉渣的单独处理很早就为国内外的     

降低电炉炉结厚度及渣含铜的方法探究

电炉炼铜生产过程中,适当的炉结厚度可以对炉体形成保护层,但过厚的炉结会大幅降低炉内的有效容积率、增加炉渣中铜含量,炉结厚和渣中含铜高是电炉炼铜生产的两大技术难题,也是解决电炉产能增长的最终途径。本文对炉结的成分及性质进行了分析,认为渣中Fe_3O_4的含量是决定炉结厚度的关键,渣中Fe_3O_4的含量高不但增加铜在渣中的机械夹带,而且会加剧铜在渣中的化学溶解损失。通过对Fe_3O_4还原分解的热力学和动力学条件进行分析,本文给出了有效降低渣中Fe_3O_4含量的措施:采用通过小油枪将柴油、白砂和N_2同时喷入炉底的方案;在油气体积比为1∶17～1∶20条件下,还原渣中Fe_3O_4时,油枪的最佳插入深度为0.2～0.3 m,降低渣含铜时,油枪插入渣层厚度的1/2～3/5,处理炉结时,油枪插至炉底再上提50～100 mm;合理控制入炉原料配比,按比例加入熔渣量1.6‰的Na_2CO_3。实施该方案后,电炉炉结厚度降至平均452 mm,电炉渣含铜降至月平均0.498%,产生了较好的经济效益。     

钙铁橄榄石渣系在铜锍顶吹吹炼工艺的应用

侯马冶炼厂使用铜锍顶吹吹炼工艺生产粗铜,生产初期采用常规的铁橄榄石渣系,在实际生产中因为铁橄榄石炉渣在高氧势条件下磁铁含量高,易导致炉渣泡沫化,甚至造成严重的安全生产隐患。为了有效控制炉渣泡沫化,在顶吹吹炼炉试验了钙铁橄榄石渣系,试验证明,钙铁橄榄石渣系对固态磁铁的析出能够起到很好的控制作用。     

反射炉炼铜渣综合利用技术研究

在铜熔炼反射炉渣中铜铁赋存状态分析基础上,采用火法贫化和磁选技术对炉渣进行综合利用探索。此反射炉渣含1.06%Cu和36.41%Fe,其中32.5%的Fe以Fe3O4形式存在,53.5%的Fe以2FeO.S iO2形式存在,铜、铁、硅矿物紧密共生,相互交织。研究结果表明,转炉渣返回贫化作业会导致反射炉渣含铜较高,添加一定量黄铁矿精矿,采用火法贫化工艺能有效降低渣含铜。将贫化后铜渣脱硅缓冷、磁选,所得铁精矿品位62%,回收率达70.2%,实现了反射炉熔炼渣的综合利用,可用作炼铁原料。     

Thermodynamic study of evolution of sinter phases at different alumina level

Though sintering is controlled by kinetics of various reactions and is far from equilibrium, a thermodynamic analysis can provide useful inputs on melt formation and helps understand deviation from actual process conditions. The thermodynamic software ‘FACTSAGE?’ was used for this study. The general sequence of reactions during the heating cycle is as follows: decomposition of calcium carbonate to calcined lime; formation of calcium ferrites/silicates; decomposition of calcium ferrites, reduction of haematite to magnetite and formation of spinel and silicates; assimilation of ferrites, silicates, spinel and magnetite into the melt. During the cooling stage, the amount of melt decreased with subsequent precipitation of phases such as magnetite, ferrites, silicates, spinel and formation of haematite. It is very much clear that the sinter made by using higher alumina levels generate fewer amounts of oxides and more slag phase compared to its low alumina counterpart.     

贵冶电炉渣的缓冷特性和结晶研究

通过对电炉渣结晶的研究,了解了电炉渣的矿物组成和主要金属矿物的嵌布特征,为回收电炉渣中的含铜矿物提供了理论根据;探索性研究了磁铁矿晶体的生长规律,为有效回收电炉渣中的磁铁矿指引了方向;简述了渣包缓冷工艺及其影响因素,为制定科学的渣包缓冷制度提供了依据;探讨了如何提高电炉渣中磁铁矿含量的方法。     

Simulation of the mass and heat transfer in a three-electrode round impoverishment furnace

A thermophysical model is developed for a three-electrode round impoverishment furnace operating with electrodes immersed in a slag melt in order to predict the operation of the impoverishment furnaces located at the Nadezhdinsk metallurgical works of the Noril’sk Nikel integrated works and to optimize their energy-technical conditions. This model provides reliable information on the temperature field in the slag bath of a furnace depending on the furnace operating schedule, the velocity and character of motion of a slag melt, the heat release in different regions of the slag melt, and (hence) the heat load applied to furnace elements. The results of calculation by this model were used to make recommendations for improving the designs of the furnaces operating at the Noril’sk Nikel integrated works and for changing their operating conditions.     

Control of open slag bath furnaces at Highveld Steel and Vanadium Ltd: development of operator guidance tables

Abstract

Several electric furnaces, which are used to melt down partially prereduced vanadiferous magnetite at Highveld Steel and Vanadium, have recently been converted from submerged arc furnaces (SAFs) to open slag bath furnaces (OSBFs). The self-regulating nature of SAFs is largely absent from the OSBFs, and hence the OSBFs rely more strongly on process control. As a first step towards implementing a process control system, a mass and energy balance was drawn up for the OSBFs, and this was used to develop operator guidance tables. The tables show the required changes in feed rate and power, to accommodate changes in prereduction, and to correct overcharged and undercharged furnace conditions. Implementation of the tables has contributed to improved process stability.     

Effect of Iron Phase Evolution on Copper Separation from Slag <Emphasis Type="Italic">Via</Emphasis> Coal-Based Reduction

Copper slag, a by-product of copper pyrometallurgy, inevitably contains a certain amount of copper. Oxygen-enriched smelting technologies increase the copper content in slag indirectly because of the production of higher-grade matte. The effect of iron phase evolution on the copper content in slag during the slag cleaning process in an electric furnace was investigated using the method of combining theory with experiments. Based on the analysis, the main factors that impede the separation of slag and copper/matte were determined. Subsequently, the properties of slag were analyzed after decreasing the magnetite content within the slag. The experimental results showed that decreases in magnetite content were beneficial for the separation of copper and slag because of the decrease of slag viscosity. Nevertheless, Cu-Fe alloys formed when magnetite was completely reduced to metallic iron, and the foaming slag was formed at 1250 °C. Furthermore, the distribution of copper in the reduced slags was studied in detail.     

钢包铸余渣的热循环利用

介绍了武钢CSP钢包铸余渣的热态循环回收利用工艺,该工艺在LF炉对连铸钢包液态铸余渣进行了热态在线循环利用,深入分析了铸余渣循环利用过程中LF炉精炼终渣变化及其对钢水质量的影响。结果表明:通过热态渣的在线循环,LF炉造渣料及脱氧剂消耗大幅降低,其中石灰降低1.01kg/t,精炼渣降低0.21kg/t,脱氧剂铝合金降低0.20kg/t,电耗降低3.66kWh/t,回收了浇铸残余钢水,金属料消耗降低3.0kg/t。     

钛硅铁合金生产中金属元素与渣氧化物的反应和平衡

描述了在钛硅铁合金生产中Ｓｉ－Ｔｉ－Ｆｅ合金系和ＴｉＯ２－ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３渣系间的反应以及金属元素和渣系氧化物的化学平衡。攀钢高炉渣，硅铁和石灰按一定比例混合均匀，加入直流电炉中，在熔态条件下发生反应，得到钛硅铁合金和还原低钛渣。试验表明，在反应开始后４０ｍｉｎ反应可达到平衡；加入石磁可以提高渣的碱度；合金中高硅含量有利于钛回收率的提高。