芳香族聚酯纤维弯曲回弹性能研究

研究了PTT ,PET和PBT纤维的弯曲回弹性能及回复机理。结果表明 :在形变时间 2 0min条件下 ,PBT纤维的弯曲回弹率最高 ,PTT纤维次之 ,PET纤维最低 ,且均随回复时间的延长而提高。弯曲回弹率与其断裂比功之间均存在明显的相关性 ,随着纤维中亚甲基数的增加 ,断裂比功降低 ,弯曲回弹率提高。纤维弯曲回弹性能与其聚集态结构中的结晶和取向结构 ,以及结晶结构中大分子链的构象有关     

PTT/PBT共混纤维的性能研究

利用聚对苯二甲酸-1,3-丙二酯(PTT)和聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)良好的相容性,开发了PTT/ PBT共混纤维。通过对共混纤维的力学、回弹及染色等性能测试发现,PTT组分的存在明显改善了共混纤维的拉伸性能,而共混纤维的强度相对纯组分纤维略差;当PTT质量分数达到50%后,共混纤维的回弹性优于纯PBT纤维,且在相同拉伸倍数下,PTT的存在降低了共混纤维的沸水收缩率;共混纤维在常压下用分散蓝染色的上染率比纯组分纤维高,当PTT/PBT质量比为50/50时,上染率最高。     

PTT长丝瞬时拉伸回弹性能研究

在相同条件下对比研究了PET ,PTT和PBT 3种芳香族聚酯长丝的瞬时拉伸回弹性能 ,分析了测定条件对PTT长丝瞬时拉伸回弹性能的影响 ,并初步讨论了 3种芳香族聚酯长丝的瞬时拉伸回弹机理。结果表明 ,PTT长丝的瞬时拉伸回弹性能明显优于PBT长丝 ,更优于PET长丝 ,PTT长丝在低伸长率和高伸长率下均具有优异的瞬时拉伸回弹性能 ;测定PTT长丝瞬时拉伸回弹率时 ,建议采用 0 .5cN/tex的预张力 ,5 0 0mm/min的拉伸速率和 2 0 %的定伸长率等条件     

PTT/PBT共混体系及可纺性探究

研究了PTT/PBT共混体系的相容性和结晶性能,并对体系的可纺性作了初步探究。结果表明:PTT/PBT共混体系在无定形区具有较好的相容性,但在晶区是晶相分离的。在冷结晶过程中,当PBT含量超过20%时,将促进体系的结晶性能;而在熔融结晶过程中,第二组分的加入抑制了体系的结晶性能,当配比为50/50时,结晶速率相对最低。另外,PTT/PBT共混体系表现出了良好的可纺性,共混纤维的断裂伸长率随着拉伸倍数和体系中PBT含量的增大而减小,强度增大,但稍差于纯组分纤维;当PTT含量达到50%后,共混纤维表现出了明显优于纯PBT纤维的回弹性,而当PTT含量达到70%时,共混纤维的回弹性能已接近纯PTT纤维。     

染色对PTT纤维聚集态结构的影响

研究了染色温度和时间对PTT纤维上染率和聚集态结构的影响。结果表明,随染色温度升高,PTT纤维的上染率提高,最佳染色温度为110℃;在110℃时,染料分子容易进入纤维的非晶区,染色开始时纤维的上染率明显升高,染色时间对纤维上染率的影响不大;在90℃时,染色前期PTT纤维的上染率较低,随着染色时间的延长,纤维的结晶度和晶区取向降低,上染率明显升高;在130℃时,纤维的冷结晶过程容易发生,大分子链排列紧密,纤维的上染率降低。     

PBT／PET共聚酯纤维的结构性能

本文测定了三种组成的PBT/PET共聚酯纤维Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的各项力学性能,动态力学损耗和染色性能,讨论了纤维性能与微观结构之间的关系。结果表明:拉伸倍数与纤维强度、初始模量(E_J)、声速取向度(f_s)、双折射(△n)、回弹性成正比,与延伸度、沸水收缩率成反比;但纤维Ⅲ的E_1、△n、沸水收缩率正相反。随着拉伸倍数的增大,纤维Ⅱ的损耗峰降低,并移向高温。热处理对三种纤维强度的影响各不相同,但总使延伸度增大。纤维Ⅱ的染色性能和回弹性能优异,价格低廉,是一种极有前途的服用新纤维。     

并列型PTT/PET复合纤维的卷缩特性及力学性能的研究

研究了不同线密度PTT/PET复合纤维经过热湿处理前后的形态结构,卷缩特性,卷曲回弹性和拉伸性能变化。结果显示:经过热水热处理后,纤维的卷曲半径明显减小,半径收缩率增大;温度越高,纤维卷曲半径越小,半径收缩率越大。纤维的卷曲收缩率和卷曲模量随着线密度的增加而减小,卷曲稳定度随线密度增加有最大值。纤维的弹性恢复率随线密度的增大而增大,纤维的紧缩伸长率在167 dtex附近有最大值。复合纤维的初始模量随线密度的增加而减小,热处理后的初始模量变小;断裂伸长率随线密度的增加而增大,经热处理后数值增大;断裂强度在热处理前后与线密度关系不大,热处理后断裂强度略有减小。     

纺丝工艺对PET/PTT复合纤维性能的影响

将不同黏度的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)与聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)按质量比40∶60进行混合,通过熔融复合纺丝、拉伸制得PET/PTT复合纤维,研究了纺丝工艺对纤维力学性能以及卷曲弹性的影响。结果表明:随着PET与PTT的特性黏数差由0.12 d L/g增加至0.54 d L/g,PET/PTT复合纤维的断裂强度和初始模量下降,断裂伸长率增加;随着拉伸比由2.5增加至4.5以及拉伸辊温度由120℃升高至150℃,PET/PTT复合纤维的断裂强度增加,断裂伸长率降低,卷曲性能增加,弹性增大。     

拉伸对异形聚丙烯腈原丝截面形状的影响

研究了湿法和于湿法纺制异形聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维过程中拉伸对纤维截面形状的影响。结果表明:喷丝头拉伸对湿法纺制的PAN初生纤维截面影响明显,随着喷丝头拉伸倍数的增大,纤维异形度逐渐增大;喷丝头拉伸对于湿法纺制的纤维截面形状和异形度影响较小;沸水拉伸对二者的纤维截面形状和异形度几乎无影响。     

PET-PBT共聚酯纤维的性能研究

对 PET-PBT共聚酯纤维的性能进行了研究。结果表明 ,PET-PBT纤维的 1次和 10次拉伸回复率均高于 PET纤维 ,经 5 % 1次拉伸后回复率达 10 0 % ,与 PBT相当。 PET-PBT纤维的 180°弯曲回弹性能高于 PET,PBT纤维 ,和 PA6纤维相当。PET-PBT纤维的染色性能远高于 PET纤维 ,且随 PBT含量的增加而增大 ,PBT组分含量达 2 5 %时 ,共聚酯纤维的上染率高达 91.5     

PET/PTT并列复合纤维制备工艺对其结构与性能的影响

以PET和PTT为原料通过熔融纺丝制备了具有自卷曲性能的并列复合纤维,研究了复合纤维制备工艺,探索并明确了两组分配比、牵伸倍率、热定形温度等参数对纤维断面形貌、力学性能、卷曲回弹性能的影响。试验结果表明:随着复合纤维中PTT组分从40%逐渐增加至60%,纤维断面保持8字形,且两相界面的熔接痕始终保持PTT相凸向PET相的形貌,同时纤维的弹性模量逐渐降低;牵伸倍率的增大能够显著提升纤维的强度、模量以及卷曲收缩率,但纤维的断裂伸长率及卷曲稳定度变差;在144~168℃范围内,热定形温度为156℃时,纤维的弹性模量、强度及卷曲收缩率较高,这主要是结晶度提高导致的。     

处理温度对PTT长丝回弹性能的影响

在15%定伸长,拉伸速度10 mm/min的条件下分析了处理温度对PTT/DTY长丝回弹性能的影响。结果表明,在后处理温度50-70℃,急弹性变形回复率呈下降趋势,而后随温度增加而上升,缓弹性变形回复率随温度增加而上升,总弹性回复率呈整体下降趋势。     

纺丝温度对PET/PTT纤维结构与性能的影响

采用质量比为50/50的PET/PTT进行复合纺丝,纺丝速度2 300 m/min,经拉伸1.56倍,生产166dtex/72 f PET/PTT复合纤维,探讨了纺丝温度对PET/PTT复合纤维结构与性能的影响。结果表明:纺丝温度低时,PET/PTT纤维特性黏数高,纤维截面趋向于花生形;纺丝温度高时,纤维特性黏数低,纤维截面呈圆形;选择纺丝温度约275℃时,PET/PTT复合纤维具有良好的力学性能和卷曲性能,卷曲收缩率达39.6%。     

Structure–properties relations of the drawn poly(ethylene terephthalate) filament sewing thread

This article presents research into draw ratio influence on the structure–properties relationship of drawn PET filament threads. Structural modification influence due to the drawing conditions, i.e., the birefringence and filament crystallinity, on the mechanical properties was investigated, as well as the shrinkage and dynamic mechanical properties of the drawn threads. Increasing draw ratio causes a linear increase in the birefringence, degree of crystallinity, filament shrinkage, and a decrease in the loss modulus. In addition, loss tangent and glass transition temperature, determined at the loss modulus peak, were increased by drawing. The observed structural changes influence the thread's mechanical properties, i.e., the breaking tenacity, elasticity modulus, and tension at the yield point increase, while breaking extension decreases by a higher draw ratio. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

PET/PTT复合纤维卷缩性能的研究

通过对不同线密度的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PET/PTT)复合纤维的热收缩率、卷曲收缩率、卷曲模量及卷曲稳定度的测试,研究了干热和沸水处理条件下的PET/PTT复合纤维的卷缩性能。结果表明:干热处理时,PET/PTT复合纤维的热收缩率随温度的升高而升高,随线密度的提高而减小;与干热处理比较,沸水加压处理后的纤维具有较好的热收缩率和卷曲性能。PET/PTT复合纤维线密度越低,其卷曲收缩能力越强,线密度为172 dtex时,纤维表现出较好的卷曲收缩率和卷曲稳定性。     

Structure–property evolution of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(trimethylene terephthalate) side-by-side self-crimp filament

To investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of self-crimping two-component side-by-side bicomponent filament, this paper focuses on systematically investigating the structure–property evolution of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) side-by-side bicomponent filament prepared via melt spinning with various component ratios, drawing and heating treatment. The investigation was operated upon the combination of morphology analysis, thermal analysis, crystallization, and orientation analysis. The variation of cross section and curl-morphology, crystallization, and microstructures mainly containing lamellar and microfibrillar crystals as well as their effects on the mechanical and self-crimping properties were discussed. As the draft ratio (DR) increases, the crystallinity, sonic orientation factor, tensile strength, and crimp-recovery rate of the filaments were increased. The sonic orientation factor in the crystalline region decreases from 0.923 to 0.777 but increases from 0.677 to 0.903 in the amorphous region. In contrast to the variation of the DR, heating temperature has a limited effect on the tensile strength of the PET/PTT hybrid filaments. Crimp-recovery rate, however, first increases to 11.8 and then decreases to 9.8 with an increasing heating temperature from 144 to 168°C. Most of these behaviors have been attributed to changes in the ratio of contractile stress for both PTT and PET components, originating from microstructural evolution in hybrid filaments, including crystal growth, breakage, deflection, and deformation of chains along the axial direction. As a summary, an interpretive diagrammatic sketch has been proposed to clarify the structure–property relationships of the commercial PET/PTT filaments.     

有色阻燃异径聚酯FDY热收缩率的探讨

以阻燃聚酯切片与高色牢度色母粒为原料,制备了有色阻燃异径聚酯全拉伸丝(FDY),重点探讨了工艺条件对其热收缩性能的影响。结果表明:在试验范围内,有色阻燃异径聚酯FDY的热收缩率较有色普通异径聚酯FDY的高;拉伸温度对有色阻燃异径聚酯FDY热收缩率的影响很小,而定形温度与纺丝速度对其影响较大,且有色阻燃异径聚酯FDY的热收缩率随定形温度的升高而下降,随纺丝速度的降低而降低。     

PTT短纤维力学性能的研究

研究了PTT短纤维的力学性能。结果表明PTT短纤维具有优良的弹性和柔软度,其断裂伸长和弹性回复性比PET纤维高得多,一次拉伸回复和10次反复拉伸的总弹性回复率均高于PET纤维。相同定伸长应力松弛时,PTT的内应力小于PET纤维,且随着时间延长几乎没有什么大的变化,松弛时间远远大于PET纤维,表现出较好的弹性。     

Modelling the properties of one‐step pigment‐dyed and finished polyester/cotton fabrics using response surface methodology

Dyeing of polyester/cotton blended fabrics with two different classes of dyes for polyester and cotton is a lengthy and expensive procedure owing to different fibre contents that need different auxiliaries, pH, and temperature conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate and model the properties of a combined pigment dyeing and hand‐building finishing system for polyester/cotton blended fabrics. The one‐step process was investigated using response surface methodology, taking concentrations of pigment, softener, and hand‐building finish as experimental variables. It was found that increase in hand‐building finish helps to improve colour fastness at higher pigment concentrations but results in deterioration in fabric tear strength. However, the decrease in tear strength can be minimised by increasing the softener concentration. For a 15 g l^?1 pigment concentration, optimum fabric tear strength, crease recovery angle, bending length, and dry and wet rubbing fastness properties were obtained using 60 g l^?1 of softener and 65 g l^?1 of hand‐building finish. The prediction equations developed in this study can be used to determine the required amounts of softener and hand‐building finish to achieve commercially acceptable results at different pigment concentrations.