An integrated approach for urban water quality assessment

This paper introduces an integrated approach for the assessment of receiving water quality and the relative contribution of the urban drainage system to perceived receiving water quality problems. The approach combines mass balances with relatively simple receiving water impact models. The research project has learned that the urban drainage system is only one of the determining factors with respect to receiving urban water quality problems. The morphology of the receiving waters and the non-sewer sources of pollution, such as waterbirds, dogs, or inflow of external surface water might be equally important. This conclusion underlines the necessity to changes today's emission based approach and adopt an integral and immission based approach. The integrated approach is illustrated on a case study in Arnhem, where the receiving water quality remained unsatisfactory even after retrofitting a combined sewer system into a separated sewer system.     

基于SWMM模拟的城市内河区域雨水径流和水质分析

利用SWMM模型对城市内河典型区域（清湖周边区域）暴雨径流及水质进行模拟,考查不同重现期和不同透水面积条件下暴雨径流及水质随时间的变化关系。结果表明：随着重现期和透水面积的增大,地表的渗透能力下降,径流总量和径流峰值都增大,增长幅度逐渐减少。而且,污染物浓度,随着重现期和透水面积的增大,都呈现出前期逐渐增大,中期出现峰值,后期逐渐减小的趋势,污染物冲刷效果越明显。重现期小、城市化进程快的区域,地表渗透能力减弱,径流峰值和径流总量上升,洪涝灾害风险加大。     

Development of integrated catchment and water quality model for urban rivers

This paper presents the development of an urban river water quality model which considers the physical-biochemical processes within rivers and the incorporated urban catchment rainfall-runoff process developed with the time–area method. Unlike other models that simulate the hydrological and receiving water quality processes in the rural areas of the watershed scale, the model developed here is typically efficient for simulating the water quality response to nonpoint loadings from urban drainage systems, where the hydrological process is disturbed by artificially pumped discharge in wet-weather periods. This model is employed to assess the river water quality restoration in Nanfei River in Hefei City, China, where the model is calibrated against the measured data(i.e., the COD, the BOD5, the NH3-N, and the DO) in 2010, and the model parameters are suggested. It is shown that the nonpoint pollutants from the urban catchments contribute 34%-47% of the total pollutant inputs(i.e., the COD, the BOD5, and the NH3-N), despite their low flow component of 13.4%. Apart from the improvement of the wastewater treatment plant effluent(i.e., Grade IV of the Surface Water Quality Standard), a nonpoint loading reduction of 27.2%, 25.1%, and 35.3% of the COD, the BOD5, and the NH3-N are anticipated to meet the designated surface water quality standards of Grade V.     

组合法在河涌水质预测中的应用

利用组合预测技术,在SP模型与RBF模型的基础上,构建BOD、DO的组合模型,并应用于番禹市桥河涌水质预测中,结果表明,组合预测模型的预测误差最小,预测精度明显提高,即组合预测法在复杂水环境中BOD、DO的预测是更有效。     

城市河道断面水质达标正反馈整治模式研究

城市河道整治工作是实现城市品质提升与可持续发展的重要内容,其难点在于将工程规划与水质目标相呼应。对此,提出了一种正反馈的城市河道整治模式:首先分析城市河道特征;结合污染源与水系关系划分控制流域—子流域—小河道的三级整治片区;运用所提出的允许污染通量计算方法,根据城市河道的水质目标,计算各片区的允许污染通量;以通量为抓手,系统规划源头产污系统、过程集污系统、末端治污系统整治方案;最后,制定片区式分阶段实施计划并强化进度与效果评估,从而将工程规划与水质改善目标有机结合,实现工程进度与水质改善的同步,形成正反馈整治。该模式可为城市河道整治提供技术支撑。     

Identifiability analysis of the CSTR river water quality model.

Conceptual river water quality models are widely known to lack identifiability. The causes for that can be due to model structure errors, observational errors and less frequent samplings. Although significant efforts have been directed towards better identification of river water quality models, it is not clear whether a given model is structurally identifiable. Information is also limited regarding the contribution of different unidentifiability sources. Taking the widely applied CSTR river water quality model as an example, this paper presents a theoretical proof that the CSTR model is indeed structurally identifiable. Its uncertainty is thus dominantly from observational errors and less frequent samplings. Given the current monitoring accuracy and sampling frequency, the unidentifiability from sampling frequency is found to be more significant than that from observational errors. It is also noted that there is a crucial sampling frequency between 0.1 and 1 day, over which the simulated river system could be represented by different illusions and the model application could be far less reliable.     

我国城市居民饮用水水质风险分析

我国城市居民饮用水水质存在风险,这一风险是纯风险,属于基本风险类,具有可变性,其后果为危害人体健康。风险事件分为稀有事件和频发事件两类。饮用水水质风险一般可分解为结构方向、时间方向和因素方向等多维方向进行辩识。典型风险事件清单可作为风险辩识的重要参考。     

城市雨洪模型应用现状及对比分析

在总结国内外城市雨洪模型研究进展的基础上,分析了适用性较好的SWMM, InfoWorks CS, MOUSE的雨洪模型在国内应用现状,从前处理程序、核心模型、数据接口等几方面将三个模型进行对比,找到各自优势与缺点,指出共同存在的问题,展望城市雨洪模型的发展前景,为现阶段国内城市雨洪模型的应用提供选择依据。     

污水截流对浑河沈阳城区段水质影响的预测分析

为了改善浑河沈阳城区段生态环境,提出了南部污水排放截流工程,即将市区南部排水系统的污水全部截流至下游凌空污水处理厂处理后再排放,本文采用一维水质模拟模型对污水截流后浑河沈阳城区段水质变化进行了预测分析。     

河流水质随机分析模型及其应用

本文以河流ＣＢＯＤ－ＮＢＯＤ－ＤＯ水质方程为例，推导出计算河流水随机分析新模型，该模型将水不质基本方程的各个参数扩展为随机变量，并分解出均值方程一随机脉动量方程，然后求状态变量的积分解和分布矩；其次，利用分布矩和Ｆｏｋｋｅｒ－Ｐｌａｎｃｋ方程产生概述密度函数，模型被应用于清安河的水质模拟，与 ｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ模型和实测资料吻合良好     

辽河流域地表水水质达标评价及水质变化分析

本文根据多年地表水水质监测资料,系统地对辽河流域地表水进行了水质达标评价和水质变化趋势分析,并确定了严重污染河流名单.结果表明:辽河流域地表水水质污染以有机污染为主,点源污染重于面源污染.水质达标率不高,地表水污染有上升的趋势.     

流域集成化水管理研究

文章从分析我国流域水资源管理现状入手,以系统论为基础,着眼于“流域水资源是个系统”这一基本出发点,提出了一种新的流域水资源管理模式———流域集成化水管理,并在综合集成方法研究与解决问题路线的指导下,先从人、部门、信息各自集成进行研究,在此基础上,研究“人、部门与信息”三者的集成。     

城市河流综合整治工程的治理效果预测研究

以湖南省常德市穿紫河综合整治工程为例,利用美国环保局开发的综合水质模型QUAL2E对该工程治理方案进行效果预测。根据综合整治的主要治理措施设计了穿紫河水质模拟的五大类情景,模拟了CODCr、DO、BOD5、NH3 N等4项指标,进一步分析了不同截污程度、引水方案和引水量组合工程措施对提高水质达标率的作用,为穿紫河综合整治工程提供合理化建议。     

An integrated approach for solving urban water and wastewater crises in the Arabian Gulf States.

Various environmental and economic aspects of urban water and wastewater crises in a number of the Arabian Gulf States are discussed. An integrated approach, which considers simultaneously the problems of urban waters (shortage of water supply and problems associated with urban drainage) and those in connection with wastewater (i.e. environmental impact) is proposed. The feasible link between the main factors affecting these problems and the anticipated results encourage the implementation of the proposed approach. The conclusions suggest immediate municipal legislation.     

秦淮河流域水质分析及综合整治方案探讨

对秦淮河流域的水质及环境现状进行了分析，提出综合整治的方案。对城市与周边河流的综合治理提出了一种新的解决方案。     

Axios river basin water quality management

This paper presents a consistent methodology to analyze the water quality management of a river basin. Mathematical modelling techniques are used to establish the water quality characteristics of the study area and to assess the effects of alternative management strategies in a quantitative way.The Axios river basin in Northern Greece is used as a target area to demonstrate the capabilities of the methodology and the computational framework. The study provides a thorough examination of the water use in the river basin, the associated water quality standards, external factors influencing the water quality and alternative measures. Finally, a quantitative comparison of management strategies is given.     

城乡水务一体化管理的制度分析

本文分析了我国自20世纪末以来由于经济和社会变化产生的水问题,即包括城市化进程不断加快所导致的城市用水量的不断增加,以及城乡之间水事关系的日益密切;然后从制度的角度分析了水管理模式的改革,即要求改变过去的层级分解一信息包裹模式,建立一定的协调机制或合并有关机构;最后指出在实施城乡水务一体化管理以后,仍然需要正确协调和处理水的资源管理、服务管制和环境管理之间的关系。     

Modeling river water quality parameters using modified adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system

Water quality is always one of the most important factors in human health. Artificial intelligence models are respected methods for modeling water quality. The evolutionary algorithm(EA) is a new technique for improving the performance of artificial intelligence models such as the adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system(ANFIS) and artificial neural networks(ANN). Attempts have been made to make the models more suitable and accurate with the replacement of other training methods that do not suffer from some shortcomings, including a tendency to being trapped in local optima or voluminous computations. This study investigated the applicability of ANFIS with particle swarm optimization(PSO)and ant colony optimization for continuous domains(ACO_R) in estimating water quality parameters at three stations along the Zayandehrood River, in Iran. The ANFIS-PSO and ANFIS-ACO_R methods were also compared with the classic ANFIS method, which uses least squares and gradient descent as training algorithms. The estimated water quality parameters in this study were electrical conductivity(EC), total dissolved solids(TDS), the sodium adsorption ratio(SAR), carbonate hardness(CH), and total hardness(TH). Correlation analysis was performed using SPSS software to determine the optimal inputs to the models. The analysis showed that ANFIS-PSO was the better model compared with ANFIS-ACO_R. It is noteworthy that EA models can improve ANFIS' performance at all three stations for different water quality parameters.     

The worldwide urban water and wastewater infrastructure challenge

There are two parts to the challenge of providing the infrastructure necessary for universal access to water and sanitation. One challenge is the extension of existing infrastructure and new infrastructure to serve all in today's urban areas and to keep up with the expected rapid growth of cities; the other is the refurbishment of existing infrastructure to maintain access to water and sanitation. Meeting the second challenge is the more costly; it is also essential to meeting the first challenge. Infrastructure is the means, not the end, with a requirement for clear policies on objectives, priorities and service standards. Delivery will require effective planning, regulation, innovation, capacity building and training. Although the infrastructure costs will be high, the benefits will be greater.     

灰关联分析方法在河道水质评价中的应用研究

本文在详细介绍水环境水质灰关联评价分析方法的基础上,对珠江流域支流邕江南宁市河段进行了水质评价.根据2004年与2005年邕江南宁市河段水质灰关联计算结果,该河段水体质量总体较好,但由于水文情势以及沿江工农业发展等原因,年内各月水质相差较为明显,2004年和2005年各月属于Ⅰ级水质的关联度分别为0.772 0～0.914 5和0.797 5～0.964 5.