甲醇漏入循环水的影响与解决方案

通过对甲醇漏入循环水系统造成水质恶化的原因分析,阐明了甲醇漏入循环水系统后发生化学反应生成甲基纤维素的机理。并根据对这一反应过程的探讨和研究,提出循环水若发生甲醇泄漏,应采取消除泄漏源,优化杀菌剂的措施才是防止水质恶化的根本途径。     

冷却器泄漏对循环水水质的影响

1微量甲醇泄漏引起水质异常实例 山西丰喜集团临猗分公司甲醇分厂发电循环水系统，主要对空分系统和醇醚系统的换热器进行冷却。系统内工艺介质有油、甲醇等。循环水以地下深井水为原水，使用的水质稳定剂为全有机磷系配方，杀菌剂为氧化性与非氧化性两种，交替投加使用，水质日常控制指标如下。     

新型氧化性杀菌剂TS-838C的性能研究及工业应用

新型氧化性杀菌剂TS-838C完全能够替代一般的氯类氧化性杀菌剂,在山西三维集团有限公司的循环水系统中应用效果良好。各类化工厂有机物泄漏到循环水侧时,使用TS-838C后,能有效地控制菌藻的大量繁殖,保证了正常生产。     

甲醇装置循环水处理站异常现象分析及对策

结合陕西煤化能源有限公司甲醇装置的运行实际,分析循环水处理站出现循环水呈微酸性、泡沫大、水中携带大量鹅卵石、格栅滤网前后位差大等异常现象,并提出相应的对策措施。     

炼油厂水冷器泄漏原因及异常结垢状况分析

宁波某炼厂的循环水系统投用初期,循环水系统发生大量水冷器的泄漏状况,循环水集水池泡沫聚集,时有溢出,循环水水质恶化严重,腐蚀速率加剧,现场可燃气报警仪报警,安全风险较大。公司接手循环水运维工作后,制订应急预案,选定查漏手段,排查导致水冷器泄漏原因,在保生产的前提下,分批次切断漏点,快速恢复水质,制订多重预防措施,合理分布换热器流速且兼顾节能降耗,分析研究高点位水冷器管束内异常结垢原因和处理手段。     

循环水中生物黏泥大量滋生的原因及维持甲醇生产的应急措施

2018年8—10月陕西润中清洁能源有限公司循环水站出现异常——生物黏泥大量滋生,威胁600 kt/a甲醇装置的正常运行。结合陕西润中清洁能源有限公司甲醇装置及其循环水站的实际运行状况,分析认为循环水中生物粘泥大量滋生是净化系统甲醇水冷器(E1611)等出现泄漏所致,由于新订制的甲醇水冷器迟迟不能到货(无法予以更换),常规堵漏措施无法有效进行处理,而系统减负荷或停车则损失巨大,经综合考量,采取了一系列应急措施和防范措施,维持了甲醇装置的安全、稳定、满负荷运行。     

甲醇泄漏对循环冷却水系统的危害及处理

分析判断甲醇泄漏对循环水的污染以及对系统造成的危害,针对甲醇泄漏提出相应的处理及预防特护措施。     

乙烯厂循环水生物黏泥超标的原因分析及对策

针对独山子石化公司乙烯厂循环水2001年出现的生物黏泥严重超标现象，从工艺介质泄漏、杀菌剂效果等方面进行了分析，论述了黏泥产生的危害，采用相应措施后控制了水质。     

炼油循环水系统微生物问题分析及对策

对炼油循环水中微生物的来源及危害进行了分析,提出了连续投加氧化性杀菌剂次氯酸钠与生物分散剂,定期投加广谱高效的非氧化性杀菌剂的方案,并总结了炼油厂介质泄漏判断及检测办法.     

浅析煤化工循环水泄漏的影响及处理措施

在工业企业生产中,换热器是常见设备。经过长期运转,随着设备老化或日常维护不到位,很易换热管路破裂乃至泄漏现象。一般煤制甲醇企业循环水系统中常见的泄漏物料有着较高的毒害性,例如甲醇、丙烯、CO等将会污染水系统,导致系统中的氨氮、COD持续升高,微生物加速繁殖,黏泥量增加,从而打破系统原有平衡状态。针对于循环水系统,解析了煤化工甲醇企业物料泄漏带来的系统影响。结合生产实际,采纳合适的处理措施。     

Effect of Some Volatile Organic Compounds on the Foaming of Detergents from Their Aqueous Solutions

Abstract

The influence of gaseous phase composition on the surface properties of surface-active substances was investigated. The surface tensions of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and oxyethylated nonylphenol solutions were determined. Also the removal of both detergents from their water solutions by the foaming method was investigated. Air or air-containing vapors of methanol, butanol, ethyl ether, and pentane were used as the gaseous phase in the surface tension measurements and as the foaming gas. The presence of organic vapors in air under a water surface causes a greater decrease of surface tension than in pure air. The greatest effect was observed in the presence of pentane vapors. The foaming of both detergents from the water also depends on the gaseous phase composition and is best when pentane vapors are present in the foaming gas. When methanol vapors are in the foaming gas the removal effect is worse compared with the processes in which pure air was used.     

氯碱厂循环经济链研究

利用ADC发泡剂生产中清洁缩合生产工艺。可以将氯碱联合工厂的产品——氯气、烧碱与其延伸产品ADC发泡剂(偶氮二甲酰胺)、甘氨酸等连接成循环经济链，其结果是：ADC生产中硫酸消耗大幅度降低。缩合母液及水洗废水中NH3-N污染物削减90％左右；甘氨酸生产中氨耗降至零；锅炉烟气脱硫率从35％提高到90％。     

酸化—吹气分光光度法测定甲醇中的微量H2S

甲醇中微量Ｈ２Ｓ的测定通常采用微库仑定硫法,但实际使用过程中存在一些问题。经过大量的试验,证实了酸化－吹气分光光度法测定甲醇中的微量Ｈ２Ｓ能替代微库仑定硫法。     

甲醇合成及精馏单元的能效优化

甲醇生产工艺普遍存在能耗、水耗过高的问题,对该工艺进行过程集成节能研究,具有重要的意义。以60万t/a煤制甲醇装置为背景,将处于上下游关系的甲醇合成及精馏单元作为一个系统考虑。利用夹点技术对该系统的用能现状和换热网络进行了分析,找出了违背夹点设计原则的不合理换热匹配。在此基础上,通过充分回收系统高温热源尤其是甲醇合成塔出塔合成气的能量,提出了2种现行换热网络的优化方案。方案1:节约低压蒸汽34.8%,节约脱盐水和循环冷却水21.1%,其中节约1.2 MPa低压蒸汽2 277.7 kW,节约0.3 MPa低压蒸汽20 544.4 kW;方案2:节约低压蒸汽30.8%,节约脱盐水和循环冷却水18.7%,其中节约1.2 MPa低压蒸汽6 027.0 kW,节约0.3 MPa低压蒸汽14 157.5 kW。当1.2 MPa与0.3 MPa低压蒸汽价格差距较大时,选择方案2较合理。     

AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE FOAMING TENDENCY OF DIETHANOLAMINE GAS SWEETENING SOLUTIONS

The foaming tendency of a 30 weight % solution of diethanolamine (DEA) in distilled water was measured over a temperature range of 20-85°C and a pressure range of 1-3 MPa in the presense of a number of contaminants including carboxylic acids, oils, 1-4 bis (2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine (HEP), methanol, iron sulphide, silicone antifoam, etc. The measurements were conducted using a Jerguson high pressure sight glass contained in an air bath. Foaming was measured at gas rates up to 7.5 standard m³/d using air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and ethane. One notable observation was that the addition of most of the contaminants commonly identified as foam promoters did not create a foaming system with a clean 30% DEA solution. In fact, the only solutes that produced significant foaming were the carboxylic acids as noted previously in the literature by Pauley et al. (1989). The addition of contaminants to a foaming system did increase foam heights and stability substantially and results are presented for methanol and HEP addition to a foaming system of DEA-carboxylic acid. The effects of temperature, pressure, and gas flow rates on foam heights and foam break times were measured for a number of systems. Foaming was increased by a higher temperature and by higher pressure and was much more pronounced when carbon dioxide or ethane gases were used     

Chemical cleaning of reverse osmosis membranes used for treating wastewater from a rolling mill process

An analysis of fouling material and the effects of chemical cleaning were examined for a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane, which was used for the treatment of wastewater from a rolling mill process in the steel industry. The bulk foulant accumulated in the membrane module consisted mainly of CaSO₄·2H₂O, and the organic contaminants were contained at a very low level. The test pieces obtained from the exhausted RO membrane module (spiral-wound type) were used to examine chemical cleaning with the following solutions: acid and alkaline solutions with EDTA added, 50% methanol, and 10% ethyleneglycol monobutyrate (EGMB). Although a major component of the fouling material was calcium salt, the acid or alkaline solution containing EDTA did not promote the effective recovery of the water flux. On the other hand, cleaning with 50% methanol or 10% EGME solution increased the water flux significantly. The atomic force microscopy images of the membrane surface indicated that relatively large particles accumulated at the surface of the fouled membranes, and the large particles remained even after acid or alkaline cleaning. In the case of EGMB cleaning after alkaline cleaning, large particles did not remain, and uniform and fine particles were observed. The results that calcium salt, a major fouling material, was not removed effectively with the acid and alkaline solution may be due to trace organic materials in the fouling layer that act as a binder for inorganic fouling materials.     

Water based blowing agents for rubber extrusion

Physiologically hazardous chemical blowing agents are state of the art for the foaming of extruded rubber profiles. Water is a potential alternative to these blowing agents and is incorporated into rubber compounds in the form of water-leaded hygroscopic substances such as carbon blacks, silica, or hydrates. To achieve an optimum foaming result, the water desorption and cross-linking reaction has to be coordinated. In thermogravimetric investigations it is found that the inertia of the evaporation process plays an important role in water desorption mechanisms. It turned out that manual conditioning of the hygroscopic fillers with water is not reproducible. As a consequence, measurement uncertainties in characterization resulted, so that statistical proof of the expected effects on water desorption due to the specific properties of the fillers (e.g., silanol group density, specific surface area) could not be provided. However, carbon blacks are less suitable than silica due to the lower desorption temperature. The precipitated silica Ultrasil 360 with a relatively high pH-value showed higher water desorption rates than the other silica. The desorption temperature can reproducibly be adjusted as required by a suitable choice of hydrate. Since the absolute amount of water in the rubber compound is crucial to the foaming behavior during vulcanization Karl Fischer titration is used to determine the water content of a polar and a nonpolar rubber compound is determined over several weeks. Depending on the climatic conditions during storage, large deviations from the amount of incorporated water occur especially for polar rubber compounds such as nitrile butadiene rubber.     

粗甲醇精馏系统技改的模拟计算及BHS型填料的应用

将100 kt/a甲醇生产装置粗甲醇精馏系统由双塔流程改造为三塔双效精馏流程,即在利旧的基础上增加1座加压塔。运用Aspen Plus软件对新流程各塔进行了模拟优化,模拟优化结果为:新增加压塔的理论板数N=38,进料位置NF=26,回流比R1.6;其余2座塔进料位置NF分别为15和28,回流比R分别为0.6和1.5。以BHS型填料的结构特点及填料层压降数学模型为基础,完成了对新增加压塔的设计参数的计算。在此基础上,对技改前、后的流程进行了静态模拟及对比研究,结果表明:三塔双效精馏流程可使精甲醇质量分数达99.9%以上,年节省水蒸气和循环水分别为48 kt和2 936 kt,年可从废水中回收甲醇658.82 t,年增经济效益2 837.1万元。     

用次氯酸钠降低ADC发泡剂废水中氨氮含量

ADC发泡剂产生大量的氨氮废水,采用吹脱法去除氨氮效果差,本文采用次氯酸钠脱除ADC废水中的氨氮.在碱性条件下,将缩合废水经吹脱塔两级吹脱,并用有效氯3.1%的次氯酸钠处理,使废水中氮含量由20 000 mg/L降至60 mg/L.     

脱除合成气中微量CO的方法探讨

介绍了脱除合成气中微量CO的常用方法。通过对低温甲醇洗串甲烷化工艺和液氮洗工艺的比较,说明大型合成氨装置采用液氮洗脱除微量CO具有一定的优势。