混合氨基酸的分离技

本文介绍了特殊沉淀法、离子交换法、溶剂萃取法分离混合氨基酸的技术并指出了它们的缺点,详细地介绍了反胶团萃取法分离氨基酸的最新研究成果,对反胶团萃取分离混合氨基酸提出了发展设想。     

含钴镍工业废水的萃取处理研究

重点研究了酸度、盐析测、萃取级数及反萃条伯等对钴镍分离效率的影响。试验结果表明，用２０％的Ｎ２３５－煤油溶液萃取相，经五级逆流萃取，并用稀盐酸水率三级逆流反萃，可以有效地回收利用废水的钴和镍，回收率均可达９８％以上，并能实现工业用水的封闭循环，减少废水废渣的排放，控制污染，保护环境。     

离子液体基萃取体系用于卤水中锂分离的研究进展

近年来,锂电行业的迅猛发展,使锂资源,特别是卤水锂资源的开发利用受到了广泛关注。离子液体作为一种新型的绿色介质为优化升级传统溶剂萃取法卤水提锂带来了新机遇。本文首先简要回顾了离子液体基萃取体系用于卤水提锂的发展历程,重点阐述了离子液体萃取分离锂的行为与性能,详细讨论了萃取机理,并简单介绍了其他基于离子液体的锂分离技术。在此基础上进一步分析了离子液体基萃取体系存在的问题, 提出深入开展离子液体基萃取体系用于盐湖锂分离的机理研究并开发新型离子液体萃取剂及萃取体系,建立和优化新型萃取工艺是未来的主要发展方向。本文期望为盐湖锂资源的绿色、高效开发提供借鉴与参考。     

P507分离钴镍的研究进展

钴、镍是非常重要的战略金属资源,目前工业上主要采用溶剂萃取法进行分离回收。P507因具有分离系数高、毒性低、化学稳定性好等优点而成为分离钴、镍的主要萃取剂之一。本文首先综述了有机相中P507的体积分数、皂化度、水相的pH值、萃取反应时间等关键因素对钴、镍分离效果的影响;其次,对协萃体系如P507-P204、P507-Cyanex272及P507-P204等进行了深入总结;最后,对P507萃取分离钴、镍的相关研究方向进行了总结和展望。     

含钴镍工业废水的萃取处理研究

重点研究了酸度、盐析剂、萃取级数及反萃条件等对钴镍分离效率的影响。试验结果表明，用２０％的Ｎ２３５－煤油溶液作萃取相，经五级逆流萃取，并用稀盐酸水溶液经三级逆流反萃，可以有效地回收利用废水中的钴和镍，回收率均可达９８％以上，并能实现工业用水的封闭循环，减少废水废渣的排放，控制污染，保护环境     

P507与Cyanex272协同萃取分离溶液中钴镍离子

采用P507与Cyanex272协同萃取分离回收浸出液中的Ni2+, Co2+,考察了初始pH值、有机相复配比(P/C)和水油相比(A/O)的影响. 结果表明,协萃优化条件为：有机相皂化率50%,皂化时间30 min;有机相组成为10%复配萃取剂[P507:Cyanex272为3:2(j)]+85%磺化煤油+5% TBP;相比为3:1,水相pH值为2.5. 在此条件下,Co2+的一级萃取率为92.96%. 利用200 g/L硫酸反萃负载有机相,在相比2:3、振荡强度225 r/min、时间4 min的条件下,Co2+的反萃率为98.68%,实现了低pH值下Ni2+和Co2+的萃取分离.     

无机盐生产中的锶钡分离

锶钡分离对于生产高纯锶、钡盐及利用高锶 钡矿或高钡锶矿具有重要意义。介绍、评论了沉淀、离子交换、溶剂萃取等方法的研究和在无机盐工业中应用的情况。     

离子交换法除硫酸锰溶液中钴镍的中试研究

通过离子交换工艺,去除电解锰工业硫酸锰溶液中的钴镍离子并进行富集。采用6%～10%稀硫酸作为解吸剂,30～50 g/L氨水作为离子交换树脂转型剂,可以将硫酸锰溶液中钴镍离子含量降低到3 mg/L以下,解吸液中钴镍离子含量分别富集了24. 5倍、25. 1倍。离子交换树脂在吸附钴镍离子的同时,对锌铜离子也具有良好的吸附效果,锌铜离子的含量能降低到3 mg/L、1 mg/L以下,有利于硫酸锰溶液的同步净化。     

溶剂萃取精馏分离烷烃与烯烃研究进展

PROGRESSOFSEPARATIONOFALKANESANDALKENESBYSOLVENTEXTRACTIVEDISTILLATIONWangWenhua1前言沸点相近的烷烃与烯烃用普通精馏较难分离,多采用溶剂苹取精馏。近年来由于烯烃用途的不断开发成功,促使溶剂苹取精馏技术发展非常迅速,本文对近年来萃取精馆技术的研究和进展加以论述。2溶剂的选择溶剂车取精馆是在精馏塔中加入能提高待分离组分相对挥发度的一种或几种溶剂,使沸点相近的组分得以分离。溶剂革取精馏所选用的溶剂是分离效果好坏的关键因素,烯烃苹取精馏所用溶剂应用与烃类不相互反应、不形成共沸…     

从乏燃料中分离锕系元素的研究进展

总结了目前从乏燃料中提取放射性锕系元素的方法。锕系元素的分离减少了乏燃料相关的危害,例如其放射性毒性、体积和其放射性恢复到自然发生水平所需的时间量,并简要讨论了从环境水体系中分离锕系元素的问题。通常在乏燃料中发现的锕系元素包括铀、钚和次锕系元素(Am、Np和Cm),其中铀和钚的分离方法已经相当成熟,然而乏燃料中存在的次锕系元素与镧系裂变产物的分离还处于不成熟的阶段,需要进一步的研究探索。最后介绍选择性去除锕系元素的一些固体吸附材料。     

Selective separation of cobalt and nickel by supported liquid membranes

The selective separation of cobalt from acidic media, containing both equimolar and nonequimolar mixtures of cobalt and nickel, was examined by supported liquid membranes using Alamine 336 as mobile carrier dissolved in various diluents. The membrane support was microporous hydrophobic polypropylene Celgard 2500 (25 μm thick, 0.209 × 0.054 μm pore size and 55% porosity). Acetic acid-Na acetate buffer was used for the adjustment of the feed pH which was critical. Various parameters were experimentally studied and the optimum conditions were determined.     

Transport and separation of cobalt,nickel and copper ions with alamine liquid membranes

The transfer and separation of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions across a flat-sheet supported liquid membrane containing Alamine 336 as the mobile carrier dissolved in kerosene solvent has been investigated. Both the Alamine composition in the organic solution and the hydrochloric acid concentration in the feed solution have a marked effect on Co(II) and Cu(II) transport. A maximum flow of these ions at 50% of Alamine in the diluent was obtained. Ni(II) ion was not transported in the whole range of experimental conditions studied and good separation from Co(II) and Cu(II) could thus be performed. With decreasing hydrochloric acid concentration in the feed solution the separation factor of Cu(II) from Co(II) increases thus decreasing the Cu(II) recuperation factor.     

A short review on the research progress in alfalfa leaf protein separation technology

Alfalfa leaf protein constitutes an important food ingredient and is widely used in food technology. Due to high nutritive value and high proteins content, alfalfa is widely used in animal and human food. Conventionally, industrial leaf protein production from alfalfa requires complex processing and high separation temperature (90 °C), which causes high energy cost, release of sensitive elements and protein denaturation. To overcome these issues, developing novel separation technologies with low energy consumption and high yield and purity is of paramount importance to meet the requirements of green separation. In this review, some separation methods including acid heating method, pH method, salting method, organic solvent method, fermentation method and membrane separation are described. Among them, membrane separation has the best performance. The feasibility of adopting conventional and new promising technology (membrane) to recover leaf protein from plant food materials is discussed from an environmental and economical point of view. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

Precipitate flotation I. Removal of nickel from dilute aqueous solutions and its separation from cobalt

A new technique, called precipitate flotation of the second kind, in which no surfactant is used to float precipitates, is described. Nickel is completely removed from 1.5 × 10^?5 m-NiCl₂ solutions in 3 minutes using a tenfold excess of nioxime. Flotation improves with increasing temperature between 21° and 40° if the pH is in the range 8–11. Increase in ionic strength has no deleterious effect, unlike conventional precipitate flotation. Nickel can be completely separated from a hundredfold excess of cobalt by complexing the latter with nitroso-R-salt before flotation. Iron does not float on its own but recoveries of 50% can be achieved by entrainment of ferric hydroxide in nickel nioximate.     

含氮杂环化合物与有机酸协同体系在镍、钴萃取分离中的应用

近年来开发了多种含氮杂环化合物与有机酸类萃取剂的协同体系,明显提高了镍、钴的萃取性能,同时增强了对杂质元素的分离效果,具有较大的实际应用价值。本工作综述了一些具有代表性的含氮杂环化合物与有机酸类萃取剂组成的协同萃取体系,探讨了萃取体系对镍、钴的协同萃取效果及与常见杂质元素的分离,并讨论了协同萃取体系潜在的工业应用。协同体系对镍、钴的萃取及对杂质元素的分离主要是由酸性萃取剂本身性质和含氮杂环协萃剂的影响共同决定,有机磺酸、羧酸、膦酸等萃取剂与含氮杂环化合物组成的协同萃取体系在萃取镍、钴的过程中对金属杂质元素分离的选择性不同,在镍、钴的提取及生产过程中也展现出不同的应用价值。     

镍电解阳极液中镍钴的同时测定

以EDTA为滴定剂,紫脲酸铵为指示剂,NH4F、酒石酸钾钠、Na2S2O3为掩蔽剂,在氨性介质中测定镍的浓度;在pH值为8.0的氨-氯化铵缓冲液中,采用滴定比色法测得钴的浓度。测得的数据与AAS法和模拟试样进行比较,结果理想。     

A review of cobalt monoxide and its composites for supercapacitors

Cobalt monoxide is a low–valence compound with a face–centered cubic structure and has been deemed as a promising electrode material for energy storage, such as batteries and supercapacitors (SC). In this work, the recent progress of CoO and its composites for SC application is briefly reviewed. The preparation methods for CoO are summarized at first. With the development of nanotechnologies, various CoO nanostructures are thus synthesized for SC, but most architectures grown on conductive substrates show higher specific capacitance than the corresponding power materials. If integrated with some typical guest materials, such as transition metal oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, and carbon materials (including carbon nanotubes, graphene and porous carbon) as well as conductive polymers, the CoO composites usually deliver promoted electrochemical performances. Thus, much attention is focused on the composites of CoO. An outlook for future work is finally put forward.     

Selective separation of cobalt and nickel by flat sheet supported liquid membrane using Alamine 300 as carrier

Cobalt and nickel are among the most important nonferrous metals. The using of flat sheet supported liquid membranes (FSSLMs) to remove metals from wastewaters has been used actively by the scientific and industrial communities. In this study, the selective separation of cobalt from thiocyanate solutions containing cobalt and nickel by FSSLM was examined using tri-n-octylamine (Alamine 300) as carrier. The FSSLM was consisted of extractant, flat sheet support and organic solvent. The various parameters were studied to determine the optimum extraction and striping conditions of cobalt and nickel. These parameters were stirring speeds of phases, NH₄SCN concentration, pH, diluent type, extractant concentration, stripping reagent concentration and modifier concentration. Concentration of cobalt and nickel were determined by Shimadzu AA-6701GF spectrophotometer. In the optimum conditions, selective separation of cobalt was achieved with an efficiency of 98.4% within 8 h, for equimolar feed mixtures, 400 mg/L Co + 400 mg/L Ni, and the separation factor of Co(II) over Ni(II) was 234.4. In addition, for nonequimolar feed mixtures, 500 mg/L Co + 1000 mg/L Ni, Ni in excess, selective separation of cobalt was 99.9%, and the separation factor of Co was 506 in the same time.     

镍火法冶炼废渣中钴、镍回收的研究进展

综述了镍火法冶炼废渣中钴、镍等有价金属资源综合回收技术.通过回顾镍火法冶炼过程中产生的典型废渣的物相研究以及渣中钴、镍等有价金属回收的研究现状,分析和讨论了主要处理镍冶炼废渣工艺的优势及存在的缺陷,展望了研究方向和趋势.指出选矿法尽管能够经济地实现钴、镍富集的目的,但存在原料适用范围狭窄的局限性;火法处理工艺存在能耗高,会产生气态污染物的缺陷;微生物浸出工艺存在反应速率低的问题,但具有工艺简单、投资少等优点,是极具发展前景的研究方向.氧压酸浸能够高选择性浸出钴、镍,钴、镍的回收率高,过程无有害废弃物产生,环境友好,是今后提取废渣中钴、镍的可取方法.炉渣缓冷、焙烧或还原预处理后再进行氧压酸浸,浸出过程中加入含镍的磁黄铁矿等尾矿替代硫酸作为浸出剂,是氧压浸出工艺的发展趋势.