不同品种酿酒葡萄中16种矿物元素的TXRF法测定研究

建立了以恒压湿法消解-全反射X射线荧光分析(TXRF)测定酿酒葡萄中K、Ca、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Rb、Sr和Pb等16种矿物元素的新方法.恒压消解条件为:180℃消解4h.以花粉标准物质为测试样品,计算得到此16种矿物元素的仪器检出限(LLD)在0.001～0.045mg/L范围,方法检出限(LDM)在0.003～0.144 mg/kg范围内,16种矿物元素的测定值均在花粉标准物质的认定值范围内,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0％～6.7％范围内.该方法操作简单、样品用量少、检出限低.     

ICP-OES法测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中钼的方法研究

建立电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中的钼含量。此方法用微波消解法处理婴幼儿配方奶粉样品,然后运用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法分析样品,同时探讨最佳消解奶粉样品和分析样品的条件。微波消解-电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中的钼,方法在0~0.500 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(0.999 9),检出限可以达到0.048 mg/kg,6次奶粉样品测定结果的相对标准偏差小于3%;在加标量为0.2、1.0、2.0 mg/kg 3种梯度浓度下,回收率在96.6%~102%之间;标准参考物质的分析结果也在证书值范围内。该方法使用试剂少,空白值低,具有良好的精密度和准确度,适用于婴幼儿配方奶粉中钼的测定。     

罐头食品中12种重金属元素的质谱分析

建立电感耦合等离子体串联质谱(Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)测定罐头食品中12种重金属元素含量的分析方法。采用硝酸过氧化氢混合体系对样品进行消解,基于氦气的碰撞反应池技术消除多原子离子对待测元素测定的质谱干扰,同时选用锗铟铋钪作为内标元素校正基体干扰。方法的检出限在0.0001-0.1mg/kg之间,各元素的线性范围在0.05-100μg/L之间,采用生物成分分析标准物质(大虾,GBW 10050,国家一级标准物质)对方法的准确度及精密度进行验证,测定值与标示值相吻合,实验结果表明,方法准确可行。     

ICP-OES法测定坚果中微量元素的研究

采用微波辅助消解样品,建立了轴向观测电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法同时测定坚果中B、Na、Mg、Al、Si、S、K、Ca、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Sr、Mo、Ba等16种微量元素的分析方法。样品采用硝酸+双氧水混合酸微波辅助消解,优化了仪器的最佳测定条件,确定了各待测元素合适的分析谱线。采用国家一级标准物质(芹菜,GBW10048)进行方法验证,测定结果与标准物质所提供的参考值一致,所有待测元素的检出限为0.31～18.38μg/L,方法具有良好的精密度和准确度。     

ICP-MS测定食品生物成分标准物质中的铅、镉、铬、砷

本文利用微波消解仪对食品生物成分分析标准物质样品进行前处理,使用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS),以铋、铟、钴、锗元素为内标,对样品中的铅、镉、铬、砷进行同时测定。由测定结果可知,铅、镉、铬、砷在0～20 ng/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系,标准曲线相关系数均可达到0.999以上,各元素检出限分别为0.003 mg/kg、0.000 5 mg/kg、0.003 mg/kg、0.005 mg/kg;各元素测定值均在认定值允许的偏差范围内,且多次测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于10%(N=6)。由此可见,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱同时测定食品样品中的痕量金属元素具有较好的稳定性和准确性。     

快速石墨消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定海菜中13种无机元素

建立快速石墨消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)测定海菜中13种元素含量的方法。通过单因素试验优选海菜快速石墨消解最佳条件,以~(45)Sc、~(72)Ge、~(115)In、~(209)Bi为内标,用ICP-MS同时测定海菜中13种元素。海菜快速石墨消解最佳条件为,HNO_32.0 mL,H_2O_21.0 mL,温度120℃,时间20 min。Na、Mg、K、Ca在0～10 mg/L,Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Sr、Cd、Ba、Pb在0～0.3 mg/L线性良好,相关系数均≥0.999 5。13种元素的检出限为0.000 6～0.670 1 mg/kg,定量限为0.002 0～2.233 8 mg/kg,相对标准偏差为0.34%～5.31%,回收率为87.6%～108.5%。采用该法处理国家标准物质螺旋藻(GBW10025),测定结果在参考值范围内。该法简单、快速、准确、可靠,可用于植物样品中多元素分析的样品前处理和测定。     

新疆地区两种不同沙枣中的微量金属元素含量特征

用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定比较了新疆不同种类沙枣中16种元素,以Ge,Sc,Bi和In做内标,测定分析了沙枣中的16元素:K,Na,Ca,Mg,Mn,Cu,Zn,Fe,Cr,Pb,Cd,Mo,Ni,Al,Hg和As,并对方法检出限,加标回收率,精密度等指标进行研究。同时测定生物标准参考物质黄豆GBW 10013,测定值符合标准要求,在标准范围内。该方法消耗试剂少,快速准确,适合沙枣中多种微量元素的同时测定。结果1:该方法各元素检出限范围为0.10~0.50μg/g,相关系数(r)0.998,各元素相对偏差均小于4.0%,加标回收率范围86.9%~100.5%。结果2:两种沙枣中Ca,Na,K三种微量元素含量较高,其中狭叶沙枣中Ca,Na和K含量分别为139.20,77.15和56.20 mg/kg,尖果沙枣中Ca,Na和K含量分别为117.50,97.69和50.15 mg/kg。     

ICP-MS法同时测定胶原蛋白肽中24种无机元素

采用HNO₃-HClO₄酸消解体系对胶原蛋白肽样品进行微波消解前处理,电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)同时测定胶原蛋白肽中Be、B、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、As、Se、Sr、Mo、Ag、Cd、Sn、Sb、Ba、Tl、Pb 24种无机元素的含量。结果表明：24种无机元素在一定的浓度范围内有良好的线性关系,相关系数r均大于0.995,加标回收率为88.0%～109.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于3%(n=6),检出限在0.005～0.1mg/kg范围内。选用国家标准物质GBW10015和GBW10019为质控样验证方法准确性,24种无机元素含量的测定值均在证书值参考范围内。该方法具有检测快捷简便、检出限低、线性范围宽、准确度和精密度高、回收率好、可多元素同时测定的优点,能满足大批量的胶原蛋白肽中多种无机元素含量的测定分析要求。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定油茶籽和核桃中的8种金属元素

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定油茶籽和核桃中的铅、镉、铬、砷、汞、铜、锌、铁8种金属元素的方法.试验优化了微波消解条件和仪器测定条件,方法检出限为0.31 ～31.6μg/kg,加标回收率在80％ ～ 110％之间,RSD在1.7％～7.8％(n=6)之间.采用该方法对黄豆标准样品(GBW10013)和苹果标准样品(GBW10019)进行验证,测定值均在标准值范围内.采用该方法测定了不同地区的油茶籽和核桃中的金属元素含量,其中有害金属元素含量远低于现行标准的限量值.对于油脂含量较高样品中多金属元素的测定,该方法具有准确、快速、低检出限的特点.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用法检测岳阳市3大名优特产中金属元素含量

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)测定岳阳市3大名优特产中金属元素含量的分析方法。方法样品经微波消解后,采用蠕动泵在线加入内标,用ICP-MS测定岳阳的茶叶、银鱼、莲子中Pb,Cd,Cr,As,Hg 5种金属元素的含量。结果各元素在其标准曲线范围内线性关系良好,检出限为0.0003~0.010mg/kg,表明方法的灵敏度较高;各元素的加标回收率为86.4%~107.9%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为2.84%~8.97%,表明方法具有较好的准确度和精密度。按照本方法测定大虾国家标准物质(GBW10050),测量值均在标准值范围内。结论该方法快速、准确、灵敏度高,适合大批量样品的分析。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the