宗地的封闭性检查①

作为GIS基础数据来源的数字地籍图大多都是基于AutoCAD平台的。和GIS数据不同,它们不注重实体间的闭合性,拓扑关系等问题。宗地的封闭性检查是CAD数据与GIS数据进行数据转换以及地籍数据入库前矢量数据标准化的重要组成部分。从进行宗地封闭性检验的技术基础、理论基础以及宗地不闭合的成因出发,探讨了进行宗地封闭性检验的技术流程,并阐述了利用AutoCAD VBA作为开发语言,采用AutoCAD ActiveX技术,在AutoCAD 2005平台上进行二次开发,实现了宗地封闭检验和人机互动修改的方法;解决了     

基于MapObjects和ArcSDE C-API的地籍数据入库方法

针对《浙江省地籍信息管理系统》的开发过程中遇到的问题，提出了一种新的AutoCAD DWG数据入库方法，并开发了基于MapObjects与ArcSDE C-API的数据入库模块。实践表明，模块可以根据用户要求设置数据入库条件，具有较强的灵活性。     

数字测绘成图系统的研究与实现

数字测绘成图及GIS应用系统主要包括管线成图、地籍成图、地形成图、工程计算及GIS应用几个模块。系统是以AutoCAD2002为开发平台，采用ObjectARX开发技术开发，它秉 承了AutoCAD的传统优势，充分利用了AutoCAD的最新技术成果，使用户的数字化成图工作一开始就建立在一个全球公认的最优秀的图形与设计平台之上。     

基于电信行业综合资源管理系统的通用CAD技术服务平台

电信行业综合资源管理系统是电信行业的一个主要业务支撑平台,上线后在数据维护和管理、支撑前端受理、数据分析等各个环节提供了有利的系统保障。但受到资源入库的制约,本平台采用ActiveX技术二次开发的AutoCAD很好解决这个问题,并且也顺应了目前ICT技术的发展潮流。     

基于AutoCAD的农村地籍调查软件研究与实现

我国农村人口多变化快、宗地小数量多,这给农村的地籍调查带来相当程度的困难。以都江堰市农村产权制度改革契机,研发了一套基于AutoCAD的适合于农村大规模地籍调查的软件,成功地解决了农村实际人口和公安局户籍人口对户籍调查造成的一系列问题。     

地房籍合一计算机系统数据库构建过程中矢量数据汇总方法研究

地房籍合一管理信息系统是运用GIS、Web等平台建立的图属合一数据库,通过空间数据和地籍、房籍属性合一构建针对图形和属性能够相互查询,关联管理,地籍和房籍信息无缝结合,并具有图形属性输出功能的管理业务系统。矢量数据汇总是数据库建立的基础,快速准确的完成系统基础数据汇总是今后日常登记变更业务顺利进行的有力保证。     

基于时空模型的地籍信息数据库设计方法探讨

介绍了基态修正时空数据模型和改进基态修正时空数据模型,把改进基态时空数据模型引入到地籍信息系统中;分析了时空数据模型下地籍信息中宗地的组织原则,而后从概念设计、逻辑设计和图层设计以及数据库管理设计等方面探讨了利用改进基态修正模型进行地籍信息系统数据库的设计方法.利用该方法,可很大程度上节约地籍数据的存储空间和存取时间,更有利于地籍信息的时空查询.     

基于ArcSDE的矿产数据库管理系统开发

系统采用SQL Server 2000配合ArcSDE作为后台数据服务器管理空间数据,选用VB平台以及AO组件作为前端开发工具开发桌面管理系统.在了解ArcSDE空间数据库的存储模式的基础上,实现系统的安全性管理、数据加载显示以及数据更新入库功能.按照空间数据组织管理原则,利用组件开发等理论技术,进行了桌面平台的系统总体设计.采用VB+AO作为平台前端开发工具,在ArcSDE+SQL Server2000后台数据服务器的支持下,成功开发了平台的桌面系统,完成系统权限管理、数据入库更新、数据下载以及数据加载显示的功能.     

农村集体土地确权数据整理入库方法解析

农村集体土地确权是土地调查中的一项重要内容,关系到目前农村产权制度改革、新农村的发展,需要完成数据搜集和整理工作,并进行相关检查和后续入库发证工作。农村集体土地确权数据整理入库一旦出现问题,会直接影响农户土地所有权和使用权,给农村土地的流转带来问题。笔者以实践工作为基础,分析了我国地籍数据库管理现状,从准备工作、数据收集整理及数据库建设等多方面,探究农村集体土地确权数据库整理入库方法,总结农村集体土地确权数据库构建成果。通过数据库系统集中管理集体土地确权数据,提高地籍管理实效。     

MAPGIS地籍管理系统中的宗地历史数据的管理

在基态修正法的基础上,提出了"基态修正,时空相辅"的方法,很好地解决了宗地历史数据的管理问题,使地籍管理信息系统中对宗地历史数据的快速查询、统计以及宗地的历史回溯更准确方便.     

Structuring urban data

Geometric city modeling is an open problem without standard solutions. Within this problem, there appear several sub-problems that must be faced, like the accurate modeling of streets, buildings and other architectonic structures. One important source of geographical information is (measured) cadastral urban data. However, this information is not always well structured, and sometimes it is even simply corrupted GIS data. In this paper we present a robust and generic solution for the generation of block and building layouts based on a repairing process applied when this data is not correct. Our input data is a top projection map of a city which usually has been created by a mixture of photogrammetric restitution and, in a second stage, hand-drawn using any GIS application. Moreover, these maps are under continuous modifications, like in the case of public administrations. This process sometimes results in the introduction of mistakes and anomalies, which are hard to correct without the appropriate tools. Our solution is based on a novel semi-automatic 2D restructuring algorithm, which uniformly corrects errors and ambiguities that are commonly present in corrupted cadastral data. This problem is complex because it is necessary to identify not just simple elements from the input file, but also their connectivity and structure in the real world. The output of our algorithm is the urban data restructured into a hierarchy of blocks and buildings, from which we can get a realistic 3D model by extruding each building using the floor number for each building within the cadastral data.     

Per‐field urban land use classification based on tax parcel boundaries

The objective of this study is to test a per‐field approach for classifying detailed urban land use, such as single‐family, multi‐family, industrial and commercial. Tax parcel boundaries are used as the field boundaries for classification. Twelve attributes of parcels, such as parcel sizes, parcel shape, building counts and building heights, are used as the discriminant factors between different land use types. For our study area that consists of 33 025 parcels, we first derived parcel attributes from geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing data. We then converted the parcel vector data to an image of 12 bands with pixel values from parcel attributes. After that, we performed a standard supervised classification to classify the image into nine land use types. The best classification result with a decision tree classifier had an overall accuracy of 93.53% and a Kappa Coefficient of 0.7023. This study shows the feasibility of applying a per‐field approach based on tax parcel boundaries to classify detailed urban land use.     

Design research for cadastral systems

Cadastral information is a reference data component, of any spatial data infrastructure (SDI). During recent years, several organisational and individual research projects have investigated the cadastral domain. Two paradigms characterize much of this research and their methodologies: a behavioural paradigm or, alternatively, a ‘design research’ paradigm. While some efforts have focused on behavioural research methodologies, design research methodologies have not been addressed by the cadastral, geographical information system (GIS) and SDI research community so far. The present article, therefore, aims to demonstrate usage of the design research paradigm through a methodological analysis of recent cadastral research, which addresses information system issues and within this context, designs information system artefact. The analysis is based on five doctoral dissertations and an array of papers representing the development of the ISO/WD 19152.3 Land Administration Domain Model. The analysis is supplemented with a review of related theory. The main contribution of this article is an explication of a design research methodology and a theoretical framework for research in cadastral information, cadastral systems and the units of property rights reflected in these systems.     

Land tessellation effects in mapping agricultural areas by remote sensing at field level

While mapping agricultural areas by remote sensing, it is quite common to operate at cadastral parcel level. Unfortunately, this land tessellation is merely administrative: a single parcel can, in fact, be made of differently managed parts whose spectral properties can be significantly different, being often different their content. In this situation, approaches that aggregate spectral signals of pixels belonging to the same parcel to investigate their average behaviour can generate misleading results. In this work, we evaluated how different field tessellation schemes can condition the interpretation of the spectral behaviour of crops with special concern on time series of NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) and NDWI (normalized difference water index) spectral indices, which are assumed as proxies of plant vigour and crop/soil water content, respectively. The study relies on Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8 data imaging a rice-cultivated area sited in Piemonte (NW Italy). Two reference land tessellation geometries were taken into account: (a) the local cadastral map (purely administrative land division criterion) and (b) a map obtained by image segmentation of the NDVI time series (purely spectral land division criterion). After signal aggregation, some statistics were therefore computed to test differences both in time (within the same parcel along its temporal profile) and in space (within the same image at different positions at the same time). Results obtained exploring the rice growing season 2016 showed that (a) in 23% (70% at 1 sigma) and 27% (70% at 1 sigma) of segments (respectively for NDVI and NDWI) spectral differences, averagely along the year, are significant, possibly leading to wrong interpretation of occurring dynamics in the area; (b) in rice-cultivated fields, spectral differences suffer from seasonality with a higher incidence in Spring, when rice agronomic phases are more dynamic and, in the meantime, critical for management.     

高分辨率影像支持下的地块信息采集系统

利用空间信息技术获取野外地块信息是提高外业工作效率的重要途径。基于矢量耕地地块数据和现势高分辨率遥感影像数据,以个人数字助理为硬件平台,建立移动GIS环境下的地块信息采集系统。该系统采用嵌入式开发组件,实现定位、导航和信息采集等功能,解决高分辨率遥感影像压缩与切割问题。实践结果验证了该系统的可行性和高效性。     

Cadastral systems — alternatives

The importance of successful cadastral systems to a country's economy, administration and rule of law are accepted by many. Several donor organizations have been, for quite some time, supportive of projects to make existing cadastral systems more successful or set up new ones. Nevertheless, there have been, and still are, problems with such projects. One of the reasons for such problems relates to the limited cadastral knowledge of local experts and to the fact that many foreign consultants are mainly familiar with the cadastral system of their own country. It is important for all the cadastral experts, whether they are local or foreign, to know that there are many alternatives, which in general, give a good solution. The article will introduce the most common alternatives for seven issues, like a centralized or decentralized cadastral system, land registration with a separate or integrated cadastre, and different parcel identification methods. Even though there seems to be little correlation between the alternatives used in a particular country and the question of whether its cadastral system is running well, the article ends with some conclusions based on our recent experiences in central Europe.     

动态土地信息系统时空过程及时空数据存储

时态GIS（TGIS）以及时空数据模型是当前地理信息科学领域的研究热点，土地地籍管理信息系统是TGIS的典型应用，对土地地籍管理信息系统的时空过程进行了分析；提出了在基态修正时空数据模型中，采用区段快速索引和变粒度存储因子方法；通过区段快速索引和变粒度存储因子的引入，系统查询效率有了明显提高；论述了土地信息系统中的时空概念，数据结构和系统实现，重点讨论了数据库中的数据组织、拓扑关系建立及数据存储管理机制；最后介绍了基于上述模型和方法开发的新一代大型网络级动态土地地籍管理信息系统（ReGIS）的主要功能，两年多的应用表明，系统设计先进，性能良好，运行稳定。     

A Spatio-Temporal Model for the Manipulation of Lineage Metadata

Nowadays one of the most successful applications of GIS is the management of a land-use cadastre. A lot of corporate GIS databases are in development, they support the legal management and distribution of cadastral maps. However, the propagation of geographical updates toward cadastral databases is still a methodological and technical problem to address in the context of large applications with many different users. This paper proposes a model based on lineage metadata that supports the management of geographical changes in the context of a corporate cadastre application. Geographical and cadastral changes are identified from an analysis of the French cadastre which acts as a case study for the development of our model. The lineage metadata model is based on the application of a direct acyclic graph that permits the management of the evolution of geographical objects and the generation of historical queries. The proposed model is specified and validated with the O ₂ object-oriented database management system.