基于新阈值函数和小波分析的数字图像去噪方法

在数字图像处理过程中消除和减弱噪声对信号具有很重要的影响。中值滤波是传统的减少图像噪声,提高图像质量的可行方法。文章研究了中值滤波及其改进算法在图像去噪中的应用,基于小波分析基础理论和数字图像信号的小波变换分解重构原理,通过对小波分解系数选定恰当的阈值并进行阈值量化,基于小波分解后的高低频系数进行信号重构,从而有效去除或降低信号的噪声。本文采取的算法在MATLAB仿真平台进行了验证,结果表明,基于本文提出的阈值函数和小波分析处理方法对图像去噪具有更好的适应性,能够更好的改善数字图像的质量。     

基于离散小波变换的信号分解与重构

为数值计算简化和理论分析简便,在实际信号处理应用中,需要对小波变换进行离散化处理。介绍了傅里叶变换与小波变换的基本理论,以及离散小波变换在信号分解和重构过程中的原理及方法。利用MATLAB小波工具箱中提供的函数分别对一维信号和语音信号进行分解与完全重构,并对结果进行分析比较。仿真结果表明,用离散小波变换进行一维和语音信号分解时均可有效地获取其平均相似信息和细节信息,重构信号与原始信号相比损失较少,分解和重构均得到了很好的效果。     

基于小波阈值滤波的光纤比色测温仪的信号处理

介绍了用小波阈值滤波方法实现比色测温信号的滤波消噪.该方法基于信号和白噪声在小波变换下具有不同的特性,将含噪信号进行多尺度小波分解,采用软阈值方法将其高频部分进行量化处理,再进行重构.实验证明该方法有效去除了信号中的噪声,方便地用软件实现了比色测温信号的处理,提高了系统的测温精度.     

矿用电动机振动信号早期故障特征提取方法

针对现有矿用电动机振动信号故障特征提取方法存在依赖参数设置、频率混叠、信号失真等问题,提出了一种基于双树复小波变换的矿用电动机振动信号早期故障特征提取方法。利用双树复小波变换对采集的矿用电动机振动信号进行分解,得到各层双树复小波系数,并采用软阈值滤波对各层双树复小波系数进行滤波处理,滤波处理后的双树复小波系数经双树复小波变换重构获得去噪信号。应用结果表明,该方法能有效去除电动机振动信号中噪声,提取的早期故障特征能很好地反映电动机实际运行工况,为电动机早期故障诊断提供了有效依据。     

小波变换在MEMS陀螺仪去噪声中的应用

在介绍小波分析理论的基础上,本文采用双正交静态小波基对陀螺仪去漂后的残差信号进行不同尺度的分解.通过不同小波基滤波效果的比较,发现双正交样条小波具有较好的去噪性,其分解和重建滤波器系数也十分简单,验证了小波变换在陀螺仪测漂信号去噪中的可行性.     

基于小波分析的脉搏波信号去噪

脉搏波信号采集过程中存在引入的肌电干扰和基线漂移等噪声,引起脉搏信号不准确。针对传统滤波方法滤除脉搏波噪声性能较低的特点,提出了一种改进的空域相关滤波方法。将信号小波分解后,在小波变换值的相关量中加入一个自适应调整系数,最后用保留的小波系数对原信号进行重构;改进方法具有良好的自适应性能和显著的滤波效果,在有效去除噪声的同时,很好地保留了信号的主要细节。仿真结果表明,改进算法去噪效果好,同时减小误差,提高了信噪比,为脉搏分析提供了准确信息。     

地震信号小波变换的去噪方法

运用模极大值法基本原理进行地震信号去噪研究,进而运用二次小波变换原理通过低层系数处理对常用小波去噪方法进行改进.通过合成不同的染噪地震信号,由一系列仿真实验对模拟地震信号进行不同尺度的小波分解与重构,从而实现最优小波分解尺度上的地震信号噪声去除.与常用的快速傅立叶转换方法比较,仿真结果表明,该小波变换方法能够有效去除地震勘探信号中的噪声,并且针对系数的二次小波变换可以明显改进去噪的效果.     

基于双树复小波的色谱重叠峰分解方法研究

针对色谱分析中重叠峰的分解问题,提出一种基于双树复小波变换的色谱重叠峰分解方法。首先深入研究了双树复小波变换相较于离散小波变换的优越性;然后利用双树复小波变换分解与重构模拟色谱信号,计算分离度、峰位和峰面积,与离散小波变换的结果对比,并对噪声信号进行测试;最后利用双树复小波变换分解与重构实验所测得的色谱信号。实验结果表明,双树复小波分解色谱重叠峰比一般的实数小波准确,能够有效地分离重叠峰,分解后峰形平滑对称未发生畸变,峰位相对误差与峰面积相对误差较小,适合定性定量分析。     

小波与傅里叶变换耦合的静电监测信号去噪法

针对航空发动机气路静电监测信号微弱、背景噪声大、信噪比低、信号特征难以提取的问题,根据傅里叶变换和小波阈值降噪理论,提出了小波分解与傅里叶变换耦合的滤波法,并与常规的陷波器消噪法、小波阈值消噪法进行了对比研究.模拟实验结果显示小波分解与傅里叶变换耦合法的滤波效果明显优于其他两种方法,将该方法用于发动机气路模拟实验采集的监测信号处理,结果表明:小波分解与傅里叶变换耦合的滤波法适合对航空发动机模拟气路静电监测信号做滤波处理,可以用来提取异常信号发生的位置.     

基于小波与数学形态学的道路信息提取

提出了一种基于小波与数学形态学提取道路信息的方法。首先,利用小波多尺度分析对遥感图像进行分解,通过分析小波系数,对各个小波分量进行滤波处理,滤除非道路特征,再进行小波重构,然后对重构图像进行分割,得到包含道路信息的图像。最后应用数学形态学方法,选取合适的结构元素,对图像分割的结果进行形态变换,进一步滤除了非道路信息,完成道路信息提取。通过实验比较证明,该方法比一些典型边缘提取算法更有效、更适合于道路信息的提取。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。