LIQUIDUS OF NdCl_3-MgCl_2-LiCl SYSTEM

The liquidus of ternary system NdCl_3-MgCl_2-LiCl has been determined by means of DTA.Itwas found that there are two surfaces corresponding to the primary crystallization ofNdCl_3 and α-(MgCl_2,LiCl)respectively,and a univariant line related to the secondarycrystallization with a minimum M(68.5 wt-% NdCl_3,2.7 wt-% MgCl_2,28.8 wt-% LiCl_2441℃)in the system.     

La在KCl-NaCl和LaCl_3-KCl-NaCl熔体中的溶解行为SCIEI

本文利用透明槽技术、电化学循环V-A法及量子化学EHMO三种方法,研究了La在KCl-NaCl(1:1mol)及LaCl_3-KCl-NaCl熔体中的溶解行为。初步认为:溶解在KCl-NaCl熔体中的La是以中性金属状态存在。在LaCl_3-KCl-NaCl熔体中,溶解的La与La^(3+)作用生成低价La^(2+)离子,La^(2+)又与周围的La^(3+)作用形成原子簇离子La_m^(n+)赋存于熔体之中。     

DISSOLUTION OF La IN KCI-NaCl AND LaCl_3-KCl-NaCl MELTS

Dissolutionof La in KCl-NaCl and LaCl_3-KCl-NaCl melts has been investigated by meansof a transparent cell,cyclic voltammetry and EHMO of quantum chemistry.It is shown thatthe La dissolved in KCl-NaCl melt exists in a metallic state,the La dissolved inLaCl_3-KCl-NaCl melt can be ionized into La~(2+) as a result of reaction with La~(3+),furthermore,the La~(2+) reacts with La~(3+) forming atom cluster La_m~(n+) which is a stable state inthe melt.     

PHASE DIAGRAM OF TERNARY SYSTEM PrCl_2-CaCl_2-MgCl_2

Three surfaces corresponding to the primary crystallization of PrCl_3,CaCl_2 andMgCl_2 respectively,3 univariant curves related to the secondary crystallization and a ternaryeutectic(44.8 wt-% PrCl_3,31.8 wt-% CaCl_2,546℃)were found in systemPrCl_3-CaCl_2-MgCl_2 by means of DTA.A reaction occurs in this system:L=PrCl_3+CaCl_2+MgCl_2.     

PHASE DIAGRAM OF SYSTEM NdCl_3-LiCl-KCl

The phase diagram of system NdCl_3-LiCl-KCl has been investigated by DTA.Six surfacescorresponding to the prhnary crystallization of NdCl_3,LiCl,KCl,γ-KCl·NdCl_3,β-3KCl·NdCl_3 and 2KCl·NdCl_3 respectively,eleven univariant lines related to the sec-ondary crystallization,two ternary eutectics E_1(70.5wt-% NdCl_3+8.0wt-% KCl,360℃)and E,(5.0wt-% NdCl_3+ 53.0wt-% KCl,355℃)and one ternary peritectic P(67.0wt-% NdCl_3+10.0wt-% KCl,375℃)were found.It is also chtrified that this studyon the system NdCl_3- KCl differs from previous work in the two transition temperatures:e_1(77.0 wt-% NdCl_3,484℃),e_2(40.0wt-% NdCl_3,620℃),p(70.0wt-%NdCl_3,610℃),3KCl·NdCl_3(690℃)and two reactions:α-3KGl·NdCl_3β-3KGl·NdCl_3 (355℃)β-SKGl·NdCl_3γ-3KCl·NdCl_3 (450℃)The eutectic point e_5(31.0wt-%LiCl,460C)is determined for the pseudobinary system3KCl·NdCl_3—LiCl.     

PHASE DIAGRAM OF PrCl_3-SrCl_2-CaCl_2 SYSTEM

Five fields corresponding to the primary crystallization of PrCl_3,Sr_3PrCl_9,α(SrCl_2,CaCl_2),α_1(CaCl_2,SrCl_2)and α_2(SrCl_2,CaCl_2)respectively,six univariant lines relatedto the secondary crystallization,one ternary eutectic(48.0 wt-％ PrCl_3,23.5 wt-％ SrCl_2;590℃)and ternary peritectic point(45.5 wt-％ PrCl_3,24.5 wt-％ SrCl_2;614℃)were determined by DTA.Attempts were also made to explore the rule governing thealteration in the phase diagram containing rare earth chloride,formation of compoundand its stability by means of polarization and counter-polarization.     

微波法制备LaF3超细粉

以La2O3、HCl为原料制备了LaCl3,并直接用双柱法,以LaCl3溶液同NH4HCO3溶液作用合成了粒度较小的La2(CO3)3粉体;以粉体La2(CO3)3为镧源与NH4F混合,在微波作用下经过固相化学反应,合成了LaF3超细粉;研究了不同分散剂等反应条件对合成LaF3超细粉的粒度和纯度的影响;通过X射线衍射(XRD)检测了不同途径合成的LaF3超细粉体的纯度,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)测试了不同途径合成的LaF3超细粉体颗粒的粒度和形貌.结果表明:用乙醇作为分散剂经微波加热固相合成得到了纯度较高,平均粒度约为50 nm的LaF3超细粉.     

Prevention of longitudinal cracks in a continuously cast slab of Fe–Cr–Ni superalloy containing Al and Ti

Abstract

The continuous casting of UNS N08811 containing Al and Ti has been established by improving the start flux. In initial trials serious longitudinal cracking appeared during the earlier stages of casting. Investigation revealed that the reaction of Al in the alloy with SiO₂ in the flux during casting, raised the Al₂O₃ content in the film after casting to 28 wt-% which is substantially higher than the 12 wt-% measured in the steady state. In the film, the major portion contained 28 wt-% Al₂O₃ and a thin layer with even lower Al₂O₃ content existed at the shell-side. The higher Al₂O₃ portion could correspond to the initial infiltration into the gap between the solidified shell and the mould. On the other hand, the layer with lower Al₂O₃ content could correspond to steady state infiltration. Initial infiltration, therefore, was estimated to be obstructed, resulting in an uneven film, because of its more viscous and glassier properties. A start flux designed with lower viscosity and higher heat generation helped to ensure even infiltration and this was shown to prevent the cracking.     

Electrochemical codeposition of typical α+β phases Mg-Li alloys from the molten LiCl-KCl-MgCl_2 system

Electrochemical codeposition of Mg-Li alloys on molybdenum electrodes was investigated in LiCl-KCl(50 wt.%:50 wt.%) melts containing different concentrations of MgCl2 at 973 K.Cyclic voltammograms show that the underpotential deposition of lithium on pre-deposited magnesium leads to the formation of liquid Mg-Li alloys.The deposition potentials of Mg(II) and Li(I) ions gradually near each other with MgCl2 concentration decreasing.Mg-Li alloys with typical α + β phases could be obtained by potentiostatic electrolysis from LiCl-KCl melts containing 5 wt.% MgCl2 at -2.25 V vs.Ag/AgCl(cathodic current density 1.70 A·cm-2) for 2.5 h.α phase, α + β phases, and β phase Mg-Li alloys with different lithium contents were obtained by potentiostatic electrolysis from LiCl-KCl melts with the different concentrations of MgCl2.The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.     

火法气态传输分离混合稀土氯化物

本文以氯化铝作为络合物配体与稀土氯化物形成气态络合物。研究了相邻稀土元素氯化物之间火法分离的可能性，结果表明，二元系分离系数Ｌａ：Ｃｅ＝１２．３０，Ｐｒ：Ｃｅ＝５．７９，Ｐｒ：Ｎｄ＝１．３２；四元系中Ｐｒ－Ｎｄ的分离系数高达Ｐｒ：Ｎｄ＝１．９８．     

LaCl3—MgCl2—LiCl三元体系液相限的研究

借助DTA研究了LaCl_3-MgCl_2-LiCl三元体系的液相限,发现本体系内有对应于LaCl_3和α-固溶体(MgCl_2,LiCl)的两个液相面,一条二次结晶线和它的一个最低点M(63.8wt-%LaCl_3,2.0wt-%MgCl_2,34.2wt-%LiCl;492℃),结合液相限的测定,初步探讨了LnCl_3-MgCl_2-LiCl体系(Ln=La,Ce,Pr及Nd)相图中的某些变化规律。     

DETERMINATION OF PrCl_3-NaCl-LiCl PHASE DIAGRAM

PrCl_3-NaCl-LiCl phase diagram has been constructed from the phase diagrams of itssub-binary systems and of six quasi-binary systems measured by DTA technique.It is foundthat this ternary system is composed of five liquidus surfaces,seven second crystallizationlines,two peritectic points and one eutectie point.The temperatures and compositions ofinvariant points are as follows:P_1(416℃,30.3 mol% NaCl,44.2 mol% LiCl,25.5 mol%PrCl_3);P_2(409℃,25.0 mol% NaCl,50.0 mol% LiCl,25.0 mol% PrCl_3);E(404℃,20.0mol% NaCl,55.4 mol% LiCl,24.6 mol% PrCl_3).     

Corrosion resistance of Ni/Al2O3 coatings in NaCl solution

Abstract

This paper presents results of a research on the corrosion resistance of composite Ni/Al₂O₃ coatings electrochemically deposited from Watts baths containing different amounts (0, 20, 100 g dm^?3) of Al₂O₃ particles. Potentiodynamic tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were carried out in a 3% solution of NaCl. The coatings with about 6 wt-% of corundum, deposited from a bath with 100 g dm^?3 of a powder, showed the best protective properties. The rate of corrosion of such coatings after 7 days of exposure in the NaCl solution was over two times slower than that of coatings containing 2 wt-% of Al₂O₃ and six times slower than that of a standard nickel coating. Two equivalent circuits: one consisting of two RC circuits and the other one made up of three RC circuits were used for the analysis of the impedance spectra. Regardless of the presence and amount of the Al₂O₃ particles in the nickel coating, during first day of exposure in the NaCl solution a layer of nickel oxides and hydroxides forms on the surface of the coatings increasing their corrosion resistance. In the case of coatings with 6 wt-% of Al₂O₃, the passive layer is least vulnerable to the aggressive action of Cl^? ions.     

PHASE DIAGRAMS OF SYSTEMS SmCl_3-CaCl_2 AND SmCl_3-LiCl

The phase diagrams of binary systems SmCl_3-CaCl_2 and SmCl_3-LiCl were determined byDTA and X-ray diffraction analysis.The system SmCl_3-CaCl_2 is of a simple eutectic typewith eutectic point of 55.8mol-% SmCl_3 at 545℃.The system SmCl_3-LiCl is of the typewith incongruent melting phase 2SmCl_3·LiCl at peritectic point 434℃ and with eutecticpoint of 31.5 mol-% SmCl_3 at 395℃.     

YNi_5 PHASE AND ITS EFFECT UPON PROPERTIES OF Ni_3Al ALLOY

An additive of Y to Ni_3Al based alloy may form a phase YNi_5 which increases in amount withthe increase of Y content.It was found that the YNi_5 phase in Ni_3Al alloy could remarkablymake its grains finer and its grain boundaries more crooked other than straight.If the Y con-tent≥0.1 wt-%,it occurs as solid solution state and is favorable to high temperaturecompressive properties and oxidation resistance of the alloy.While Y≥0.3 wt-%,the forma-tion of YNi_5 is predominant in the shape of irregular strips inside Ni_3Al grains and alongtheir grain boundaries.This seems to be quite harmful to high temperature strength,ductilityand oxidation resistance of the alloy.     

MECHANISM OF SLOW CRACK GROWTH AND STRESS CORROSION CRACKING IN AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL

通过金相跟踪观察、力学测量及断口分析,研究了奥氏体不锈钢氢致开裂和应力腐蚀的机理.结果表明,无论是不稳定型(321)还是稳定型(310)奥氏体不锈钢,电解充氢时先产生塑性变形,当它发展到临界状态时就导致氢致裂纹的形核.但在42%MgCl_2沸腾溶液中应力腐蚀时,裂纹的形核和滞后塑性变形无关.两种(321)輿氏体不锈钢应力腐蚀的门槛值K_(ISCC)远比严重充氢时氢致开裂的门槛值K_(IH)要低.两者的断口形貌也不同,应力腐蚀是解理断口,且和K_I无关.而氢致开裂断口和K_I有关,K_I高是韧窝,K_I低则获得准解理断口.实验表明,氢在奥氏体不锈钢应力腐蚀(沸腾MgCl_2介质)过程中并不起主要作用.     

Corrosion Behavior of 304 Stainless Steel Exposed to a Simulated Salt Lake Atmosphere

The corrosion behavior of stainless steel exposed to a simulated salt lake atmosphere has been investigated by analyzing the evolution of surface morphologies and corrosion products, the initiation and development of pits, and the electrochemical characteristics. The results indicated that(Mg_6Fe_2(OH)_(16)(CO_3)(H_2O)_(4.5))_(0.25), a layered double hydroxide, has been detected for the first time in the corrosion products formed on stainless steel exposed to a simulated salt lake atmosphere. The specimens exposed to MgCl_2 deposit conditions were corroded more severely than those exposed to NaCl deposit conditions, which was attributed to the differences in the deliquescence relative humidity and efflorescence relative humidity values of MgCl_2 and NaCl. In addition, a special corrosion morphology consisting of a concentric circle of yellowish material was observed on the specimens exposed to MgCl_2 deposit conditions, which was attributed to the formation of Mg(OH)_2, inhibiting the diffusion and migration of OH~- ions to the anode region. The maximum pit depth followed a power function with respect to corrosion time. The corrosion mechanism of stainless steel exposed to a simulated salt lake atmosphere is also discussed.     

镁合金的活性电弧焊接

在不同的电流条件下,研究了9种常见氧化物、氟化物、氯化物活性剂在镁合金交流氩弧焊及变极性等离子焊弧中的行为.结果表明:活性剂TiO2、Cr2O3、AlF3、NiCl2、CdCl2、ZnCl2、MgCl2使镁合金交流氩弧焊焊缝熔深增加;MgF2、SiO2使镁合金交流氩弧焊焊缝熔深减小;TiO2、SiO2、Cr2O3、AlF3、NiCl2、CdCl2使镁合金变极性等离子弧焊焊缝熔深增加;MgF2、ZnCl2、MgCl2使镁合金变极性等离子弧焊焊缝熔深减小;活性剂对镁合金交流氩弧焊焊缝熔深增加的作用大于对镁合金变极性等离子弧焊的;电弧收缩是活性剂使得镁合金电弧焊焊缝熔深增加的原因之一;活性剂的加入使得焊缝的晶粒比未涂敷活性剂时粗大.     

EFFECT OF METAL-OXIDE DIFFUSION BARRIER ON INTERDIFFUSION OF ELEMENTS BETWEEN COATING AND SUBSTRATE

The effect of LPPS Ni_3Al-Y_2O_3 diffusion barrier layer on interdiffusion of elements betweencoating and substrate has been investigated.It was found that the retardation of interdiffusionis related to the amount of oxide in the diffusion barrier layer.The retardation is not remark-able when the content of Y_2O_3 is 8 wt-%,whereas the diffusion of Al,Co or Cr has all beennotably retarded when the content of Y_2O_3 reaches 30 wt-%.The retardation effect of diffu-sion barrier is different for different elements such as Al,Co or Cr.     

金属-氧化物扩散障对涂层和基体间元素互扩散的阻碍作用

本文研究了低压等离子喷涂的Ni_3Al-Y_2O_3扩散障层对外层涂层与基体间元素互扩散的阻碍作用,发现阻碍扩散的作用与扩散障层中氧化物含量有关。当Y_2O_3含量为8wt-%时,扩散障对元素互扩散没有明显的阻碍作用;当Y_2O_3含量为30wt%时,对Al,Co和Cr等元素的扩散有明显的阻碍作用。并且,阻碍作用随元素不同而不同。