水泥浆体早期的自收缩和干燥收缩

水泥浆体早期(<7 d)收缩行为已受到越来越多的关注,利用波纹管法测量自收缩,通过测量不同水灰比净浆的自收缩和干燥收缩来评价早期收缩.试验结果表明,与其他方法相比,波纹管法能直接准确地测量早期自收缩.养护1 d后测量初长为基准测量自收缩会忽略水泥浆体早期很大一部分自收缩,初凝后10 min开始测量较为合理.由于很多工程中实际养护条件不足,以养护3 d初长为基准测得的干燥收缩不能准确反映真实的早期干燥收缩.     

抑制水泥浆体早期自收缩的方法

水泥浆体早期自收缩已受到越来越多的关注,本文分别检验了掺减缩剂、膨胀剂和纤维抑制浆体3种样品早期自收缩的效果.试验结果表明,单掺钙钒石类膨胀剂对抑制早期自收缩作用不明显.单掺二元醇醚类减缩剂减缩效果最高可达80%,但强度随龄期增长而损失较大.在不需要浆体早期强度很高时,可以用二元醇醚类减缩剂和JM Ⅲ膨胀剂复掺来抑制浆体早期自收缩;在需要考虑浆体早期强度时,可以用二元醇醚类减缩剂和长度3mm的聚丙烯纤维复掺来抑制浆体早期自收缩.     

国内外高性能水泥浆体自收缩研究近况

综述了高性能水泥浆体自收缩机理、影响因素及减少自收缩的途径,略述了目前国内外研究现状。     

煤矸石对硬化水泥浆体早期自收缩的影响

研究了煤矸石对硬化水泥浆体早期收缩的影响。结果表明:在实验温度为20℃的封闭环境中,硬化水泥净浆的自收缩主要发生在消化初期,3D后试样的收缩趋于稳定;掺煤矸石后,硬化水泥浆体试样的自收缩显著增加。     

矿物超细粉对水泥浆体化学收缩的影响研究

通过笔者自行设计的化学收缩测量装置分别对掺硅灰、磨细矿渣、超细粉煤灰的水泥浆体化学收缩进行了测定。结果表明，硅灰的掺入增大了水泥浆的化学收缩；磨细矿渣的掺入使水泥浆体的化学收缩稍有增长，但不十分明显；而超细粉煤灰则可以较好地抑制水泥浆体的化学收缩。对掺矿物掺合料的水泥浆体强度的测试结果从另一个角度论证了化学收缩是由水化引起的，即水化程度的大小反映了化学收缩的大小。     

偏高岭土对硅酸盐水泥浆体干燥收缩行为的影响及机理

为探究偏高岭土（metakaolin,MK）影响水泥基材料干燥收缩（干缩）机理,研究了不同MK掺量（0、5％、10％、15％）、不同成熟度（水中分别预养护3d和28d）硅酸盐水泥浆体在20℃、55％相对湿度下的干缩和质量损失行为,并采用综合热分析和压汞法研究了不同成熟度水泥浆体的组成和微观结构。结果表明：MK对浆体干燥...     

矿物外加剂及测试方法对硬化水泥浆体自收缩值的影响

分别采用两种不同试验方法对比研究了单掺粉煤灰、硅灰和矿渣微粉这三种常用的矿物外加剂(即水泥混合材)对水泥浆体早期自收缩的影响。研究结果表明,单掺粉煤灰、硅灰和矿渣微粉后,硬化水泥浆体的自收缩值分别随其掺量的增加而减小、增大和增大。本文分析研究了这三种常用的矿物外加剂对硬化水泥浆体自收缩产生影响的原因,并对比分析了本试验采用的两种试验方法,发现波纹管法更能准确地测量水泥浆体的早期自收缩,参照现行行业标准JC/T313-1982测试无法正确地反映硬化水泥浆体更早期的收缩现象。     

预湿水泥浆颗粒内养护材料对混凝土早期自收缩及抗压强度的影响

制备不同粒径和水灰比的水泥浆颗粒作为低水灰比混凝土内养护材料.以最佳内养护水灰比原则,设计了使用三种水灰比分别为0.6、0.7和0.8的同粒径水泥浆颗粒等体积取代砂子的混凝土.研究了不同水灰比水泥浆颗粒对混凝土早期自收缩、抗压强度和内部微结构的影响.结果表明:颗粒吸水率与其水灰比正相关、与其粒径负相关;预湿水泥浆颗粒可显著降低混凝土早期的自收缩,颗粒水灰比越大,自收缩降低效果越明显;但是掺入水泥浆颗粒也会降低混凝土的抗压强度,颗粒水灰比越高抗压强度降低越多,应用中应优化选择预湿颗粒的水灰比;水泥浆颗粒作为高性能混凝土内养护材料,可改善微观界面的孔隙结构,提高界面的密实性,减少混凝土早期的收缩和开裂.     

混合材对水泥浆体流变性能的影响

该文通过试验指出矿渣,石灰石,粉煤在,沸石,煤矸石等常用混合材的掺入不会改变新拌水泥集体的流变类型,但对其流变参数却有明显的影响。同一混合材的掺加量和细度也影响着水泥浆料的流变性能。     

水胶比对高强砂浆早期收缩特性的影响

通过设计4种不同水胶比(0.18、0.21、0.24、0.27)的高强砂浆试样,研究掺入等量硅粉和羧酸基高效减水剂时不同水胶比对高强砂浆试样的单轴抗压强度、化学收缩、自收缩和干燥收缩的影响.试验结果表明:高强砂浆的早期收缩比较明显,其化学收缩和干缩与水胶比正相关,试块抗压强度和自收缩与水胶比负相关;掺入的硅粉发生二次水化,能够提升砂浆抗压强度,增加收缩量;掺入的羧酸基高效减水剂增加了水泥的凝结时间,但一定程度减少了砂浆试样的早期收缩.     

熟料细度对粉煤灰水泥浆体强度和自收缩的影响

通过实验室球磨机制备出比表面积分别为280m2/kg、370m2/kg和670m2/kg的3种水泥熟料,与不同掺量的粉煤灰配制成不同颗粒级配的粉煤灰水泥,并测试了粉煤灰水泥浆体的抗压强度、自收缩、孔隙率和显微结构。结果表明：提高熟料细度能在很大程度上降低粉煤灰水泥浆体的孔隙率并提高复合水泥浆体早期抗压强度;粉煤灰的掺入降低了水泥体系的自收缩,提高了粉煤灰水泥浆体的体积稳定性;粉煤灰水泥浆体背散射图像表明,提高熟料细度可显著减少粉煤灰水泥浆体中未水化的水泥颗粒含量,并在一定程度上减少未水化粉煤灰颗粒含量。     

养护条件对水泥砂浆干缩性能的影响

实验研究了养护条件(包括干燥前养护时间、干燥前养护温度和干燥时相对湿度)对砂浆干缩性能的影响。比较了养护时间(1 d,3 d,14 d),养护温度(20℃,60℃),相对湿度(30%,43%,75%)等对水泥砂浆干缩性能的影响。研究结果表明:延长干燥前养护时间,各砂浆干缩率增大;提高干缩前养护温度,不掺矿物外加剂的水泥砂浆干缩率减小,而掺矿物外加剂的水泥砂浆干缩率增大;干燥时相对湿度增加,水泥砂浆干缩率降低。     

水泥基体参数对水泥砂浆干缩性能的影响

采用干缩实验研究水灰比、灰砂比、水泥细度等水泥基体参数对水泥浆干缩性能的影响。结果表明,水灰比在0.35～0.60时,砂浆的干缩率随水灰比增大而增大;其它条件不变时,砂浆的干缩率随胶砂比增大而明显增大,随水泥细度提高而增大;高标号水泥的干缩率大于低标号水泥,水泥标号相同时,P.II>P.F>P.S;矿渣微粉比粉煤灰更适用于生产高性能水泥和高性能混凝土;减缩剂能明显减小水泥砂浆的干缩率。     

Can the maturity concept be used to separate the autogenous shrinkage and thermal deformation of a cement paste at early age?

The influence of temperature on the autogenous shrinkage of cement paste has been studied using the maturity approach based on Arrhenius' law. Application of this law requires knowledge of the apparent activation energy, E_a, of cement. In this work, E_a has been determined by the “setting time method.” The external volume change of cement paste was measured by hydrostatic weighing. In order to separate the thermal and autogenous deformations, the thermal dilation coefficient (TDC) was determined at both 20 and 30 °C. Investigations have shown that maturity can be used to predict autogenous shrinkage under isothermal and realistic conditions as long as temperatures remain between 10 and 40 °C. Outside of this temperature range, the calculated autogenous deformation and measured isothermal shrinkage are quite different and, as a result, autogenous shrinkage appears to be dependent on more than hydration advancement alone.     

Effect of polysaccharides on the hydration of cement paste at early ages

This work deals with the relative efficiency of polysaccharides and their influence on cement hydration. Several parameters such as the structure, concentration, average molecular weight, and soluble fraction value of polysaccharides were examined. Cement hydration was monitored by isothermal calorimetry, thermogravimetry (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Results clearly show that retardation increases with higher polysaccharide-to-cement weight ratio (P/C). Low-molecular-weight starch showed enhanced retarding effect on the hydration of cement. The retardation effect of polysaccharides is also dependent on the composition of cement.     

高C3S水泥系统的力学性能及干缩性能

研究了高C3S水泥系统和普通水泥系统的力学性能及干缩性能。结果表明,高C3S水泥具有较高的强度和较小的干缩,可大量利用粉煤灰(掺量可达40%)。普通水泥只有在很高的比表面积时,3d和28d强度才和高C3S水泥相当,但其干缩比高C3S水泥大得多。从节约能源、利用资源和提高水泥混凝土材料耐久性出发,应大力发展高C3S水泥。     

Influence of polymer on cement hydration in SBR-modified cement pastes

The influence of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) latex on cement hydrates Ca(OH)₂, ettringite, C₄AH₁₃ and C-S-H gel and the degree of cement hydration is studied by means of several measure methods. The results of DSC and XRD show that the Ca(OH)₂ content in wet-cured SBR-modified cement pastes increases with polymer-cement ratio (P/C) and reaches a maximum when P/C is 5%, 10% and 10% for the pastes hydrated for 3 d, 7 d and 28 d, respectively. With wet cure, appropriate addition of SBR promotes the hydration of cement, while the effect of SBR on the content of Ca(OH)₂ and the degree of cement hydration is not remarkable in mixed-cured SBR-modified cement pastes. XRD results illustrate that SBR accelerates the reaction of calcium aluminate with gypsum, and thus enhances the formation and stability of the ettringite and inhibits the formation of C₄AH₁₃. The structure of aluminum-oxide and silicon-oxide polyhedron is characterized by ²⁷Al and ²⁹Si solid state NMR spectrum method, which shows that tetrahedron and octahedron are the main forms of aluminum-oxide polyhedrons in SBR-modified cement pastes. There are only [SiO₄]⁴⁻ tetrahedron monomer and dimer in the modified pastes hydrated for 3 d, but there appears three-tetrahedron polymer in the modified pastes hydrated for 28 d. The effect of low SBR dosage on the structure of aluminum-oxide and silicon-oxide polyhedron is slight. However, the combination of Al³⁺ with [SiO₄]⁴⁻ is restrained when P/C is above 15%, and the structure of Al³⁺ is changed obviously. Meantime, the polymerization of the [SiO₄]⁴⁻ tetrahedron in C-S-H gel is controlled.