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1.
In contrast with a mindless analysis of addiction, which emphasizes negative behavioral consequences of addiction, a mindful analysis of addiction reveals that the positive benefits of addiction often may be unintentionally overlooked. The positive benefits may be one of the factors that make kicking the addiction so difficult; the addict who quits his or her addiction may have to relinquish those benefits. A mindful analysis may help the addict and therapist to devise treatments and behaviors that allow the addict to quit the addiction, but retain the positive benefits associated with the addiction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

2.
Reviews the book, Taking charge: How families can climb out of the chaos of addiction by Stephen E. Schlesinger and Lawrence K. Hornberg (1998). In this guidebook the authors present their multimodel approach, which is designed especially for family members of an addict. The authors encourage the reader throughout the book not to feel ashamed to look for professional help. The reviewer can recommend this book as an excellent resource for professional work, either for individual therapy or as an introductory reading for groups. The reviewer appreciates very much the themes of this book--to help family members become more aware of their own needs, to repair the damage caused by addiction, and to reunite them for a more satisfying and happier life. This change in the family interaction holds great promise for the addict who wants to recover. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

3.
This article proposes that sublimation and addiction be understood as complementarities, that sublimation is transcended addiction, and that addiction is either a lapsed or an aborted sublimation. Both processes are often concurrent, with oscillation and perseveration between them, when the task of sublimation is not achieved. The extension of Freud's initial conceptualization of sublimation by developments in object-relations theory is the ground for this case. Themes and perceptions common in the work of addict authors Coleridge, De Quincy, Poe, and Gautier are noted to illustrate oscillation at the boundaries between sublimation and addiction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

4.
There is a need for theory-based, manual-guided psychotherapies that will simultaneously target addictive as well as HIV risk behavior in inner city, drug-using populations. The growing interest in integrating clients' spiritual and religious beliefs into addiction and HIV-prevention treatment prompted the development of spiritual self-schema (3-S) therapy. 3-S therapy is founded in Buddhist and cognitive psychologies, with particular emphasis on self-schema theory. Evidence is provided for the habitual activation of an addict self-schema that leads to high-risk behavior. The goal of 3-S therapy is to elaborate a self-schema for abstinence and harm prevention: the spiritual self-schema. The Buddhist Noble 8-fold Path to enlightenment serves as an organizing framework for the therapy, which uses cognitive-behavioral techniques to facilitate this shift in self-schema. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

5.
Examines processes involved in successful recovery from addiction through the lens of identity theory and explores the identity processes involved in 12-step programs, psychotherapy with substance abusers, and religious drug-treatment programs. P. Biernacki (1986) found 3 paths that the addict followed in becoming a nonaddict: identity reversion, identity extension, and identity emergence. One part of 12-step programs is the ritual identification of each member in terms of addiction. The individual in such programs is involved in restructuring his or her identity hierarchy. This restructuring also occurs in religious programs, such as those offered by the Black Muslims for heroin addicts. Identity theory can help reveal commonalities in seemingly disparate treatments and be useful in creating alternative approaches. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

6.
Defines addiction such that it identifies addiction syndromes other than chemical ones and discusses treatment implications. Addiction is viewed as a temporary reconstitutive affect system that acts to shore up a fragile self state. The addiction system fails because it is regressive and isolates the individual from current self-enhancing relationships, particularly with a peer group. Considerations include eating disorders as addiction, the addictive process, genetic-dynamic issues, and the role of the transitional object. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

7.
Reviews evidence supporting the "addiction-prone" personality theory of narcotic addiction. A nonaddict control sample (N = 82) was selected that incorporated several parameters found to be lacking in previous studies comparing addicts and nonaddicts. Results on the MMPI of the nonaddict sample were compared to those of an addict group (N = 51). Contrary to the "addiction-prone" theory, results of the addict and nonaddict groups were not reliably different. Results are discussed in terms of the "addiction-prone" theory, and an alternative theory is suggested. (French summary) (28 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

8.
Hyperamylasemia was noted in 17 (19%) of a group of 91 hospitalized heroin addicts. Thirteen of the 17 were in acute respiratory distress (12 with so-called "heroin lung" syndrome and one with status asthmaticus). Isoamylase analysis in the hyperamylasemic patients demonstrated S-type isoamylase dominance in 15, P-type isoamylase dominance in one and essentially equivalent P- and S-type isoamylase elevations in one. It would appear from these data that the hyperamylasemia after heroin in most persons addicted to the use of this drug arises from the sources other than the pancreas. Changes in the lungs occurring in association with heroin addiction seem to have an important role among the possible contributory factors.  相似文献   

9.
Examined the responsiveness of 54 hospitalized female opiate addicts to symbolic "influence" from professionals vs. addict peers in a controlled experimental situation. Selected psychometric variables were expected to predict Ss' differential reactivity to photographs representing professional or addict preferences. Results indicate that low scores on the Barron Ego-Strength scale or, equivalently, high scores on a maladjustment index (mean T scores on the clinical scales of the MMPI) predicted greater reactivity to stimuli depicting peers than to stimuli depicting professionals. The opposite valences characterized the reactions of better-adjusted patients. The Barron Ego-Strength scale was the best single-scale predictor of such differential reactions as well as of subsequent clinically-judged suitability for treatment. The results raise questions regarding the selection of patients for treatment programs administered by professionals vs. those administered by rehabilitated addict peers. (16 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

10.
Discusses an unexpected outcome of heroin addiction treatment; namely, the failure inherent in successfully removing patients from illicit drug use, only to find that in doing so, expectations on the part of clients regarding their ability to effectively function in society have risen beyond their ability to realistically attain their goals. Recidivism becomes likely when addicts cannot cope with the stress of low status employment, specific situations of the nondrug world, recreational drug use of straight co-workers, and the effort of maintaining gains made in treatment. Cognitive interpersonal problem-solving skills are recommended as a means of focusing the addict on developing habitual thinking on alternatives, consequences, means and ends, different perspectives, and social influences on the addict's own actions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

11.
Neurobiological and behavioral studies, as well as basic and applied clinical research studies, may all contribute to the development of a pharmacotherapy for a specific addictive disease. This paper reviews recent findings from research work, primarily from one laboratory along with collaborative laboratories, that could have some relevance for the development of pharmacotherapy for cocaine dependency. The much earlier experiences of this laboratory in the development of a pharmacotherapy for opiate addiction will be addressed in the context of providing both some specific suggestions for addictive disease pharmacotherapy development and some warnings about the complexities of the introduction and implementation of a pharmacotherapy once developed. Finally, based on both the earlier perspectives and the more recent research findings, some very specific, though speculative, suggestions will be made about the development of novel pharmacotherapies for early opiate addiction, especially for cocaine abuse or addiction and prevention of relapse to cocaine use. The complex and diverse nature of the challenge for pharmacotherapy for the addictive diseases is presented, including specifically a mandate for broadening educational efforts concerning the basis of addictive diseases and the need for treatment, in parallel with the scientific efforts to develop increasingly sophisticated and targeted pharmacotherapies.  相似文献   

12.
Commonalities in the developmental patterns of both narcotic addiction and negative self-attitudes motivated this controlled study of 70 White, middle socioeconomic status (WMSES) addicts and 70 WMSES nonaddicts. The hypothesis that measures of self-attitudes would distinguish addicts from nonaddicts was confirmed with highly significant differences. The hypothesis that antecedent conditions purported to result in positive self-attitudes would distinguish addicts from controls was also supported. Developmental conditions posited as indices of early self-attitudes further discriminated the two groups. A self-reported profile of the WMSES addict was compiled describing drug-use patterns and childhood situations.  相似文献   

13.
The mesolimbic dopamine system, which arises in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), is an important neural substrate for opiate reinforcement and addiction. Chronic exposure to opiates is known to produce biochemical adaptations in this brain region. We now show that these adaptations are associated with structural changes in VTA dopamine neurons. Individual VTA neurons in paraformaldehyde-fixed brain sections from control or morphine-treated rats were injected with the fluorescent dye Lucifer yellow. The identity of the injected cells as dopaminergic or nondopaminergic was determined by immunohistochemical labeling of the sections for tyrosine hydroxylase. Chronic morphine treatment resulted in a mean approximately 25% reduction in the area and perimeter of VTA dopamine neurons. This reduction in cell size was prevented by concomitant treatment of rats with naltrexone, an opioid receptor antagonist, as well as by intra-VTA infusion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. In contrast, chronic morphine treatment did not alter the size of nondopaminergic neurons in the VTA, nor did it affect the total number of dopaminergic neurons in this brain region. The results of these studies provide direct evidence for structural alterations in VTA dopamine neurons as a consequence of chronic opiate exposure, which could contribute to changes in mesolimbic dopamine function associated with addiction.  相似文献   

14.
The treatment of alcoholism has changed during the past 2 decades. Notable developments have occurred in pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and health-care delivery. A better understanding of the biologic basis for addiction has led to clinical trials of medications that target neuroreceptors. One such medication is the opiate antagonist naltrexone, which decreases the craving for alcohol. Psychosocial interventions continue to be the mainstay of alcohol treatment programs. The efficacy of three different therapies was demonstrated in a study called Project MATCH (Matching Alcoholism Treatments to Client Heterogeneity). This study, however, did not prove the patient-treatment "matching" hypothesis. In addition to therapies provided by addiction specialists, interest is growing in the use of brief motivational techniques in primary-care settings. As the field of addiction responds to an unfolding health-care delivery system, a broader range of treatment options in conjunction with a greater opportunity to individualize patient care is evolving.  相似文献   

15.
It is well known that stress is a significant risk factor for the development of drug addiction and addiction relapse. Remarkably, the cognitive processes involved in the effects of stress on addictive behavior remain poorly understood. Here it is proposed that stress-induced changes in the neural circuits controlling instrumental action provide a potential mechanism by which stress affects the development of addiction and relapse vulnerability. Instrumental action can be controlled by two anatomically distinct systems: a goal-directed system that involves learning of action-outcome associations, and a habit system that learns stimulus–response associations. The transition from initial voluntary drug use to subsequent involuntary, compulsive drug use represents a switch from goal-directed to habitual control of action. Recent evidence indicates that this switch from goal-directed to habit action can be prompted by stress and stress hormones. We argue (i) that acute stressors reinstate habitual responding to drug-related cues and thus trigger relapse to addictive behavior, and (ii) that prolonged or repeated stress may accelerate the transition from voluntary to involuntary drug use and thus promote the development of addiction. The suggested mechanism encompasses cognitive processes that may contribute to the effects of stress on addictive behavior and could have important implications for the treatment of addiction and the prevention of relapse. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

16.
GA Crémer  A Boissonnas 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,179(7):1335-51; discussion 1351-4
Withdrawal of opiates drug addicts in Internal Medicine is unusual in France. Four main preliminary conditions are requested: 1--Drug addict preparation and self motivation, 2--Inter and intra institution team collaboration, 3--Opening the hospital towards community agencies, 4--Hospital staff recruited on volunteer basis. Within two years (1992-1993), 210 opiates drug addicts were hospitalized for withdrawal. Two third were males, median age was 27, median years of addiction was 7. Thirty percent were seropositive for HIV, 70% for HCV. Hospitalisation lasted 7 days for heroin addicts and 10 days for morphin, codein or buprenorphin addicts. Successful withdrawn was observed for 70% patients but six months after withdrawal, only 15% remained abstinent.  相似文献   

17.
18.
A range of research-based pharmacotherapies for addiction   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Modern approaches to the treatment of addiction have been influenced by several important factors. These include advances in our understanding of the nature of addiction based on longitudinal studies, and progress in elucidating the biological underpinnings of addictive behavior. In addition, changes in the system for delivery of services have begun to shape the way that addiction is treated.  相似文献   

19.
Nicotine addiction continues to be the main cause of preventable death in developed countries. Women and teen girls appear to be more vulnerable on certain aspects of nicotine addiction compared with men and boys. While the mechanism of gender differences in nicotine addiction is not yet clear, evidence suggests that while estrogen may underlie enhanced vulnerability in females, progesterone may protect females. Thus, progesterone may have therapeutic use for tobacco addiction, especially in female smokers. A greater understanding of the role of progesterone in nicotine addiction is important not only from a treatment standpoint, but also from a prevention standpoint: hormone transition phases, such as those that occur at adolescence, and during pregnancy and following birth, as well as following hormonal manipulation (e.g., using methods of hormonal birth control), may all contribute to changes in vulnerability to nicotine addiction. In this review, we summarize recent evidence from clinical and preclinical studies examining the role of progesterone in nicotine addiction focusing on its role during initiation of use and during later phases of the addiction process as a potential relapse prevention treatment. We conclude with future directions including further examination of progesterone as a potential intervention and treatment of nicotine addiction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

20.
BACKGROUND: To know the present epidemiological situation of the infective endocarditis in our environment and its evolution in the last few years. RESULTS: The incidence of infective endocarditis was 0.85 per thousand patients admitted to hospital, with a mean age of 43 years. The predisposed factors more frequently found were: drug addiction (32%) and cardiac prosthetic valves (23%). In the greatest number of our patients the cardiac valves involved were: tricuspid (28%), mitral (27%) and prosthetic valves (23%). The causative organism were: S. aureus (19 cases), Streptococcus (15 cases) and S. epidermidis (11 cases). The echocardiography study resulted diagnostic in 90% of the patients, valve replacements were performed in 22% of the cases. The overall mortality rate was 10%. CONCLUSIONS: The current profile of infective endocarditis is characterized by a high incidence of parenterally drug addict patients or prosthetic valves carriers. Increase of the infections of S aureus and a decrease of Streptococcus infections, as well as a less overall mortality.  相似文献   

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