Pd8.5Y0.19Ru合金膜的氕氘渗透特性

研究了厚度40μm的Pd8.5Y0.19Ru(原子分数)合金膜的氢渗透性能。结果表明,在573～723K温度范围内,氢在膜中的渗透符合Fick第一定律,氕、氘的渗透率表达式分别为ΦH=2.566×10-6exp(-3542.45/T)mol/m.s.Pa0.5和ΦD=1.398×10-6exp(-3443.72/T)mol/m.s.Pa0.5,与钯钇合金相比,合金元素钌的加入降低了氕氘的渗透率和渗透分离系数。另外,CH4对膜还具有较强的毒化作用。     

基于质谱法的钯氢同位素效应研究

钯因其较强的同位素效应而被广泛应用于氢同位素处理中。利用四极质谱对海绵钯的氕氘分离因子及其影响因素进行了系统研究。通过实验分析了–25~155℃范围内,不同氕氘相对丰度(5%~90%)、氢同位素在固相中溶解度(0.05~0.7)对氕氘分离因子的影响。结合对α相中的氕氘分离因子计算表明:海绵钯的氕氘分离因子随温度的升高而降低,随氘丰度的增加而增加,在α+β及β相中随氢同位素在固相中溶解度的上升而有所增长,在α相则不受氢同位素在固相中溶解度的影响。     

氢分离单相V基合金膜研究进展

Pd-Ag合金膜作为分离高纯H2的金属膜目前已经商业化应用,但由于Pd-Ag合金膜的材料成本高,限制其大规模应用。 单相V基合金膜拥有比钯银合金膜更高的H渗透率、机械强度和较低的成本,且氢脆抗力较纯V得到很大提高,塑性和H渗透率也比多相V基合金膜高,因此成为替代Pd-Ag合金膜的潜在材料之一。 本文综述了氢分离单相V基合金膜的研究进展,包括V基合金膜种类及H渗透性能、微观结构对H渗透性能的影响、合金膜失效机制等,并对氢分离单相V基合金膜未来的发展趋势进行了简单的展望。     

氢分离合金冷轧成膜组织演变及透氢性能研究进展

第VB族（Nb、V、Ta）难熔金属与商用Pd比不但具有较高的氢渗透率而且价格低廉，成为人们青睐的新一代可替代钯的新型氢分离膜材料。为了规模化制备高通量的氢分离合金膜，研究者们对铸锭合金先进行冷轧变形以获得大尺寸平面膜，然后通过退火处理提高渗透率从而达到合金膜通量效率提升的目的。本文从合金的冷轧成形性、轧态及后续退火态组织演变以及透氢性能三方面的研究进展进行综述，分析了冷轧成膜的成分效应，阐述铸态、冷轧态和退火态的微观组织与渗透率的关系。讨论了通过轧态后续退火改善组织结构，进而开发高通量氢分离合金膜研究所面临的问题，最后对冷轧成膜及后续退火是实现低成本可规模化制备低厚度、高渗透率氢分离合金膜的前景进行展望。     

钯氘化物的放氘动力学性能研究

在25~50℃的温度范围内,测定了钯氘化物(PdD0.6)的放氘动力学曲线。结果表明:钯氘化物在室温附近可实现快速放氘,放氘反应速率随温度升高而增加;在相同温度下,随着放氘压力接近于该温度下的放氘平衡压,放氘速率逐渐减小;钯氘化物的放氘动力学受化学吸附的氘原子在钯表面复合过程的控制,放氘反应速率常数与温度之间满足Arrhenius关系;放氘反应的活化能为30.02kJ·mol-1·D2-1。     

掺Pd改性纳米晶Mg2Ni吸放氢氘特性研究

采用机械合金化法制备了Mg2Ni-1．0％Pd（质量分数，下同）合金粉末，用XRD及AFM等分析表征了球磨20h后粉末的相结构和微观形貌，测定了Mg2Ni-1．0％Pd合金吸放氢氘的P-C-T曲线和动力学曲线。结果表明，机械合金化制备的Mg2Ni-1．0％Pd合金粉末粒度在10nm～50nm之间；同熔炼法制备的Mg2Ni合金相比，纳米Mg2Ni-1．0%Pd合金吸氢时的焓变值减小，放氢时焓变值增大，可逆贮氢容量为1．06（H／M,原子比，下同）；与吸放氢相比，在相同温度下合金吸放氘的坪台压升高，焓变值减小，具有显著的同位素效应。纳米Mg2Ni-1．0％Pd合金的吸氢速率和吸氘速率与温度的关系在573K附近发生变化。     

钯钇合金研究

研究了钯中含有0.62wt%—6.96wt%钇的5种成分PdY合金箔的制备工艺、加工性能及氕渗透性,并就钌的加入对PdY合金性能的影响进行了探索。测定了两种合金系箔材的X线衍射谱。结果表明,随着Y含量的增加,PdY合金的硬度、强度及塑性值均提高,氕的渗透率也明显增加。钌加入合金后,进一步使PdY合金的力学和加工性能得到提高。     

氚老化对海绵钯吸、放氕氘热力学性质的影响

钯是氚处理工艺中的关键功能材料,氚衰变及其产生的氦会引起钯的贮氢性能下降。对室温下贮氚老化1.6年的海绵钯进行了预处理,采用变温法获得了老化钯吸、放氕和氘的PCT曲线,作为对比,同时给出了新鲜钯的实验结果。在此基础上,进行了氚老化钯吸、放氕和氘热力学性质分析。结果显示,氚老化会导致钯氢体系的α相右移、坪台压降低、坪台区变窄,且老化效应对钯氢体系的滞后效应、焓变及熵变产生影响。     

钯床排代回收和装载氘的性能研究

通过让氢气流经氘化钯床，在床出口端间隔取样分析的方法，研究了室温(～22℃)下钯床排代回收和装载氘的性能。结果表明，气—固相间的氢、氘交换过程可以采用塔板模型进行描述；22℃下钯具有较大的氢同位素交换速率，氢(氘)的排代流速为1．8L／min时，回收率为80％的氘纯度可以达到99％，排代气量为钯床吸氢量的3．0倍时，氘的装载纯度可以达到99％。     

透氢非钯基金属膜研究进展

相比于变压吸附和深冷分离法,膜分离技术由于能耗低、简单易行等特点,在氢气分离提纯中的应用具有优势。目前工业上分离提纯氢气应用最多的是致密金属膜,尤其是钯及其合金膜。但是钯是贵金属,成本非常高,限制了钯基膜的大规模应用。因此目前非钯基致密金属膜在氢气分离提纯中的应用受到广泛的的关注,成为研究热点。本文综述了金属膜分离氢气机理,非钯基金属膜的材料成分及其发展现状,并指出目前开发膜材料存在的一些亟待解决的问题。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。