一种新型常温微量氯气吸附剂热动力学研究

用一次等量浸渍法制备氯气吸附剂。在反应温度为常温、空速小于或等于1 000 h-1、进口氯气体积分数小于或等于400×10-6、出口氯气体积分数小于或等于0.1×10-6的条件下,吸附氯容量大于或等于11%。通过分析实验测得了热力学和动力学参数,结果表明,该吸附剂吸附氯气过程满足热力学的Fueundlich方程和动力学的Dubbin-Radushkevich方程,同时得出了有关吸附剂的反应机理。     

新型超高交联树脂对2-甲基-4-氯苯氧乙酸的吸附机理研究

在静态条件下,研究了水溶液中超高交联树脂ZZ和大孔吸附树脂Am berlite XAD-4吸附2-甲基-4-氯苯氧乙酸的热力学特性,测定了283K和323K温度下的吸附等温线。对两个温度下的吸附等温线的比较和热力学数据的计算,结果表明,在稀溶液中两种吸附剂对2-甲基-4-氯苯氧乙酸的吸附同时符合Langm u ir和F reund lich模型,并且两种吸附剂对2-甲基-4-氯苯氧乙酸的吸附都是放热过程。     

离子交换树脂的选择

一、问题的提出自1985年引滦河水以来,由于没有自然沉降过程,致使入管道水中泥砂含量很高。为了不影响软水设备出水量,我们将部分软水设备尼龙网由50目改为40目。交换剂选用大粒度的002×7阳离子交换树脂。经过一段时间的运行发现:001×7阳树脂及002×7阳树脂在氢交换系统的氢型树脂大量粉碎,粘在一起成块状,出水水质恶劣。而钠交换系统的钠型树脂却相对完好。1986年树脂耗损量高达100%。     

Cu-ACFS深度脱硫吸附剂的制备与性能

采用浸渍法制备了活性碳纤维(ACFS)负载CuC l的深度脱硫吸附剂Cu-ACFS。在常温常压下,研究了吸附剂对汽油模型溶液中噻吩硫的静态吸附脱硫性能,并优化了吸附剂的制备条件。结果表明,吸附剂的CuC l负载量随浸渍时间的延长刚开始增加很快,到24 h以后趋于平衡,吸附剂的脱硫率随着吸附剂中CuC l负载量的增加而增加,最高可达到89.29%,CuⅠ()在ACFS上的最优负载量为49.596 2 mg/g,对应吸附剂的硫吸附量为11.707 4 mg/g,处理后模型溶液的硫含量由179×10-6降低到30×10-6以下,且吸附剂的再生性能良好。     

蜡梅花头香的富集及其化学成分研究

用顶空和不同吸附剂吸附法收集蜡梅花的头香,并用GC-MS法对其进行了化学成分研究。对比了不同吸附剂在相同条件下对蜡梅花头香的吸附量与吸附成分。结果表明,不同吸附剂吸附的头香量和化学成分不同。大孔树脂的吸附量是0.22 g,且不具有蜡梅花香味,是自身分解物;阳离子交换树脂、凹凸棒石、活性炭、分子筛吸附量分别是0.52、0.42、0.26、0.29 g,检测出的化学成分种类分别是27、24、12、10种,且与蜡梅花的香味相似;后4种吸附剂所吸附的头香总成分约39种。凹凸棒石和阳离子交换树脂是蜡梅花头香成分的适宜吸附剂。     

离子交换树脂吸附苯酚的性能研究

研究了717强碱阴离子交换树脂对苯酚的吸附性能。结果表明,在pH=10~13时,吸附能力最好。等温吸附符合Freundlich和Langmuir经验式。在293~313 K条件下,苯酚吸附量为220~260 mg/g的吸附焓变为-13.69~-12.02 kJ/mol,吸附自由能变为-7.02~-7.21 kJ/mol,吸附熵变为-22.76~-15.37 J/(K.mol)。吸附动力学符合Lagergren准二级速率方程,吸附速率常数为8.5×10-4~2.74×10-3g/(mg.min),吸附活化能为44.1 kJ/mol。303 K下其静态累积饱和吸附容量为399.8 mg/g(4.253 mmol/g)。用0.05 mol/L HCl溶液能定量洗脱苯酚,洗脱率达99%。     

树脂吸附法处理7-ADCA生产中的废水研究

采用大孔树脂和离子交换树脂串联吸附的方法对7-ADcA生产废水进行处理,考察了各种吸附剂对处理结果的影响。实验结果表明：在吸附速率2．0Bv／h、解析速率0．8Bv／h、60％丙酮水溶液为解析剂的条件下,以HT-1600大孔树脂先行处理废水,之后在吸附速率2．5Bv／h、解析速率0．8BV／h、0．5％稀碱为解析剂条件下,以HT-008离子交换树脂处理废水中COD值,平均去除率达88．9％。     

硝酸银负载型阳离子交换树脂的制备及其对水溶液中溴离子的吸附研究

利用硝酸银溶液对D001大孔型磺酸基聚苯乙烯阳离子树脂进行浸渍处理,制备出硝酸银负载型阳离子交换树脂.将离子树脂作为载体,对水溶液中的溴离子进行吸附性能测试.通过改变吸附剂用量、吸附时间和吸附温度,探究不同吸附条件对吸附剂吸附水中溴离子性能的影响.结果表明:该吸附剂使用的优化条件为吸附剂添加量1 g、吸附时间40 min、吸附温度25℃.在该优化条件下,吸附剂对水中溴离子的吸附量为64.97 mg·g-1,吸附率可达99.96％.     

铁盐改性活性炭纤维常温脱除硫化氢的研究

研究了铁盐改性活性炭纤维(ACF)在常温下脱除硫化氢的性能及其影响因素.发现热处理后的硝酸铁改性ACF在常温下有较好的吸附性能(能够将氮气中9.5×10-4体积分数的H2S脱除到1×10-7体积分数以下),尤其是吸附剂CI-5H623的硫容量达到383.56 mg(H2S)/g(ACF);影响吸附性能的主要因素是吸附剂的含氧活性基团、湿度、孔结构和比表面积.氧化铁担载量和吸附剂的酸碱性对吸附硫化氢也有一定的影响.     

硝酸银负载型阳离子交换树脂的制备及其对水溶液中溴离子的吸附研究

利用硝酸银溶液对D001大孔型磺酸基聚苯乙烯阳离子树脂进行浸渍处理,制备出硝酸银负载型阳离子交换树脂.将离子树脂作为载体,对水溶液中的溴离子进行吸附性能测试.通过改变吸附剂用量、吸附时间和吸附温度,探究不同吸附条件对吸附剂吸附水中溴离子性能的影响.结果表明:该吸附剂使用的优化条件为吸附剂添加量1 g、吸附时间40 min、吸附温度25℃.在该优化条件下,吸附剂对水中溴离子的吸附量为64.97 mg·g-1,吸附率可达99.96％.     

Removal of Tartrazine From Water by Adsorption with Electrochemical Regeneration

An innovative process has been developed at University of the Manchester in order to remove organic contaminants from wastewater using graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) as adsorbents with electrochemical regeneration. The present study has demonstrated the removal of tartrazine, from water by adsorption and electrochemical regeneration. The adsorption of tartrazine onto GIC adsorbent was shown to be a quick process, however, with extremely low adsorption capacity compared to porous adsorbents. Low adsorption capacity of the adsorbent is being compensated by rapid electrochemical regeneration associated with low energy consumption that makes the process cost-effective. Regeneration efficiency of around 100% could be obtained in an electrochemical cell by passing a charge of 18 C g^?1 for 18 min through a 10-mm thick adsorbent bed. A series of adsorption and regeneration cycles showed that there was little loss in adsorbent capacity, demonstrating that tartrazine loaded GIC adsorbent could be effectively regenerated electrochemically.     

不同方法制备的镍基非加氢脱硫吸附剂的脱硫效果

针对不同方法制备的镍基非加氢脱硫吸附剂及改性前后的吸附性能进行评价。在常压下,以100×10-6噻吩的苯溶液为模型原料油,氧化镍作为吸附剂的活性组分,评价各吸附剂的脱硫性能,分析等温吸附曲线,改性前后、再生前后脱硫性能的变化规律。结果表明,不同方法制备的吸附剂吸附效果大不相同。沉淀法制备的吸附剂表面活性组分分布均匀,半峰宽较小,结晶度高,吸附硫容大,操作简便。助剂氧化锌的添加起到较好的助催化效果,且能增强活性组分与载体之间的相互作用。沉淀法制备的吸附剂的再生性能优异,能够很好的重复利用。     

Adsorption Equilibrium and Fixed Bed Adsorption of Aniline onto Polymeric Resin and Activated Carbons

The adsorption of aniline on several adsorbents including resin Sepabeads SP206 and activated carbons Jacobi and Norit, has been studied. The influence of temperature in the adsorption capacity was obtained by batch method. Langmuir and Bi-Langmuir were the best models to represent the equilibrium sorption isotherm of aniline in the resin and the activated carbons, respectively. Higher adsorption capacity was obtained for both activated carbons than that for resin, being the maximum adsorption capacity three times higher. Nevertheless, the aniline adsorption capacity onto resin is much more influenced by the temperature.

The dynamic behavior of aniline onto Sepabeads SP206 resin and activated carbon Jacobi was also studied. Breakthroughs and reverse breakthroughs were carried out in a laboratory-scale column to study the adsorbent regeneration. A Linear Driving Force (LDF) model was used to predict the experiments for the two adsorbents. The results demonstrated that Sepabeads SP206 resin can be easily regenerated by using water, while around 50% of aniline remains adsorbed in the activated carbon. Furthermore, after 4 cycles of adsorption-desorption, only around 60% of aniline can be recovered from the activated carbon Jacobi; this behavior can be explained by the aniline that is chemically adsorbed into the activated carbon.     

Regeneration and reusability of anion exchange resin used in perfluorooctane sulfonate removal by batch experiments

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has been increasingly considered an environmental micropollutant in recent years. The adsorption of PFOS by anion exchange resins and granular activated carbon was studied in this work. Additionally, the regeneration and reusability of the selected resin were further studied. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted well by the Freundlich isotherm for all adsorbents. PFA300 had the highest adsorption capacity (455 mg/g) and the fastest adsorption rate. Regeneration studies of PFA300 were conducted using different types of regeneration solutions. The regeneration efficiency of PFA300 exceeded 99%. Regenerated PFA300 was reused as an adsorbent and showed high PFOS removal efficiency for six cycles. In this study, PFA300 had the highest adsorption capacity as well as good regeneration and reusability. Therefore, PFA300 is a promising adsorbent that can be used to remove PFOS in aqueous solution. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 884‐890, 2013     

Pluronic F68胶束水溶液对稠环芳烃的增溶

PluronicF6 8嵌段共聚物在 5 0℃的水溶液中可形成外壳良好水化的胶束 ,其内核组成中PO和EO的质量分数分别为 80 %和 2 0 %。该胶束和稠环芳烃的结合能力顺序为芘 >蒽 >萘。三者在F6 8胶束和水相间的分配系数KV 分别为 8 74× 10 2 (芘 )、7 94× 10 2 (蒽 )和 2 5 4× 10 2(萘 )。     

Arsenic adsorption using copper (II) oxide nanoparticles

Arsenic poisoning is a major problem in today's life. To reduce its concentration in drinking water, different metal based compounds were explored as arsenic adsorbents. In the present study, copper (II) oxide nanoparticles were prepared by thermal refluxing technique and used as an adsorbent for arsenic removal from water. Characterization of the adsorbent using TEM, BET, XRD and FTIR implied that the prepared adsorbent was in nano size and had excellent adsorption behavior with surface area of 52.11 m²/g. Systematic adsorption experiments were carried out with different process parameters such as contact time, adsorbent mass, pH, temperature and stirring speed and found that copper (II) oxide had very good efficiency towards arsenic adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters and adsorption kinetics were studied in detailed to know the nature and mechanism of adsorption. Results showed that the adsorption process followed pseudo second order kinetic and endothermic behavior. Adsorption equilibrium was studied with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption process followed Langmuir isotherm with an adsorption capacity of 1086.2 μg/g. A regeneration study was proposed in order to reuse the adsorbent for better economy of the process. Finally, a process design calculation is reported to know the amount of adsorbent required for efficient removal of arsenic from aqueous medium.     

典型液体危化品吸附材料性能

目前用于典型液体危化品吸附的材料类型主要有树脂型和有机高聚物超细纤维型,两种类型中分别选取甲基丙烯酸酯吸油树脂和聚丙烯纤维吸附材料,对此两种吸附材料的吸附相关特性进行了对比实验研究,包括吸附倍率与时间的关系、吸附选择性以及循环吸附/解吸特性等。结果表明,两种吸附材料吸附甲苯的吸附平衡时间均为4 s左右,其中聚丙烯纤维吸附材料的平衡吸附倍率为17.82 g/g,为甲基丙烯酸酯吸油树脂的2.2倍;两种吸附材料都具有较好的吸附选择性;聚丙烯纤维吸附材料在吸附甲苯后能够通过挤压方式解吸附实现循环使用,平均解吸率在80%以上;甲基丙烯酸酯吸油树脂在吸附甲苯后无法通过挤压方式进行解吸附。实验结果将为基于吸附材料的水面液体危化品回收设备的研发奠定基础。     

Modeling of Adsorptive Filtration of a Leather Dye in a Fixed Bed Column

Abstract

Activated carbons offer an efficient option for the removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from water. However, due to its high costs and difficulty in the regeneration, other low cost adsorbents have been used. In this work, the adsorption capacity of an adsorbent carbon with high iron oxides concentration was compared with that of a commercial activated carbon in the removal of a leather dye from an aqueous solution. The adsorbents were characterized using SEM/EDAX analysis and BET surface area. The capacity of adsorption of the adsorbents was evaluated through the static method at 25°C. The results showed that the color removal was due to the adsorption and precipitation of the dye on the surface of the solids. The adsorption equilibrium was described according to the linear model for the adsorbent carbon and the equilibrium constant was 0.02 L g^?1. The equilibrium of adsorption on activated carbon exhibited a behavior typical of the Langmuir isotherm and the monolayer coverage was 24.33 mg g^?1. A mathematical model was proposed to describe the dynamics of the color removal using a fixed bed considering that the color removal is due to the adsorption and the precipitation of the dye on the adsorbent.     

丙烯丙烷吸附分离材料研究进展

在丙烯的生产过程中,因丙烯/丙烷的分子大小及挥发性较为接近而难以高效分离,其精馏分离过程能耗较高。变压吸附(PSA)技术作为一种高效的气体分离技术,其核心是高效吸附剂的开发。该文综述了近年来国内外关于丙烯/丙烷分离吸附剂的研究进展。重点介绍了分子筛、碳分子筛以及金属-有机骨架材料(MOFs)在丙烯/丙烷分离上的应用。详细阐述了影响多孔材料丙烯/丙烷吸附分离比的关键因素,并对比了几种吸附分离材料的优缺点。研究发现,应根据实际应用场合、原料气体的组成、丙烯/丙烷相对含量以及吸附材料的实际使用条件等来选择合适的吸附剂。最后,对丙烯/丙烷吸附分离材料的开发及其在实际中的应用进行了展望。