Metal-ferroelectric-insulator-semiconductor memory FET with long retention and high endurance

A ferroelectric memory field-effect transistor (FET) with a Pt-SrBi/sub 2/Ta/sub 2/O/sub 9/-Hf-Al-O-Si gate stack was fabricated and its electrical properties were characterized. The insulating and ferroelectric layers were successively deposited by a laser ablation technique. Excellent data retention characteristics were obtained. The drain currents of on- and off-states were measured as a function of time, after /spl plusmn/6 V poling voltage applied to the gate electrode. The current ratio of the on- and off-states was more than 10/sup 6/ even after 12 days. Moreover, after 10/sup 12/ cycles of /spl plusmn/8 V pulses, this ratio was also more than 10/sup 6/.     

基于NIOS Ⅱ的大规模矩阵开关的研制与应用

提出了基于NIOS Ⅱ处理器的大规模矩阵开关的设计原理与实现方法,介绍了矩阵开关的特点和结构,重点论述了NIOS Ⅱ处理器和矩阵开关电路的设计。最后,说明了设计的矩阵开关在板级测试系统中的应用及其效果。     

SS-TDMA switch matrices using optical technology

The principles and potential advantages of an optical switch matrix for use in an SS-TDMA microwave switching matrix subsystem are reviewed, and the relative merits of three optical switching techniques are compared. An INTELSAT sponsored programme is described that has demonstrated the feasibility and the problems of developing a compact, monolithic, optical switch matrix. RF performance generally exceeded that of switch matrices built using discrete microwave components. However, the switch matrix has a high insertion loss and requires temperature stabilization or compensation. To be practical, 1-3 micron of longer wavelength technology must be used.     

利用Bit-Slice技术实现ASON大容量交叉

研究了ASON大容量交叉的实现方法.首先说明了ASON大容量交叉的意义,确定了利用电-光-电的交叉实现方案.随后介绍了两种扩充交叉容量的方法:三级CLOS交叉矩阵与Bit-S1ice交叉矩阵.经比较选择Bit-Slice交叉矩阵实现大容量交叉并给出了方案的构成框图及各部分的功能描述.最后提出了实现更大容量交叉的建议与方法.     

Geometrical design considerations for a tree-structured optical switch matrix

The letter proposes an integrated N × N tree-structured optical switch matrix. The geometrical design considerations are described. Switch elements and connecting waveguides are arranged so that the required matrix length is almost as short as possible. The calculated length of the LiNbO3 switch matrix is shorter than that of the conventional crossbar matrix.     

共享缓冲在ATM交换矩阵中的研究与应用

排队策略与缓冲技术是交换矩阵设计的核心,同时也是交换矩阵时延产生的主要因素。共享缓冲对于减少数据缓冲容量极为重要,是目前大容量交换的基础。采用了Crossbar思想的零缓冲技术是时分交换与空分交换的融合,通过VHDL语言编程,提出了适合工程的小容量交换矩阵设计思路,并在工程中得到了检验。     

Low power CML IC crosspoint switch matrix for space division digital switching networks

Describes a crosspoint switch matrix which is constructed from CML gates for digitized video signals and p-n-p n-p-n transistor type holding circuits that hold the ON or OFF state of the CML gates. This holding circuit cuts off the power of the unselected crosspoints to reduce the total power dissipation of the switch matrix circuit. The CML IC crosspoint switch, with a 4/spl times/4 matrix size, is fabricated on a single chip. Dynamic test of the subsystem, in which fabricated switch matrices are connected in cascade stages, has indicated that it is applicable to high speed space division digital switching networks.     

基于偏振的光矩阵开关

提出了一种新型的基于偏振的光矩阵开关方法 ,通过控制光的偏振态实现严格无阻塞连接。以 4× 4光矩阵开关为例 ,详细给出了其节点开关和交换网络的实现方案。并对该 4× 4光矩阵开关进行实测 ,证明该方法制作的小规模光矩阵开关具有插损低 ,串话小 ,开关时间中等 ,性能稳定 ,工艺成熟等特点。     

Field-induced waveguides and their application to modulators

The fabrication and characterization of field-induced waveguides (FIGs) as well as guide/antiguide modulators which utilize the FIG concept are presented. Both theoretical and experimental results promise that a relatively strongly confined, low-loss optical waveguide can be achieved. By applying the appropriate bias to the modulator, a guiding or antiguiding situation can be created which corresponds to on- and off-states, respectively. An optical bandwidth from 1 to 1.55 μm, and a propagation loss of 1 dB at 1.3 μm has been achieved     

4×4热光SOI波导开关阵列

设计并制作了阻塞型和完全无阻塞型4×4热光SOI(silicon-on-insulator)波导开关阵列。开关单元采用了多模干涉耦合器(MMI)-MZI(Mach-Zehnder interferometer)结构的2×2光开关。阻塞型光开关附加损耗为4.8～5.4dB,串扰为-21.8dB～-14.5dB。完全无阻塞型光开关阵列附加损耗为6.6～9.6dB,串扰为-25.8～-16.8dB。两者的消光比都在17～25dB内变化,开关单元功耗小于230mW。器件的开关时间小于3μs。功耗和开关速度都明显优于SiO2基和聚合物基的开关阵列。     

Scalable RF MEMS Switch Matrices: Methodology and Design

This paper proposes new solutions for implementing wideband large switch matrices. These solutions are based on crossbar and L-shaped topologies. This paper introduces a high-performance wideband switch cell to build up scalable ${ N} times { N}$ switch matrices and gives an account of the design, fabrication, and characteristics of the switch cell and a 3$,times,$ 3 crossbar switch matrix. The chosen design procedure is seen to be appropriate since it produces valid measured results. In addition, this paper presents an RF microelectromechanical systems L-shaped switch matrix, which indicates less variation of characteristics for certain types of connectivity. It also demonstrates that for a 4$,times,$ 4 switch matrix, there is a 50% improvement in insertion loss and phase-shift variation.      

一种基于Clos网络的新型4×4全交换开关矩阵

文中首次将Clos网络结构应用于4×4全交换开关矩阵中,采用多芯片模组技术将低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)和双刀双掷芯片进行集成化设计。新设计克服了传统单刀四掷方案接口数量多、布线复杂的缺点,以更为简捷的拓扑形式实现了全交换功能。该设计结合LTCC多层堆叠工艺和具体芯片接口,给出了切实可行的叠层结构和互连方案,并以此研制出一款驻波优良、通道一致性好、隔离度高的C频段4×4开关矩阵。文中设计实现方法简单、可靠,适用于其他形式或更高频率的开关矩阵设计。     

A thermally-actuated latching MEMS switch matrix and driver chip for an automated distribution frame

This paper presents a thermally-actuated latching MEMS switch matrix together with an integrated driver chip for controlling these switches. The novel thermal actuators are heated by making use of a polysilicon heater underneath the structure, which results in a more stable actuation and a facilitated driving. The designed driver can generate adjustable latching waveforms which are needed to latch the switch into a closed or open state. As the thermal actuators in the MEMS switch require voltages up to 24 V, the high-voltage 0.35 µm  I3T50 technology of ON Semiconductor was used to fabricate the device. The driver, measuring 2 × 2 mm², contains 32 output drivers and can control a 4 × 4 latching switch matrix. This driver chip together with the latching MEMS switches were combined to create a prototype 2 × 2 double-pole single-throw latching MEMS switch matrix. The proposed MEMS switch matrix could be used in the fixed-access telecommunication network in which it can implement a compact automated distribution frame for connecting twisted pairs.     

相控阵发射系统中幅相校准方法研究

提出了一种相控阵发射系统中闭环幅相校准开关阵的方案。从工程实现的角度介绍了校准开关阵的设备组成、特点和性能,论述了相控阵发射系统中幅相校准的原理、分类和实现方式,并详细推导单信道实现幅相检测的算法。该算法利用同一信道幅相误差稳定的特点,建立多组功率测量值的方程,并联立求解出各通道相对基准信道的幅度差和相位差。理论分析和工程实践均验证了该方案的有效性和实用性。     

Discrete-Time Queuing Analysis of Dual-Plane ATM Switch with Synchronous Connection Control

In this paper, we propose an ATM switch with the rate more than gigabits per second to cope with future broadband service environments. The basic idea is to separate the connection control flow from the data information flow inside the switch. The proposed switch has a dual-plane switch matrix with the synchronous control algorithm. The queuing behaviors of the proposed switch are shown by the discrete-time queuing analysis. Numerical analyses are taken both in the non-blocking crossbar switch and the banyan switch with internal blocking. Results show that a proposed dual-plane 16×16 switch would have the acceptable performance with maximum throughput of about 95 percent.     

集成光波导开关阵列真延时模块设计

阐述了光波导真延时器件的工作原理及其在相控阵雷达中的应用,通过氟化聚酰亚胺聚合物条形光波导和光开关阵列的集成,提出了一种集成光波导开关阵列真延时模块的设计方案,将光波导和开关阵列集成在一个基片上,具有集成度高、体积小、成本低、一致性好、插入损耗小等诸多优点.并根据光开关的种类分析了光学真延时模块的拓扑结构,改进了光开关和光波导的组合模式.     

A Wide-Band Satellite Microwave Switch Matrix for SS/TDMA Communications

A lightweight, broad-band, 8 × 8 crossbar microwave switch matrix (MSM) has been developed for satellite-switched timedivision multiple-access (SS/TDMA) operation anywhere in the 6 GHz up-link and/or 4 GHz down-link bands. The nearly transparent performance characteristics in the 3.5-6.5 GHz band, for any of the highly flexible interconnect possibilities, have been facilitated by the design of a low-power-consuming resistively matched PIN diode switch. Broad-band push-pull connectors are used to simplify assembly and disassembly of this modular three-dimensional matrix. The switch control electronics (SCE) circuits have been implemented as custom-designed LSI chips for integration within the MSM input distribution networks. Design considerations and performance characteristics of the satellite switch matrix are presented.     

X波段2×3平面开关矩阵设计

提出一种设计平面开关矩阵的方法。通过使用单刀单掷(SPST)芯片开关、芯片功分器和0 dB定向耦合器等简单电路实现开关矩阵的平面拓扑。由于射频电路使用键合工艺将芯片、微带无源电路进行连接,因此与传统开关矩阵相比,具有体积小、重量轻、工艺简单、可靠性高的特点。最后通过对一个X波段2×3平面开关矩阵设计和测试,证明了该设计的有效性。     

Routing on field-programmable switch matrices

In this paper, we address the problem of routing nets on field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) interconnected by a switch matrix. We extend the switch matrix architecture proposed by Zhu et al. (1993) to route nets between FPGA chips in a multi-FPGA system. Given a limited number of routing resources in the form of programmable connection points within a two-dimensional switch matrix, this problem examines the issue of how to route a given net traffic through the switch matrix structure. First, we define the problem as a general undirected graph in which each vertex has one single color among six possible colors and formulate it as a constraint satisfaction problem. This is further modeled as a 0-1 multidimensional knapsack problem for which a fast approximate solution is applied. Experimental results show that the accuracy of our proposed heuristic is quite high for moderately large switch matrices.     

Cascaded Microresonator-Based Matrix Switch for Silicon On-Chip Optical Interconnection

This paper reviews developments in cascaded microresonator-based matrix switches for silicon photonic interconnection networks in many-core computing applications. Specifically, we emphasize our recently proposed 5 times 5 matrix switch comprising two-dimensionally cascaded microring resonator-based electrooptic switches coupled to a waveguide cross-grid on a silicon chip. The cross-grid adopts low-loss low-crosstalk multimode-interference-based waveguide crossings. Such a microresonator-based matrix switch offers nonblocking interconnections among multiple inputs and multiple outputs, with the key merits of i) a tens to hundreds of micrometers-scale footprint, ii) gigabit/second-scale data transmission, iii) nanosecond-speed circuit-switching, iv) 100-muW-scale DC power consumption per link, and v) large-scale integration for networks-on-chips applications. We analyze in detail the microring resonator-based cross-grid switch design for high-data-rate signal transmission in the context of our proposed 5 times 5 matrix switch. We also study the feasibility of large-scale integration of the matrix switch. We report proof-of-concept experiments of a single cross-grid switch element and a 2 times 2 matrix switch, propose design guidelines, and discuss future engineering challenges.