循环利用铬鞣废液中的中性盐

本文研究了在循环利用的铬鞣废液中ＣＩ＾－、ＳＯ４＾２－、Ｎａ＾＋等的变化规律。研究结果表明,在循环利用的铬鞣废液中,其中性盐只是在循环利用的初期有变化,如果在前几次循环利用过程中,对皮革的质量不产生影响,那么在以后的循环过程中也不会对皮革的产品质量产生影响。     

废铬治理技术研究进展

对电镀废铬液、铬鞣废液以及工业中其它含铬废料中的铬治理技术的研究进展作一综述，以期对今后的环保工作有所裨益。     

铬鞣废液的回收利用方法综述

对目前国内外铬鞣废液的回收利用研究及方法进行了综述与比较，铬鞣废液的直接循环使用较回收铬的更易在制革厂实施。     

含栲胶铬鞣废液含铬量测定方法研究

针对常规碘量法在测定含栲胶铬鞣废液含铬量时测不准的缺陷，对测定方法进行了改进，建立了新的测定方法。新方法首先对待测废液进行预处理，使栲胶颜色浅化，消除其对测定结果的影响，然后将三价铬氧化成六价铬，再用碘量法进行滴定。对含黑荆树皮栲胶、落叶松栲胶、橡梳栲胶铬鞣废液含铬量进行测定的验证性实验结果表明，用新方法测定的变异系数为0．30％～0．61％，回收率在99．5％～101．8％范围内，表明该方法精密度高，抗干扰能力强。方法简单、方便、快速，实验成本低，可操作性强，测定结果准确，可满足制革生产及环境控制中铬分析的要求。     

铬鞣废液的回收利用方法综述

对目前国内外铬鞣废液的回收利用研究及方法进行了综述与比较,铬鞣废液的直接循环使用较回收铬的方法更易在制革厂实施.     

铬鞣机理的研究(续)

4 用光谱法研究铬和胶原的相互作用4.1 圆二色谱不含平面和中心对称的分子对左右圆偏振光的吸收是不相同的,园二色谱可以根据这种差异得到关于分子结构的信息.图1-4是可溶性的完整胶原和脱氨基的胶原的圆二色谱图.温度变化范围是10～45℃.示意图颜色的不同反映了温度对胶原三股螺旋结构构象的影响,其转折点被认为是胶原分子的溶解温度.     

废铬鞣液无压滤回收工艺

针对铬鞣废液回收利用最常用的碱沉淀法所存在的问题，研制出新型复合沉淀剂。简化后的回收工艺，取消了板框压滤，回收处理效果良好。     

变型二浴铬鞣法的废液中铬含量的测定方法

研究了变型二浴法的鞣制废液中，铬含量测定的化学分析方法。     

宝斯卡铬鞣废液循环工艺技术在绵羊皮铬鞣过程中的应用

将宝斯卡铬鞣废液循环工艺技术应用在绵羊皮铬鞣过程中,在试验研究绵羊皮铬鞣操作废液循环利用工艺的基础上,系统检测并分析循环操作液的特征组分含量变化规律,同时也对相应蓝湿革的基本品质进行了综合评判。试验结果表明：操作循环液中Cr₂O₃、总有机碳、COD_Cr和氨氮等含量指标各自均有一定规律性的变化,并随循环次数的增加趋于累积平衡;操作液在循环过程中能够完全抑制六价铬的产生,所得绵羊蓝湿革品质稳定,其综合性能与常规铬鞣蓝湿革基本接近。研究结果揭示了绵羊皮铬鞣工序实施废液循环工艺技术的可行性与安全性,通过效益评估显示宝斯卡铬鞣废液循环技术在绵羊皮铬鞣工艺中推广应用具有显著的经济与环境效益。     

Regulating the disposal of cigarette butts as toxic hazardous waste

The trillions of cigarette butts generated each year throughout the world pose a significant challenge for disposal regulations, primarily because there are millions of points of disposal, along with the necessity to segregate, collect and dispose of the butts in a safe manner, and cigarette butts are toxic, hazardous waste. There are some hazardous waste laws, such as those covering used tyres and automobile batteries, in which the retailer is responsible for the proper disposal of the waste, but most post-consumer waste disposal is the responsibility of the consumer. Concepts such as extended producer responsibility (EPR) are being used for some post-consumer waste to pass the responsibility and cost for recycling or disposal to the manufacturer of the product. In total, 32 states in the US have passed EPR laws covering auto switches, batteries, carpet, cell phones, electronics, fluorescent lighting, mercury thermostats, paint and pesticide containers, and these could be models for cigarette waste legislation. A broader concept of producer stewardship includes EPR, but adds the consumer and the retailer into the regulation. The State of Maine considered a comprehensive product stewardship law in 2010 that is a much better model than EPR. By using either EPR or the Maine model, the tobacco industry will be required to cover the cost of collecting and disposing of cigarette butt waste. Additional requirements included in the Maine model are needed for consumers and businesses to complete the network that will be necessary to maximise the segregation and collection of cigarette butts to protect the environment.     

Chromium release from waste incineration air-pollution-control residues

Cr release overtime was investigated in batch experiments for eleven air-pollution-control residues from eight different municipal solid waste incinerators covering all majorflue gas cleaning technologies. Cr released during 168 h of contact with water showed significant variations among the residues studied. Also for the individual residue, large variations were observed depending on the liquid-to-solid ratio used in the leaching test and the degree of carbonation. It is argued that Al(0) present in the residues can control Cr leaching by reducing Cr(VI) released from the solid phase by dissolution and that exposure to oxygen-either prior to or during the leaching test-depletes the reduction capacity of Al(0) leading to increased Cr leaching. A dynamic model is shown to describe Cr release from all investigated residues by accounting for Al(0) oxidation with Cr(VI), O2, and water as well as Cr(VI) dissolution. The paper reveals that Al-O2-Cr(VI) interactions must be considered very carefully when interpreting Cr leaching data.     

胶粘物控制酶在废纸处理中的应用

采用单因素变量的研究方法探索生物酶的最优工艺条件,并研究生物酶Optimyze525处理废纸胶粘物的效果。结果表明：生物酶的最佳工艺条件为：温度40℃,作用时间4h,PH8．5,酶的用量0．3％;将其应用在废纸处理中,能有效降低胶粘物含量。     

Release of CFC-11 from disposal of polyurethane foam waste

The halocarbon CFC-11 has extensively been used as a blowing agent for polyurethane (PUR) insulation foams in home appliances and for residential and industrial construction. Release of CFCs is an important factor in the depletion of the ozone layer. For CFC-11 the future atmospheric concentrations will mainly depend on the continued release from PUR foams. Little is known about rates and time frames of the CFC release from foams especially after treatment and disposal of foam containing waste products. The CFC release is mainly controlled by slow diffusion out through the PUR. From the literature and by reevaluation of an old reported experiment, diffusion coefficients in the range of 0.05-1.7 x 10(-14) m2 s-1 were found reflecting differences in foam properties and experimental designs. Laboratory experiments studying the distribution of CFC in the foam and the short-term releases after shredding showed that about 40% of the CFC is solubilized in the PUR phase, and that up to 10% of the total content will be released within a few weeks if the foam is shredded down to 2-cm sized pieces. For smaller pieces the quick release will be larger. Fifty percent of residual CFC content will be released within 9-300 years from 2-cm pieces based on the range in diffusion coefficients reported. For larger pieces the initial release is insignificant, and the release time frames are much longer than for the shredded foam.