染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池TiO2薄膜的研究进展

主要从染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池（以下简介DSCs）的工作原理出发，分别对染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池中纳米多孔TiO2薄膜的最新研究和实验进行了讨论，并指出了纳米多孔TiO2薄膜研究中所存在的、影响电池效率的一些主要问题，以及可能的解决方法。     

染料敏化太阳电池基底的选择和工艺分析

染料敏化太阳电池是由透明导电玻璃、纳米晶TiO2多孔薄膜、电解质溶液以及镀Pt对电极构成的"三明治"式结构.染料敏化太阳电池基底的选择对DSSC电池的光电性能和成本具有重要研究价值和实用意义.本文对当前染料敏化太阳电池研究领域常用基底进行了比较和工艺分析.     

大面积染料敏化太阳电池及其应用研究

以大面积并联染料敏化太阳电池为例讨论了大面积染料敏化太阳电池的设计方法,简要介绍了课题组建设大面积染料敏化太阳电池中试线的基本情况.针对未来染料敏化太阳电池在光伏建筑一体化(BIPV)领域的应用,结合电池的可见光透光率,模拟计算不同透光率下染料敏化太阳电池的输出性能,分析了染料敏化太阳电池转换效率随电池透光率的变化规律,并给出了最优化设计方案,为未来染料敏化太阳电池的应用提供理论基础.     

染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池最新研究和产业化前景

对染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池目前的研究和发展现状进行了总结和评述，并对其工业化前景进行了探讨。介绍了我国在染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池产业化研究中的最新进展和成果。     

薄膜太阳电池的研究进展及应用前景

阐述了非晶硅薄膜电池、多晶硅薄膜电池、锑化镉薄膜电池、铜铟镓硒薄膜太阳电池和染料敏化TiO2太阳电池的研究现状,简要介绍了我国薄膜太阳电池研究的进展,指出了太阳电池在我国的应用前景。     

大面积染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池的研制

介绍我所在大面积染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池的详细设计思路和制作方法，并比较内部串联DSCs和内部并联DSCs在实用化制作和测试中的性能差异。介绍我所在大面积染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池的最新研究成果。     

染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池的新型对电极研究

研究了用金属基板和塑料薄膜制作的4种新型对电极和由这些对电极构成的染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池的性能。由不锈钢、镍片和导电聚合物膜为基材的对电极构成的太阳电池的光电转换效率近5％；不锈钢对电极可以通过降低内阻来改善大面积染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池的光电转换效率。此外,测试了这些金属基板和塑料薄膜在电解质溶液中的耐腐蚀性和稳定性；考察了由不锈钢和导电聚合物膜对电极构成的染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池的长期性能稳定性,并提出了改善这些新型对电极的长期性能稳定性的途径。     

染料敏化纳米ZnO薄膜太阳电池研究进展

叙述了染料敏化纳米ZnO薄膜太阳电池的研究进展。主要讨论了电子注入、dye/Zn2 的团聚等影响染料敏化纳米ZnO薄膜太阳电池效率的关键问题。最后给出了提高此类太阳电池效率的可能途径。     

钙钛矿型多晶薄膜太阳电池(1)

<正>0引言多年来,硅晶片太阳电池一直是光伏太阳电池领域的主流。为进一步降低太阳电池的发电成本,从上世纪70年代起,陆续发展了几种薄膜太阳电池,包括:硅基薄膜电池、碲化镉薄膜电池、铜铟镓硒电池、染料敏化电池和有机薄膜电池等。虽然经过多年的努力,薄膜电池在研发方面取得了重要进展,但都尚未达到预期的目标。或是由于电池效率不够高,研发进展缓慢;或是由于电池组分中含有稀有元素,成本降不下来,将来也恐难满足大规模太阳电     

纳米晶TiO_2光阳极修饰及光电子复合效应

对染料敏化纳米晶TiO_2薄膜太阳电池的光阳极进行了不同方法的TiCl_4修饰处理,测量了各种修饰处理下的TiO_2太阳电池的光电转换性能。通过准分子脉冲激光(λ=248nm)和氙灯辐照下的开路光电压V_∝随时间的衰减关系,分别研究了单色脉冲和多色连续光激发下的染料敏化TiO_2太阳电池的光电子复合效应,从中明确了TiCl_4修饰对染料敏化TiO_2太阳电池暗电流的调制所起的重要作用。     

Fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells by transplanting highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays

Highly ordered TiO₂ nanotube arrays fabricated by anodization are very attractive to dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) due to their superior charge percolation and slower charge recombination. However, the efficiency of TiO₂-nanotube-based DSCs is 6.89%, which is still lower than that of TiO₂-nanoparticle-based DSCs. We have suggested the transplanting the highly ordered TiO₂ nanotube arrays to FTO glass to improve the performance of TiO₂-nanotube-based DSCs. DSCs based on transplanted TiO₂ nanotube arrays and TiO₂ nanoparticles were fabricated by same process and materials to exclude the unexpected factors. In TiO₂ thickness of ca. 15 μm, the efficiency of 2.91% in front-side illuminated DSCs based on TiO₂ nanotube arrays was higher than those in back-side illuminated DSCs based on TiO₂ nanotube arrays and in front-side illuminated DSCs based on TiO₂ nanoparticle. Front-side illuminated DSCs based on TiO₂ nanotube arrays having various thicknesses were successfully fabricated. The efficiency in DSCs having 20.0 μm thick TiO₂ nanotube arrays was improved to 5.36% by TiCl₄ treatment.     

The superiority of Ti plate as the substrate of dye-sensitized solar cells

The photovoltaic properties of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) based on several types of substrates, FTO, Ti and stainless steel, were investigated. The sheet resistances of the substrates were correlated to the photovoltaic properties. The efficiency of the DSC using Ti substrate was higher than that of the DSCs using stainless steel and FTO. For the large-size DSCs based on FTO, the metal track is an important component to retain the decrease in cell performance due to the relatively high sheet resistance of FTO. To minimize the internal resistance of DSCs, the Ti sheet was used as a support of nano-crystalline TiO₂ due to the low sheet resistance. Although the IPCE of DSCs based on Ti substrate was lower than that of DSCs based on FTO in the range from 400 to 500 nm, the DSC based on Ti substrate showed the higher IPCE in red region due to the light reflecting on Ti substrate. The efficiency of 3.2% for the DSC based on Ti substrate was obtained with a Jsc , Voc 0.75 V, and FF 0.610. This result shows that the Ti plate has superiority for producing the large DSCs without metal track and reduces the cost of DSCs.     

Low-Pt-loading acetylene-black cathode for high-efficient dye-sensitized solar cells

We reported on the synthesis, characterization, and photovoltaic/electrochemical properties of Pt/acetylene-black (AB) cathode as well as their application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The Pt/AB electrode was prepared through a thermal decomposition of H₂PtCl₆ on the AB substrate. SEM and TEM observations showed that the Pt nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed on the AB surface. The Pt-loading content in the Pt/AB electrode was only about 2.0 μg cm⁻², which was much lower than 5–10 μg cm⁻² generally used for the Pt electrode in DSCs. Electrochemical measurements displayed a low charge-transfer resistance of 1.48 Ω cm² for the Pt/AB electrode. Furthermore, when this low-Pt-loading electrode was used as the cathode of DSCs, an overall light-to-electricity energy conversion efficiency of 8.6% was achieved, showing commercially realistic energy conversion efficiency in the application of DSCs.     

NiS基对电极染料敏化太阳电池性能的研究

分别以纳米氧化镍和镍盐为原料,合成硫化镍(NiS)纳米材料,将其掺入聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PEDOT-PSS)溶液中,作为对电极材料制备DSCs.研究不同对电极材料的染料敏化太阳电池的光电性能.结果表明,2种合成方法制备的电极材料,都可有效提升器件性能,其中水热法合成NiS制作的NiS/PEDOT...     

循环式小型空调器冷凝废热热水器的研制

本文对小型空调器的冷凝废热进行了计算和分析,研制出了循环式小型空调器冷凝废热热水器,测试和应用表明,循环式小型空调器冷凝废热热水器是一种可以市场化的产品。     

Reduced graphene oxide films as transparent counter-electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells

Stand-alone graphene-based films were prepared from graphene oxide (GO) nanoplatelets and their use as counter-electrodes (CEs) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) was investigated. The graphene-based CEs were produced by spray deposition of GO and chemically reduced GO, followed by thermal annealing under an inert atmosphere. These GO-based CEs were shown to have similar transparency as a reference CE made of Pt. Consistent with impedance data from symmetrical half-cells, DSCs assembled with such GO-based CEs exhibited relative efficiencies of ca. 75% comparatively to the reference Pt CE. The possibility of obtaining transparent (transmittance higher than 80%) and reasonable catalytic films for DSCs (energy conversion efficiency of 2.64%) from GO nanoplatelets was demonstrated. The need for reduction of the graphene oxide nanoplatelets prior to deposition was not observed, allowing for a simplified CE manufacturing process. However, further work is still needed to equal or surpass the performance of Pt CEs.     

Application of mesoporous carbon to counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells

The mesoporous carbons were prepared by the carbonation of the triblock copolymer F127/phloroglucinol-formaldehyde composite self-assembled in an acid medium and employed as the catalyst for triiodide reduction in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The characteristics of mesoporous carbon were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, N₂ sorption measurement and X-ray diffraction. The mesoporous carbon with low crystallinity exhibited Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of 400 m² g⁻¹, pore diameter of 6.8 nm and pore volume of 0.63 cm³ g⁻¹. The photovoltaic performances of DSCs with mesoporous carbon counter electrode were improved by increasing the carbon loading on counter electrode due to the charge-transfer resistance of mesoporous carbon counter electrode decreasing with the increase of the carbon loading. However, further carbon loading increase has no obvious effect on the photovoltaic performance of DSCs with carbon electrode when carbon loading exceeds 300 μg cm⁻². The overall conversion efficiency of 6.18% was obtained by DSCs composed of mesoporous carbon counter electrode with the carbon loading of 339 μg cm⁻². This value is comparable to that of DSCs with conventional platinum counter electrode.     

Method for fabricating the compact layer in dye-sensitized solar cells by titanium sputter deposition and acid-treatments

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) have been put forward as a potential low-cost alternative to the widely used silicon solar cells, which are subject to cost limitations. However, some problems need to be solved in order to enhance the efficiency of DSCs. In particular, the electron recombination occurred by the contact between the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) and a redox electrolyte is one of the main limiting factors of efficiency. Accordingly, a compact layer plays an important role in realizing highly efficient DSCs because it improves the adhesion of the TiO₂ to the TCO and provides a larger contact area and more effective electron transfer by preventing electron recombination. In this work, the fabrication of a TiO₂ compact layer using Ti sputter deposition and acid-treatment was investigated rather than the conventional method, which uses a TiCl₄ aqueous solution. The acid-treatment of the sputtered Ti film actively oxidized the Ti particles. As a result, such a cell exhibited an additional 1.3% in total efficiency compared to the standard DSC without a compact layer. These improvements are not inferior to those obtained by the conventional fabrication method using a TiCl₄ aqueous solution.     

氧化钛纳米管对DSCs电池性能的影响

主要从DSCs的工作原理出发,比较了TiO2纳米管(特别是规则和单晶纳米管)相比于传统的TiO2纳米颗粒作为DSCs的半导体氧化物的优点;介绍了TiO2纳米管的不同制备工艺过程;比较了不同制备工艺的优缺点;并指出了目前TiO2纳米管DSCs的研究和应用中的问题.     

Doubled layered ITO/SnO2 conducting glass for substrate of dye-sensitized solar cells

The effects of indium tin oxide (ITO) and ITO/SnO₂ conducting substrates on photovoltaic properties of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) using nanocrystalline TiO₂ were studied. The decrease in fill factor of the DSCs was correlated to the increase in resistance of conducting substrate. The heat stability of ITO conducting glass was improved by depositing SnO₂ on ITO layer. The efficiency of the cells using double layered ITO/SnO₂ substrate remarkably increased comparing with that of the cells using ITO substrates. It is worth mentioning that increasing in sintering time, which enhanced the electronic contact between substrate and TiO₂, also modified the cell performance of MP-TiO₂ cells. Our experimental finding suggests that 3000 Å ITO substrate, which was covered by 1000 Å SnO₂ layer, exhibited the best properties for the DSCs.