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1.
《Food Control》2016
Recent outbreaks with fresh produce have raised questions regarding management of quality and safety in the complex supply chains, where cooperatives play a central role. The overall objective of this article was to investigate the role of cooperatives in food quality and safety management in the fresh produce chain, focussing on the food safety management systems implemented on the farms. More specifically, we raise the question how a more market-like or a more hierarchy-like governance of transactions via cooperatives affect the quality and safety management system of the members. The research employed case studies in four cooperatives in Belgium and the Netherlands, each with different size and per cent of contractual sales. Data was collected with a diagnostic tool for assessment of food safety management systems (FSMS) on the farms, and semi-structured interviews with the quality assurance managers of the cooperative firms. Twenty-eight strawberry farms were assessed with the diagnostic tool, seven per each cooperative. Cooperatives play a double role in managing quality and safety in the food supply chain. They are responsible for the supply chain management, including tactical decisions about coordination of quality and safety requirements between customers, cooperative firms and their farmers. At the same time, they are selling the products of their members and make strategic decisions about the governance of transactions in the supply chain, which ultimately may have an impact on the supply chain management and the FSMS on the farms. Farmers in cooperatives with more hierarchical relationships showed better operation of control activities (score 3), and advanced assurance activities at score 4 (advanced level), more science-based, adapted and tested for their effectiveness. This was associated with more effort put in supply chain management by the cooperative to support collaboration and coordination in the chain. However, the largest cooperative had moderate scores for several key control functions, suggesting that large cooperatives with complex business functions may suffer from lower commitment of members, leading to lower FSMS performance at farms. 相似文献
2.
《Food Control》2016
The globalization of trade in fish has created many challenges for the developing world specifically with regard to food safety and quality. International organisations have established a good basis for standards in international trade. Whilst these requirements are frequently embraced by the major importers (such as Japan, the EU and the USA), they often impose additional safety requirements and regularly identify batches which fail to meet their strict standards. Creating an effective national seafood control system which meets both the internal national needs as well the requirements for the export market can be challenging. Many countries adopt a dual system where seafood products for the major export markets are subject to tight control whilst the majority of the products (whether for the local market or for more regional trade) are less tightly controlled. With regional liberalization also occurring, deciding on appropriate controls is complex. In the Sultanate of Oman, fisheries production is one of the countries' chief sources of economic revenue after oil production and is a major source of the national food supply. In this paper the structure of the fish supply chain has been analysed and highlighted the different routes operating for the different markets. Although much of the fish are consumed within Oman, there is a major export trade to the local regional markets. Much smaller quantities meet the more stringent standards imposed by the major importing countries and exports to these are limited. The paper has considered the development of the Omani fish control system including the key legislative documents and the administrative structures that have been developed. Establishing modern controls which satisfy the demands of the major importers is possible but places additional costs on businesses. Enhanced controls such as HACCP and other management standards are required but can be difficult to justify when alternative markets do not specify these. These enhanced controls do however provide additional consumer protection and can bring benefits to local consumers. The Omani government is attempting to upgrade the system of controls and has made tremendous progress toward the implementation of HACCP and introducing enhanced management systems into its industrial sector. The existence of strengthened legislative and government support, including subsidies, has encouraged some businesses to implement HACCP. The current control systems have been reviewed and an SWOT analysis approach used to identify key factors for their future development. The study shows that seafood products in the supply chain are often exposed to lengthy handling and distribution process before reaching the consumers, a typical issue faced by many developing countries. As seafood products are often perishable, they safety is compromised if not adequately controlled. The enforcement of current food safety laws in the Sultanate of Oman is shared across various government agencies. Consequently, there is a need to harmonize all regulatory requirements, enhancing the domestic food protection and to continue to work towards a fully risk-based approach in order to compete successfully in the global market. 相似文献
3.
Testing improvements in the chocolate traceability system: Impact on product recalls and production efficiency 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Rolando SaltiniRenzo Akkerman 《Food Control》2012,23(1):221-226
The primary aim of food traceability is to increase food safety, but traceability systems can also bring other benefits to production systems and supply chains. In the literature these benefits are extensively discussed, but studies that quantify them are scarce. In this paper we propose two hypothetical improvements of the traceability system within the chocolate production system and supply chain and we illustrate the resulting benefits by using a case study. Based on the case study, we quantify the influence of these improvements on production efficiency and recall size in case of a safety crisis by developing a simulation tool. These results are aimed to illustrate and quantify the additional benefits of traceability information, and could help food industries in deciding whether and how to improve their traceability systems. 相似文献
4.
《Food Control》2017
In the current era, food chains are becoming increasingly complex and consumer concerns about food safety are growing. As a result, consumers tend to rely heavily on chain actors to ensure the quality of the products they consume. Given this background, this study was conducted with a view to understanding the level of consumers' trust in vegetable supply chain members and how trust influences the consumers' behavioural responses. This paper is based on data obtained from 854 respondents in south-west Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The results revealed that the level of trust placed in chain members varied across the chain. Respondents considered that domestic producers are more trustworthy in terms of producing safer vegetables and the lowest trust level was associated with imported vegetables. Gender, household size, years of stay in Australia, trust perceptions, and country of origin concerns had a significant influence on the respondents’ intentions to pay a premium price for domestically produced vegetables. The study revealed that consumers respond to food safety concerns and this creates an opportunity for the vegetable industry to respond to these concerns. 相似文献
5.
文章以几种特定条件下的试验检测结果为依据,通过对有关电路及性能的比较,分析了GM300和GM338两种Motorola电台及话筒分别在不同的同步系统上应用时存在差异的原因。不仅分析了在SDB2000系统原配GM300电台上使用GM338话筒造成工作不稳定的原因,而且提供了解决问题的方法。 相似文献
6.
GM300是美国Motorola公司90年代初期开发生产的多功能、高质量的专业型车载电台,由于其性能稳定,得到了广泛使用.本文简要介绍了GM300的工作原理,并对该电台的各主要电路的常见故障进行了剖析. 相似文献
7.
盆地内多种能源矿产共存富集成藏(矿)的成因联系和分布规律的研究,是能源学科的发展趋势和前沿研究的一个重要方向。在国内外文献调研以及前人关于流体研究的基础上,对油、气、煤和铀等多种矿产同盆共存富集的地质流体及地球化学资料进行综合分析,分别研究了水化学指标、铁离子含量、有机质丰度和还原硫指标、微量元素及粘土矿物等指标对多种能源矿产共存富集的影响,初步建立了盆地内多种能源矿产共存富集的流体判别标志体系。 相似文献
8.
基于改进的GM(1,1)模型的高分辨率声波测井数据滤波处理 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
高分辨率声波测井数据中包含了大量与地层无关的干扰信号,这些干扰信号会导致测井数据与岩心分析得到的孔隙度的匹配性变差,从而降低了所构建的孔隙度模型精度。在分析GM(1,1)模型灰色滤波方法和步骤的基础上,对其进行了改进,即通过修正模型中的k值来提高灰色模型的预测精度,并利用改进的GM(1,1)模型对实际高分辨率声波数据进行了滤波处理。结果表明,采用改进的GM(1,1)模型对高分辨声波测井数据进行滤波处理能够有效降低随机干扰噪声,提高声波测井数据与岩心分析数据的相关性。 相似文献
9.
近年来,中国天然气对外依存度快速增长,2016年已达33.4%。在天然气进口的过程中会面临各种风险,由于地理位置、经济环境、资源禀赋等的差异,中国从不同国家和地区进口天然气的风险并不完全相同。为此,以供应链为基础,构建了中国天然气进口风险指标体系,并使用熵权法计算指标权重,进而计算了中国2011—2014年从不同国家进口天然气的风险。研究结果表明:(1)2011—2014年,中国天然气进口风险总体呈上升趋势,其中陆上管道进口风险总体上小于海上进口风险;(2)从进口来源的角度分析,从土库曼斯坦进口天然气的风险最大,其次是卡塔尔、也门、乌兹别克斯坦、马来西亚、印度尼西亚、澳大利亚等国家。结论认为:中国应从优化天然气进口来源、加强天然气运输通道安全、扩大海外天然气开发投资、培养天然气自给能力等4个方面着手,降低天然气进口的风险,从而保证天然气供应的持续性和稳定性。 相似文献
10.
《Food Control》2015
Efficient detection strategies for genetically modified (GM) crops are required to effectively address some of the biosafety and post-release monitoring issues, as global adoption of GM crops has been unprecedently increased. Herbicide tolerance and insecticide resistance are the major traits in commercialized GM food crops. Visual as well as real-time detection system based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) targeting lepidopteron insect resistant cry1Ac, cry2Ab2 and glyphosate tolerant cp4-epsps genes has been reported. Specificity of LAMP assays were confirmed using fourteen GM events of four crops, namely, corn (MON810, NK603, Bt11, Bt176, MON89034), cotton (MON531, MON15985, GFM-cry1A, Event1, MLS9124, MON1445, MON15985 × MON88913), eggplant (EE1) and soybean (GTS40-3-2). Real-time LAMP was found sensitive enough to detect as low as 2 copies for cry1Ac and 4 copies for cry2Ab2 and cp4-epsps within 35 min using a calibration curve. The limit of detection (LOD) of visual LAMP assays was down to 0.01% (4 copies of GM content) which is lower than conventional PCR (detecting 40–400 copies depending on target). LAMP assays are faster and more user-friendly than conventional PCR and could be efficiently utilized for monitoring of GM contamination in food and feed supply chain, with high specificity and sensitivity. The developed assays, when combined with a fast DNA extraction method, will facilitate on-site detection to check the GM status of a sample or product at ports of entry and in farmers' fields. 相似文献
11.
针对传统GM（1,1）模型在初始条件选取上的局限性,优化GM（1,1）模型按照使序列X^（1）与其模拟序列^↑X^（1）之差的平方和最小的原则,确定白化权函数中的常数,构建优化的时间响应函数。为使GM（1,1）模型对变化较大的时间序列也有较高的预测精度,优化GM（1,1）模型对传统GM（1,1）模型的背景值也进行了优化。优化模型在产油量预测中使平均相对误差由3．8％下降至0．8％,提高了模拟精度,为提高GM（1,1）模型的预测精度提供了一条新的途径。 相似文献
12.
Lyndsey Birch Charlotte L. Archard Helen C. Parkes David G. McDowell 《Food Control》2001,12(8):535-540
Ongoing technological advances permit the development of new scientific strategies for bio-analysis. The work described here sought to compare a traditional agarose slab gel electrophoresis method combined with digital image analysis against a new microfluidic capillary electrophoresis system (LabChipTM, Agilent Technologies) to assess their relative performance in the quantitative analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. The comparative strategy exploited methodology for providing quantitative genetically modified organism (GMO) determinations in food samples and demonstrated that the LabChipTM system offered improvements in quantitation accuracy, objectivity and ease of use. 相似文献
13.
《Food Control》2016
Among the commercial genetically modified (GM) crops, the insect-resistant GM crops are the major cultivars that cry gene is introduced into. A cry1Ab/1Ac GM fusion gene (GFM cry1A) and a GM truncated cry1Ac gene (cry1Ac-Mon) is the key foreign gene employed for construction of GM crops by China researchers and Monsanto Technology LLC respectively. Here these two genes are entitled “GM cry1A” gene and a rapid visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay method for detection of GM cry1A in transgenic insect-resistant crops was established. The LAMP assay was performed at an optimal temperature of 65 °C for 60 min in the presence of a set of four specific primers recognized six distinct sequences of the GM cry1A gene. The rough detection limit to the GM cry1A in samples is as low as 0.01% (a weight ratio of transgenic insect-resistant rice/cotton to non-transgenic rice/cotton). Comparatively, the sensitivity of this LAMP method is 10 times over that of the conventional PCR method. Fifteen cultivars/events and five Bt strains with or without cry1A gene were analyzed using the LAMP method as well as PCR method. The results demonstrate that this LAMP method shows a distinct specificity to the GM cry1A gene comparing with PCR analysis. Therefore, this LAMP method will be a potential effective tool for screening the GM cry1A gene in GM crops which are widely plant in China and other developing countries. 相似文献
14.
GM338电台是美国Motorola公司生产的一种专业级无线电通讯设备,它采用了当今先进的计算机技术及数字锁相环频率合成技术,目前广泛用于我国地震勘探通信领域。本文对GM338电台编程适配器的原理进行分析,介绍了电台编程适配器的研制方法。 相似文献
15.
16.
利用GM(1,1)模型群预测油田产油量 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
李德庆 《油气地质与采收率》2008,15(5):82-85
针对预测时如何判断建模历史数据的稳定性和新的信息如何及时补充修正原预测模型,不断提高预测精度等问题,运用灰色系统理论,建立灰色等维新息GM（1,1）模型群,准确识别系统的稳定阶段,选择合理的建模数据,建立可靠的灰色模型,提高预测值的可信度;建立等维灰数递补GM（1,1）模型群预测产油量,及时补充新患数据,约束灰平面的扩展,提高模型的预测精度。将这种方法应用于中国东部某油田年产油量的建模和预测。研究结果表明,通过考察等维新息GM（1,1）模型群的后验差比和小误差概率的变化,可以判断系统的稳定和非稳定阶段,选择合理稳定的建模数据;采用等维灰数递补GM（1,1）模型群预测产油量,提高了预测灰区间的白化度,随着灰参数的不断修正,模型预测精度不断提高。 相似文献
17.
《Food Control》2015
Currently 138 genetically modified (GM) maize events have been authorized for commercial cultivation, comprising more than 65 per cent stacked events. With the increase in number of GM maize events globally, cost- and time-efficient diagnostics with on-site applicability are required to check for authorized GM events. Six GM maize events, namely, Bt11, GA21, MON810, MON89034, NK603 and TC1507, also present in 89 stacked events, are being widely commercialized in more than 17 countries. Visual and real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays targeting these six GM maize events are being reported in the present study. Specificity of the developed LAMP assays was confirmed using fourteen commercialized GM maize events. Limit of detection of visual and real-time LAMP assays targeting Bt11, GA21, MON810, MON89034 and TC1507, was up to 0.01%, detecting 8 target copies, and for NK603 event-specific assays, was up to 0.1% detecting 73 target copies. Practical applicability of developed LAMP assays was verified using a set of five stacked GM maize events, namely, Bt11 × GA21, MON89034 × NK603, MON89034 × NK603 × TC1507, TC1507 × NK603 and TC1507 × MON810; and six powdered maize samples of proficiency testing. The reported LAMP assays can be efficiently employed for screening for presence of selected GM maize events in single or stacked form. 相似文献
18.
中国道路沥青市场现状及发展 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过分析近10年来我国公路建设、道路沥青消费、资源供应状况及国内道路沥青生产技术和质量现状，指出未来道路沥青市场的发展趋势和国内生产供应商应该重视的问题。 相似文献
19.
�й���Ȼ����ԴDZ������������ 总被引：17，自引：8，他引：9
中国天然气资源丰富,但分布不均衡;勘探开发程度低,发展潜力大;目前,天然气处于快速发展阶段。天然气勘探目标明确,今后一段时间储量和产量将保持高速增长。煤层气是重要的非常规天然气,发展潜力大。天然气消费将不断增长,供需关系日趋紧张,预计在2005年以前供需基本平衡,2010年以后国内生产的天然气已不能满足需求,2020年国内供给缺口将达到（500~800）×108m3。必须利用境外的管道天然气或LNG以满足国内的天然气需求。 相似文献
20.
��Ȼ��������ȼ�Ϲ���ϵͳ 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了降低发动机排放对大气环境造成的污染,在其燃料本身和燃料供给系统方面都已进行了很多改进,并且有很多新的尝试正在进行。在燃料方面,天然气作为发动机一种重要的“清洁燃料”,日益受到人们的重视,也使天然气发动机在国内外均获得了较快的发展。相应的,对发动机系统也需要进行改进以适应天然气的燃料特性。天然气发动机的燃料供给系统有：缸外进气道喷射、缸内直喷。其中缸内直喷又可细分为气体燃料缸内直接低压喷射,燃油调制喷射、缸内高压直接喷射,油气共用喷射器、缸内高压直接喷射,热面管加热、缸内高压直接喷射,预燃室燃烧室等各种不同的系统。首先介绍了各种供给系统的结构和工作原理,然后在充气效率以及动力性和排放方面详细比较分析了各种方式的优劣,提出今后的研究方向主要应是专用天然气发动机的研究、新型进气喷射器的设计和稀薄燃烧的实现。 相似文献