Statistical modeling and signal reconstruction processing method of EMF for slurry flow measurement

According to the experimental data, an amplitude probability density function (PDF) model of the slurry flow signal is built up for electromagnetic flowmeter (EMF) by the method combining statistical analysis with numerical fitting, in order to reveal the effect of slurry noise on the flow signal and describe the features of slurry flow signal. Based on this model, a signal reconstruction processing algorithm is proposed to deal with the output signal of EMF sensor for realizing the slurry flow measurement. At the same time, the high-low voltage switching mode based square-wave excitation method is presented for EMF so as to reduce the slurry noise interferences. A slurry-type EMF transmitter is developed with a DSP chip – TMS320F28335, to implement the signal processing algorithm and control function. Finally water flow calibrations and slurry flow experiments are conducted to verify the reliability and stability of the method and system. Experimental results show that its measurement accuracy of water flow is better than 0.5%, and its steady-state volatility of paper slurry is less than 3%, and its dynamic response time is less than 4 s.     

基于MatrixVB的周期信号合成与分解虚拟实验台的设计

针对传统实验台的缺点和MatrixVB的特点，提出了用MatrixVB来开发周期信号合成与分解虚拟实验台。设计出了实验台的功能结构，给出了实验台开发的主要步骤。实验台运行的结果表明，此方案可行，具有便于扩充、易于实现等许多优点。     

基于SVD降噪的机械振动信号经验模式分解及其应用

提出了1种基于奇异值分解降噪的振动信号经验模式分解方法,利用该法对原始振动信号进行相空间重构和奇异值分解,并根据奇异值降噪,再利用经验模式分解法提取降噪后振动信号的基本模式分量,对滤波前和滤波后振动信号进行经验模式分解分析。分析结果表明：奇异值分解能有效地提高信噪比,突出原始振动信号的特征,使降噪后振动信号分解出的基本模式分量具有更明确的物理意义,有利于对柴油机进行精确诊断。     

Design method for flow tube structure of electromagnetic water meter with shrunk measurement tube based on pressure loss-flow restriction

Due to the low flow rate measurement demand for battery-powered electromagnetic water meter, shrunk measurement tubes (such as circular section transition to square section) are often used to enhance flow velocity and measurement performance at small flow rate. However, this will also result in an increase in sensor pressure loss, even exceeding the pressure loss limit. Therefore, it is necessary to study a flow tube structure design method based on pressure loss-flow restriction, and design a flow tube structure which can not only maximize the induced voltage, but also meet the actual pressure loss requirement. Because there are many unknown variables in the formula of pressure loss mechanism, it cannot be directly used in structural design. Therefore, taking DN100 sensor as an example, based on finite element software, the variation of pressure loss with the length, width and height of rectangular section is obtained by orthogonal test method, and the numerical model of pressure loss is established. According to the requirements of industry and induced voltage enhancement, the optimal rectangular section size is found with the established pressure loss numerical model, and the structure of flow tube transition section is further optimized to reduce pressure loss. Finally, the prototype is made according to the optimized structure. Pressure loss experiment shows that the error between simulated value and measured value is within ±2.68% (±0.4 KPa). It means the pressure loss-flow restriction based design method for flow tube structure of electromagnetic water meter with shrunk measurement tube is effective and reliable.     

基于Duffing振子检测频率未知微弱信号的新方法

针对现有混沌振子难以检测频率未知微弱信号这一难点,提出利用Duffing振子输出值的方差峰值结合遗传算法检测淹没在强噪声背景中频率未知微弱信号的一种新方法。从分析混沌系统结构参数的阈值入手,讨论了周期策动力的频率、初始相位和噪声对系统运行状态的影响;研究系统输出值方差与系统状态的对应关系,探讨待测信号频率以及与周期策动力之间相位差对状态变量方差和状态转换时间的影响。由此,提出采用具有相位偏移的Duffing振子阵列覆盖全相位,并结合遗传算法,优化求解不同频率输入信号下系统输出值方差的极值,以此得到待测信号频率的方法。该方法解决了现有混沌振子类检测方法必须已知信号频率的限制。实验结果证明了本方法能准确、快速地检测待测信号频率。新方法的状态判定简便、检测精度高、更为灵活、适应性强,为微弱信号的检测提供了新的手段。     

Occurring mechanism and restraining method research of numerical noise signal in penetration simulation

In hard target penetration simulation, the existing researches of the convergence of results are mainly concentrating in the corresponding relationship between penetration depth and mesh scales. However, the influence of the mesh difference on the penetration resistance and acceleration signals are seldom refer to. This paper presents the occurring mechanism and restraining method of numerical noise signal in penetration simulation. First, the concept of the noise signal izs proposed. By taking a 3D penetration simulation as example, the influence of the noise signal on the penetration resistance in different mesh scales and impact velocity is studied. To ensure the convergence of the computational results, the grid scale of the target is encrypted to 1:1:8. In addition, modern spectrum analysis method is introduced to further analyze the penetration resistance signal. The research results presented is useful to improve the computational accuracy of high speed projectile penetration simulation, and provide important reference for carrying out structural design and optimization of fuze system.     

基于FIR优化滤波的旋转高频信号注入法及其应用

针对传统旋转高频信号注入法中信号处理精度低、延时时间长及过程复杂等缺陷,提出一种基于有限冲激响应(finite impulse response,FIR)优化滤波的改进旋转高频信号注入法.该方法采用等纹波最佳逼近FIR滤波器提取高频电流信号,实现高频电流信号提取误差最小.通过对高频电流作外差处理,提取转子位置误差信号,省去旋转高频信号注入法中的同步轴系滤波单元,降低系统的复杂性.通过线性相位补偿,实现转子速度与位置估计最小延迟.构建无轴承永磁同步电机无速度传感器矢量控制平台,验证算法的有效性.仿真实验结果表明:通过离线优化设计FIR滤波器及线性相位补偿,该方法在全速范围内能够准确估计转子的位置与速度,与卡尔曼滤波相比,其估计精度更高,鲁棒性更强.     

A new modified sliding window empirical mode decomposition technique for signal carrier and harmonic separation in non-stationary signals: Application to wind turbines

Modern control applications justify the need for improved techniques capable of coping with the non-stationary nature of measured signals while being able to monitor systems in real-time. Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) is known for its efficiency in time domain analysis of multi-component signals through Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) extraction. Recent years witnessed the introduction of Sliding Window EMD (SWEMD) capable of analyzing signals in real time applications. However, complex signals require several sifting iterations while a rather increased number of IMFs might result in impracticality for on-line applications. This paper introduces a new modified faster SWEMD capable of extracting harmonics from non-stationary signals in real-time operation. The method uses the traditional EMD properties in the first pass for a small number of sifting processes. In addition, a new section is added to the algorithm based on inflection point tracking of the residue derivative from the first pass is added, in order to track low frequency waves and render the analysis faster. The method is validated for non-stationary signals with and without added colored noise and applied on measured turbine side angular velocity for harmonic extraction in wind turbines as an application. The proposed method may well be used for fault detection and disturbance rejection in mechanical systems.     

Relative errors in evaluating the electromagnetic flowmeter signal using the weight function method and the finite volume method

In the signal analysis of an electromagnetic flowmeter, the weight function method (WFM) involves a numerical integration of products between the magnetic flux density vector, the weight function and the velocity profile function in two-dimensional analysis. The electromagnetic flowmeter signal can also be predicted by solving the governing flowmeter equation by the finite volume method (FVM). The present study is aimed at comparing the calculation accuracies of WFM and FVM. The test flows are fully developed laminar and turbulent flows in a straight pipe under uniformly distributed magnetic field. The calculation accuracies are also compared between different O-type grid systems. It was found that the accuracy of both methods depended strongly on the grid system. In particular, for turbulent flow whose axial velocity component changes very rapidly near the wall, the accuracy of WFM was found to depend strongly on the cell configuration near the electrodes.     

基于循环多核相关熵的故障检测方法及应用* .txt

摘要：针对传统基于二阶统计量的循环平稳信号处理方法不能有效处理脉冲噪声干扰的问题,提出了一种基于循环多核相关熵的故障检测方法。首先,给出了多核相关熵的定义,推导了循环多核相关熵函数和循环多核相关熵谱密度函数计算公式,分析了循环多核相关熵的降噪机理;其次,用仿真信号验证了在低噪声比（SNR=-5）情况下循环多核相关熵的降噪性能,表明了循环多核相关熵不仅能有效抑制高斯噪声,而且能有效抑制非高斯噪声,循环多核相关熵为高斯、非高斯噪声的处理提供了一种鲁棒性处理方法;最后,将循环多核相关熵方法应用于齿轮箱齿轮齿面磨损故障诊断,实验结果表明：循环多核相关熵具有解调功能,能准确刻画齿轮齿面磨损故障的频谱特征,可有效提取淹没在强噪声环境中的微弱信号,提高了信噪比,证明了此方法为一种齿轮故障诊断的有效方法。 .txt     

表面肌电信号分析及其在康复医学中的应用

表面肌电信号( sEMG)有多种分析处理方法,如时域、频域、参数模型、时-频域、非线性动力学等方法,针对分析处理方法的选取问题,通过分析研究各类分析处理方法,比较了各类分析处理方法的特点、优劣与使用情况.研究结果表明,每种分析处理方法都有各自的优缺点和适用范围,具体使用时应很据实际情况选择确切的方法.并对肌电信号分析处...     

The numerical method for the coverage interval determination in the conducted emission measurements

This paper presents a numerical method for the coverage interval determination of the output variable while knowing the probability density functions of two non-dependent input variables. The coverage interval is derived from distribution function. In order to obtain the probability density function of the output variable, which is of mixed distribution type, the numerical combined method is applied, consisted of the Monte Carlo method and the modified least-squares method. The proposed method is applied for the symmetric distributions in the conducted emission measurements. The validation of the combined method showed its satisfactory level of accuracy.     

提升小波变换在振动信号去噪中的应用

振动信号存在不同形式的波形特征,传统小波去噪中,小波分解的结果与所采用的小波基函数有关,选用不适当的小波基函数会冲淡振动信号的局部特征信息,从而造成原始信号的部分有用信息丢失。为了克服上述缺陷,介绍了提升算法和基于该算法的小波变换快速算法,探讨了如何利用提升小波变换对信号进行去噪一通过对实际信号去噪处理．得出了提升小波算法能够较好地应用于信号去噪的结论。     

Sparse signal decomposition method based on multi-scale chirplet and its application to the fault diagnosis of gearboxes

Based on the chirplet path pursuit and the sparse signal decomposition method, a new sparse signal decomposition method based on multi-scale chirplet is proposed and applied to the decomposition of vibration signals from gearboxes in fault diagnosis. An over-complete dictionary with multi-scale chirplets as its atoms is constructed using the method. Because of the multi-scale character, this method is superior to the traditional sparse signal decomposition method wherein only a single scale is adopted, and is more applicable to the decomposition of non-stationary signals with multi-components whose frequencies are time-varying. When there are faults in a gearbox, the vibration signals collected are usually AM-FM signals with multiple components whose frequencies vary with the rotational speed of the shaft. The meshing frequency and modulating frequency, which vary with time, can be derived by the proposed method and can be used in gearbox fault diagnosis under time-varying shaft-rotation speed conditions, where the traditional signal processing methods are always blocked. Both simulations and experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

1/f噪声的精确测量及其在太阳能电池可靠性筛选中的应用

为了实现对太阳能电池可靠性的筛选分类,建立了一套低频噪声自动测试系统.首先,根据太阳能电池1/f噪声的来源,确定了在大电流密度情况下以1/f噪声功率谱作为太阳能电池可靠性指示的可行性.然后,由测试得到的功率谱曲线明确了通过比较在f为1 Hz频点处的1/f噪声功率谱值大小可以区分太阳能电池的可靠性.最后,根据半导体器件可靠性试验验证的分类标准,给出了确定筛选阈值的方法.实验结果表明:该方法可以在短时间内无损地完成一批太阳能电池3个等级的可靠性分类,平均每个太阳能电池的测试时间只需5 min.采用该筛选方法,能精确检测单一器件,解决了传统方法花费大、周期长,易引起器件的损伤,且只能得到一批器件可靠性的统计规律的问题.该方法适用于对太阳能电池可靠性要求高的应用场合.     

ICEEMDAN结合FastICA方法在转子系统降噪提纯中的应用

针对转子系统采集得到的非平稳信号中存在着较多噪声,导致分解原信号易出现模态混叠和虚假模态现象,使得降噪提纯效果不理想,特征量无法识别等问题,提出了一种将改进自适应噪声的完备集合经验模态分解(Improved Com-plete Ensemble EMD with Adaptive Noise,ICEEMDAN)和快速独...     

改进的EEMD算法及其在多相流检测中的应用

针对低信噪比下EEMD法在分解过程中产生模态混叠导致滤波效果变差的问题,提出了一种改进的EEMD滤波方法.该方法首先设计最优带通滤波器,滤除信号中的脉冲干扰,再将滤波后的信号进行EEMD分解,然后采用SG滤波器对筛选的IMF再进行滤波,最后对滤波后IMF进行重构.最后将改进的EEMD法和EEMD法分别用于多相流测量信号滤波及含水率测量,结果表明,改进的EEMD法与EEMD法相比,信噪比提高了约2～3 dB,滤波效果更好;含水率平均测量精度提高了约3％,测量误差更小.     

一种基于多目标协同策略的多学科集成设计数据流解耦方法及应用

为扩展传统工作流引擎的解耦能力,消除多学科设计过程中的数据流解耦,提出基于多目标协同的数据流解耦策略,并设计了数据流解耦器。为了提高集成设计软件和学科模型的可重用性,该方法从协同设计方法框架出发,对其建模过程进行了改进,在不改变各子学科设计模型的基础上,通过应用聚类方法对各学科设计结果进行分析,并增加了多目标满意度判断函数,以期获得合理的设计结果。通过在小型固体火箭总体设计中的应用,表明扩展后的数据流引擎能够实现多学科设计问题的过程解耦控制,并能够获得设计问题的全局可行较优解,从而弥补了传统工作流方法对多学科耦合设计过程管理的不足。     

Measurement technique for the incident electron current in secondary electron detectors and its application in scanning electron microscopes.

A measurement technique for incident electron current in secondary electron (SE) detectors, especially the Everhart-Thornley (ET) detector, based on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which uses the histogram of a digital scanning electron microscope (SEM) image, is described. In this technique, primary electrons are directly incident on the ET detector. This technique for measuring the correlation between incident electron current and SNR is applicable to the other SE detectors. This correlation was applied to estimate the efficiency of the ET detector itself, to evaluate SEM image quality, and to measure the geometric SE collection efficiency and the SE yield. It was found that the geometric SE collection efficiency at each of the upper and lower detectors of a Hitachi S-4500 SEM was greater than 0.78 at all working distances.