共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Wanyu Zhao Gang Shao Shixian Han Chunhui Cai Xingcen Liu Mengran Sun Hailong Wang Xinjian Li Rui Zhang Linan An 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2019,102(5):2316-2324
SiOCN ceramic aerogels with lightweight, high surface areas, and macro-meso pores have been synthesized by a facile method combining freeze-drying technique and polymer-derived ceramic route. The wet gels are synthesized via the hydrosilylation reaction between polysilazane and divinylbenzene with cyclohexane as solvent. The solvent is then removed by a freeze-drying process to form pre-ceramic aerogels. The SiOCN ceramic aerogels are finally obtained by pyrolyzing the pre-ceramic aerogels at 1000°C in ultrahigh purity N2. The thermogravimetric and mass spectrometry system (TG/DSC-MS) is used to investigate the polymer-to-ceramic conversion process during pyrolysis. The phase composition, structure, and morphology of the SiOCN ceramic aerogels are investigated by XRD, FT-IR, XPS, and SEM. The results show that SiOCN ceramic aerogels are composed of amorphous matrix phase and “free carbon” phase. The SiOCN aerogels possess three-dimensional (3D) network porous structure with low density (0.19 g/cm3), high specific surface area (134 m2/g), large pore volume (0.49 cm3/g), and hierarchical pore structures of both macro and meso pores. The formation mechanism and evolution process of SiOCN ceramic aerogels are discussed. 相似文献
2.
Boris Dyatkin Matthew Laskoski William K. Edelen III Syed B. Qadri Teddy M. Keller 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2021,18(2):457-471
We report on a novel polymer-derived synthesis approach that yields boron carbide monoliths and metal-reinforced B4C cermets. This single-step approach relies on a preceramic powder blend of boron and an acetylenic resin with a high char yield. At low temperatures below 1500°C and without applied pressures, preceramic precursor reaction bond together and form nanocrystalline refractory B4C matrices. Resulting near net shape boron, carbide monoliths exhibit small crystal grain sizes, maintain chemical purity, and exhibit morphological homogeneity. We reinforce the refractory carbide with five different metals and demonstrate the influence of each on the density, hardness, oxidation stability, and electronic conductivity of resulting cermet composites. We assess the optimal synthesis and reinforcement strategies that tailor these nanostructured materials for inexpensive and high-performing engineering applications. 相似文献
3.
先驱体转化法制备含锆SiC纤维及其组成 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
以聚硅碳硅烷(polysilacarbosilane,PSCS)与乙酰丙酮锆为原料,用常压高温裂解法制备了Si-Zr-C-O纤维先驱体聚锆碳硅烷(polyzirconocar-bosilane,PZCS),经过熔融纺丝、空气预氧化、惰性气氛烧成等工艺,制得Si-Zr-C-O纤维.通过元素分析、Auger电子能谱、X射线衍射、核磁共振和扫描电子显微镜等一系列分析测试手段研究了Si-Zr-C-O纤维的组成结构与性能.结果表明:Si-Zr-C-O纤维的元素组成为SiC1.24HxO0.56Zr0.0129(摩尔比),平均强度为2.5GPa,平均直径为11 μm,纤维表面光滑平坦,没出现孔洞、裂纹、沟槽等缺陷,直径均匀.Si-Zr-C-O纤维表层和内部元素组成不同.Si-Zr-C-O纤维为非晶SiC纤维,纤维中包含较多的不定形游离C和O,以不定形SiCxOy复合相的形式存在,Zr则与复合相中的O相结合. 相似文献
4.
Haotian Gu Xianbo Hou Rubing Zhang Daining Fang 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2019,16(6):2393-2397
A novel Y2SiO5 ternary aerogel was prepared from tetraethoxysilane and yttrium chloride hexahydrate via the sol-gel method followed by high-temperature calcination. The effects of different calcination temperatures on the microstructure, mechanical and thermal stability of the Y2SiO5 aerogels were investigated. The aerogels exhibited low densities of 0.33-0.62 g/cm3, low thermal conductivities of 0.029-0.05 W/(m·K), and a relatively high strength of 0.16-56.47 MPa. Moreover, compared with the Al2O3–SiO2 aerogel, the Y2SiO5 aerogel has higher thermal stability and more excellent high-temperature insulation, which has potential applications as a thermal protection material in hypersonic vehicles. 相似文献
5.
Tianhao Li Wei Zhang Liantai Duan Ke Chen Qing Huang Yinsheng Li Zhengren Huang Liu He Yujie Song 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2023,106(6):3329-3335
Trimethylsilyl-substituted polysilazanes were designed and successfully synthesized. They were used to fabricate high-purity stoichiometric Si3N4 ceramics through pyrolysis process. Trimethylsilyl groups improved the stability of polysilazanes and easily escaped during pyrolysis, which effectively reduced oxygen and carbon content in the final polymer-derived Si3N4. The C content of Si3N4 ceramic was below 0.06 wt%, and the O content was below 1.2 wt%. The Si3N4 ceramics remained amorphous up to 1400°C, yet they were completely transformed into α-Si3N4 at 1500°C. Synergistic effect from low oxygen and carbon content contributed to highly stable amorphous state of Si3N4 till high temperatures. This amorphous Si3N4 ceramics could be used in cutting-edge technology where high purity is compulsory. 相似文献
6.
Monika Wilamowska-Zawlocka Magdalena Graczyk-Zajac 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2023,20(1):51-58
In this work, we present the electrochemical behavior and microstructural analysis of silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) ceramics influenced by an addition of polystyrene (PS). Polymer-derived ceramics were obtained by pyrolysis (1000°C, Ar atmosphere) of different polysiloxanes prepared by sol–gel synthesis. This method is very effective to obtain desired composition of final ceramic. Two alkoxysilanes phenylthriethoxysilane and diphenyldimethoxysilane were used as precursors. Before pyrolysis polysiloxanes were mixed with PS using toluene as a solvent. Blending with PS affects the microstructure and free carbon content in the final ceramic material. Free carbon phase has been confirmed to be a major lithium storage host. Nevertheless, we demonstrate here that capacity does not increase linearly with increasing carbon content. We show that the amount of SiO4 units in the SiOC microstructure increases the initial capacity but decreases the cycling stability and rate capability of the material. Furthermore, the microstructure of the free carbon influences the electrochemical performance of the ceramic: More ordered graphitic clusters favor better rate capability performance. 相似文献
7.
二氧化硅气凝胶具有极高的孔隙率和非常低的热导率,在保温隔热领域应用前景十分广阔。探究了二氧化硅气凝胶在不同温度热处理条件下热导率的变化情况,并从微观结构角度解释了其变化机理。随着热处理温度升高,气凝胶热导率先降低后升高。当热处理温度低于400℃时,气凝胶的热导率随热处理温度的升高而降低,这是因为较低温度的热处理去除了气凝胶内部的大部分杂质,并且使气凝胶的内部孔隙结构更加均匀;当热处理温度处于400~700℃时,更高温度的热处理使得气凝胶内部的孔径明显增大,气凝胶颗粒增大,使得热导率随热处理温度的升高而增加;当热处理温度高于700℃时,气凝胶颗粒开始烧结,骨架结构坍塌,密度显著增大,热导率也急剧上升,此时已不具备气凝胶轻质多孔的典型特征,可以认为已经失效。实验结果对亲水型气凝胶的应用给出了一定的指导:为保证气凝胶绝热能力的最优化,可以对气凝胶在400℃的温度下进行一段时间的保温;工作温度应在700℃以下,温度的升高会轻微降低气凝胶的隔热能力;气凝胶在700℃以上时会失去其绝热能力,因此不宜用于温度高于700℃的环境。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
11.
连续纤维增韧碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料研究 总被引:27,自引:6,他引:27
采用化学气相浸渗法制造了连续碳纤维和碳化硅纤维增韧碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料,并对复合材料的显微结构和力学性能进行了研究,C/SiC/SiC复合材料的密度分别为2.1g/cm^3和2.5g/cm63,在断理解过程中表现出明显的非线性和非灾难性的断裂行为和规律,C/SiC和SiC/SiC弯曲强度分别为450MPa和850MPa,从室温至1600℃强度不发生降低;断裂韧性为20MPa.m^1/2和41.5MPa.m^1/2,断裂功为10kJ.m^-2和28.1kJ.m^-2,冲击韧性为62.0kJ.m^-2和36.0kJ.m^-2,C/SiC和SiC/SiC复合材料具有优异的抗热震性能,经1300℃→←3000℃,50次热震后,强度保持率高达96.4%,热震不是材料性能损伤的控制因素,而SiC/SiC复合材料优异的抗氧化性能,对温度梯度不敏感,得合材料喷管在液体火箭发动机上成功地通过了地面实验。 相似文献
12.
石油化工行业是国家节能减排重点工程之一,如果相关设备设施保温不当,不仅会造成严重的热量散失,还会对油水分离和输送等产生影响。本文系统介绍了传统的以中空玻璃微珠或陶瓷微珠为主要隔热功能填料的隔热保温涂料的保温机理、性能及其存在的问题;以 SiO2气凝胶为主要功能填料的新型隔热保温涂料研究现状及研究中的技术难点;针对不同应用环境,开发兼具防腐、防开裂、隔热保温功能的复合保温结构设计。本文为研制新型耐高温、高效水性无机隔热保温涂料的研究提供了参考方向,为隔热保温涂料在石油化工领域的工程应用提供分析。 相似文献
13.
本文以纳米气凝胶、 TiO2、SiO2、SiC三种隔热粉体作为填料,氧化铝纤维和硅酸铝纤维作为增强材料,有机-无机复合胶体作为粘结剂,制备了纳米气凝胶保温涂料。考查了气凝胶用量对涂料的干密度、隔热性能和导热系数的影响。结果表明:粘结剂量为 35%、纤维总加入量为 25%(氧化铝纤维和硅酸铝纤维质量比 1∶1)、填料量为 40%(TiO2、SiO2、SiC粉体质量比例为 2∶1∶1且保持与气凝胶量的总和占涂料的 40%),当气凝胶量为 15%时,涂料的导热系数为 0.04 W/m.K,干密度为 158 kg/m3,涂料的隔热性能最好。以纳米气凝胶保温涂料为基础,研究了一种适用于稠油热采蒸汽管保温的复合保温结构,将耐热纤维层、保温涂料层和金属外壳进行复合,这一复合保温结构成功应用在稠油注蒸汽管道外层保温改造项目中。与原有保温结构相比,年估算节能量约为 94.8 t标准煤,有效提高了稠油热注蒸汽管线的保温效果。 相似文献
14.
碳纤维增强SiC陶瓷复合材料的研究进展 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
碳纤维增强SiC陶瓷基复合材料具有良好的高温力学性能,是航空航天和能源等领域新的高温结构材料研究的热点之一.本文回顾了增强体碳纤维的发展,对材料的成型制备工艺,材料的抗氧化涂层研究进展和现有的一些应用做了综述,并展望了碳纤维增强SiC陶瓷基复合材料以后的研究重点及发展前景. 相似文献
15.
Bent F. Sørensen John W. Holmes Eddy L. Vanswijgenhoven 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2002,85(2):359-365
The high-cycle high-frequency fatigue behavior of a Nicalon-fiber-reinforced calcium aluminosilicate ceramic composite was investigated. A key goal of the room-temperature fatigue experiments was to determine if a true fatigue limit or endurance limit existed for this ceramic matrix composite. Although no fatigue failures occurred beyond 107 cycles, the stress–strain hysteresis modulus and frictional heating continued to change up to 108 cycles, at which point the 200 Hz experiments were terminated. This suggests that fatigue damage continued to evolve and that a true fatigue limit may not exist in ceramic matrix composites that have undergone interfacial frictional sliding. 相似文献
16.
二氧化硅气凝胶具有高孔隙率、低热导率等特点,使其成为新型超级隔热材料。然而,二氧化硅气凝胶的柔韧性、整体性差,并且常温干燥制备的气凝胶在高温时热导率迅速上升,这些都大大限制了二氧化硅气凝胶的应用。近些年,通过原位溶胶-凝胶法和模压成型法制备得到的二氧化硅气凝胶复合隔热材料,在一定程度上提高了其韧性、整体性和高温隔热性能,使得二氧化硅气凝胶作为单独块体隔热材料成为可能。本文阐述了二氧化硅气凝胶隔热材料的隔热机理,综述了近年来抗辐射型、纤维增强型和聚合物增强型二氧化硅气凝胶复合隔热材料的研究现状,最后讨论了该领域今后研究趋势。 相似文献
17.
《Ceramics International》2019,45(1):644-650
A novel method was developed to uniformly disperse sub-micron TiO2 opacifier into fiber reinforcements using agar and silica as binders via freeze drying. TiO2 opacifier/ fiber/ alumina-based aerogel ternary (TFA) composites with high strength and excellent high-temperature thermal insulation were successfully prepared by sol-gel route, impregnation process and supercritical fluid drying. The microstructure, mechanical and thermal insulation properties of TFA composites were investigated comprehensively. The results show that the mechanical property of TFA composites can be significantly enhanced by mullite fiber felt and the incorporation of SiO2 binder. The effect of TiO2 opacifier on the high-temperature thermal conductivity was studied by adjusting the content of TiO2 from 0 to 15 wt%. The obtained TFA composites exhibit high Young's modulus of up to 3.58 MPa and low high-temperature thermal conductivities of 0.129 W/m·K at 800 °C and 0.168 W/m·K at 1000 °C, respectively. The mechanism of heat transfer in TFA composites at high-temperature was also analyzed. 相似文献
18.
19.
Satoshi Kitaoka Naoki Kawashima Toshiyuki Suzuki Yuji Sugita Nobuo Shinohara Takashi Higuchi 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2001,84(9):1945-1951
A technique for fabrication of β'-SiAlON-based ceramics in three-dimensional woven fabrics of BN-coated SiC (Hi-Nicalon™) fibers was developed by reactive melt infiltration in a controlled N2 atmosphere. β'-SiAlON was produced in situ by the reaction of β-Si3 N4 , AlN, and Y-Al-Si-O molten glass. The wettability of the fibers with the molten glass was improved by infiltration and pyrolysis of perhydropolysilazane, resulting in fully dense matrix composites. The reaction between the fiber and molten glass could be depressed by increasing the N2 partial pressure during the melt infiltration. The inhibition of the interfacial reaction may be related to the formation of carbon and oxynitride on the SiC fiber, in agreement with thermodynamic calculations as a function of N2 partial pressure. The fabricated composites had a high ultimate flexure strength and a large work of fracture at room temperature. Degradation of the mechanical performance of the composites was small, even at 1773 K in an argon atmosphere. 相似文献
20.
Toru Tsunoura Katsumi Yoshida Toyohiko Yano Takuya Aoki Toshio Ogasawara 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2019,102(10):6309-6321
SiC-fiber–reinforced binary Si eutectic alloy composites have been developed for aerospace applications using the melt infiltration method. In this study, the oxidation mechanisms of various binary Si eutectic alloys were evaluated at elevated temperatures. We suggest that the oxidation resistance of eutectic alloys could be predicted using the Gibbs energy change for the oxidation reaction. Based on these calculations, eutectic alloys of Si-16at%Ti, Si-17at%Cr, Si-22at%Co, Si-38at%Co, and Si-27at%Fe were prepared. These alloys produced uniform SiO2 layers and showed the same oxidation resistance as Si at 1000°C under humid conditions. Therefore, SiC composites using Si alloys with excellent oxidation resistance can be predicted using thermodynamic calculations. 相似文献