多轴工程车辆油气悬架系统参数仿真

建立了多轴越野车辆的平面力学模型,对其参数进行了计算机仿真,仿真参数包括悬架弹簧变刚度和变阻尼,分析涉及的车辆模型有弹簧悬置的车体和4个车桥,研究了车辆系统的6个自由度的运动方程及动态特性,分析了车辆在粗糙路面上的油气弹簧刚度和阻尼特性的非线性变化规律,获得了多轴车辆的悬架系统在路面激励下的响应特性,提出提高车辆平顺性的途径．     

非线性汽车悬架系统建模与仿真研究

详细研究了传统非线性弹簧悬架、半主动悬架和非线性悬架的动态特性。在建立其动力学模型的基础上,利用MATLAB软件的SIMULINK工具箱对其进行仿真,给出了仿真模型。其中对于非线性弹簧悬架采用摄动法进行求解。最终的数值仿真结果表明,悬架系统选用合适的非线性弹簧模型比采用线性模型更符合实际。而采用相对控制的半主动悬架可以获得更好的行驶平顺性和乘坐舒适性。     

2-DOF汽车悬架系统非线性动力学分析

为了研究外部激励作用下悬架系统的动态特性,建立了考虑非线性弹簧力和非线性阻尼力的二自由度四分之一车辆动力学模型。采用增量谐波平衡法分析了激励比和非线性刚度系数对悬架系统的动态特性的影响,并得到了各次谐波响应的幅频特性曲线。研究结果表明,在不同的激励比和非线性刚度系数作用下悬架系统表现出超谐波共振、主共振、多解、硬式/软式非线性以及跳跃不连续等强非线性行为。与此同时,悬架系统的超谐波共振响应对激励比具有明显的敏感性。除此之外,各参数对系统的主共振峰值及硬式非线性具有较大的影响。在一定范围内减小激励比和增大非线性刚度系数能够有效地降低悬架系统的振动幅值。     

带附加气室空气悬架的综合性能优化

以带附加气室的空气悬架为研究对象,基于流体力学与工程热力学,建立空气弹簧-连接管路-附加气室数学模型;考虑到空气弹簧刚度的非线性,将其以空气弹簧非线性力的形式引入到1/4车辆动力学模型中;以寻求车辆乘坐舒适性、轮胎接地性与操纵稳定性的综合性能最优为目标,对典型工况下的附加气室容积与减振器阻尼进行寻优。优化结果表明,悬架的综合性能、乘坐舒适性得到改善,轮胎接地性与操纵稳定性略有降低。台架试验与仿真结果基本吻合。     

基于遗传算法的油气悬架非线性特征参数的无损评测

准确辨识油气悬架的非线性特征参数有利于提高车辆的乘坐舒适性和操纵性能。提出了一种基于遗传算法的非线性刚度和阻尼特性曲线的无损评测方法。在建立油气悬架激励与响应测试系统的基础上，采用少数离散点来表征刚度和阻尼两条非线性特征曲线，通过遗传算法来反求离散点的值，从而通过一次测试就能无损伤地整体得到油气悬架刚度和阻尼的特征曲线。     

车用变刚度螺旋弹簧最佳刚度特性曲线拟合与验证

以某自主品牌轿车车型为载体,为其后悬架螺旋弹簧找到一条符合变刚度、三负荷要求的刚度特性曲线——三点非线性刚度特性曲线。使得被动悬架刚度特性由原来的弱非线性向强非线性转变,大大改善了车辆安全舒适性。形成轿车后悬变刚度螺旋弹簧的优化设计方法,包括理想刚度特性曲线形状的讨论、整车载荷变化对后悬架负荷影响的定量确定方法、与负荷变化相适应的多段变刚度弹簧刚度设计方法。提出改进型理想点法目标函数构造法,以Matlab自带工具箱Fminimax、Fmincon作为优化工具,基于Adams-Car四柱试验台进行整车振动分析,验证了优化设计结论。     

空气弹簧悬架系统控制模型研究

随着对乘坐的舒适性和行驶的平顺性的要求越来越高,车辆空气悬架系统由于其优越的性能逐渐的应用到车辆系统中。依靠电子技术和控制技术的发展,要求汽车空气悬架系统逐步电控智能化。具体而言,空气悬架系统可利用刚度和阻尼可变来适应不断变化的路况,进而改善车辆行驶的平顺性、操纵稳定性等性能。基于空气弹簧的结构和力学特性,首先介绍其在车辆系统中的结构原理和类别,然后通过热力学的知识,对它的刚度和频率力学特性进行理论推导,进一步设计PID控制器,之后建立空气弹簧的控制数学模型,用MATLAB/Simulink进行仿真,最后通过评价指标,对比传统悬架发现空气悬架控制模型能有效的提升悬架性能。     

空气弹簧动态特性拟合及空气悬架变刚度计算分析

为深入研究车辆空气悬架的性能,在悬架系统动力学模型的建立和仿真计算过程中,需要考虑空气弹簧的刚度随弹簧载荷和工作高度改变而变化的特点。根据空气弹簧的动态特性试验数据构成一簇有规律曲线的特点,分别以弹簧工作高度和初始载荷为自变量进行两次曲线拟合,用非线性曲线拟合方法代替气体状态方程,得到空气悬架使用条件下空气弹簧的刚度工作曲线方程。在悬架半车离散状态空间模型仿真的每个计算步长开始时,随悬架动挠度的实时状态来确定模型中空气弹簧的刚度计算数值,从而达到对空气悬架进行变刚度仿真分析的目的。采用此方法计算的某客车空气弹簧气压瞬态响应与滚下法悬架固有频率试验时测到的空气弹簧气压曲线更接近,提出的空气弹簧变刚度特性拟合处理和悬架模型变刚度仿真方法有效。     

基于半车模型的两级串联型ISD悬架性能分析

基于"惯容—弹簧—阻尼"机械系统与"电容—电感—电阻"电子系统之间严格的对应相似关系,根据级联滤波的基本原理,以并联的弹簧和阻尼为第一级,并联的惯容器、弹簧和阻尼为第二级,构建一种两级串联型"惯容—弹簧—阻尼"车辆悬架系统。建立悬架的半车模型,分析随机和脉冲激励下悬架系统的综合性能,探讨第二级弹簧刚度对系统性能的影响。结果表明,与传统悬架相比,两级串联型"惯容—弹簧—阻尼"悬架系统具有良好的动态性能,车身质心垂直加速度、车身俯仰加速度、前轮胎动载荷、后轮胎动载荷功率谱密度低频峰值分别减小了81%、81%、79%、82.8%,有效抑制了车身共振,明显改善了车辆的乘坐舒适性,协调了平顺性与安全性之间的矛盾。     

非线性变刚度橡胶悬架结构灵敏度分析与参数优化

针对工程车辆变刚度橡胶悬架，在建立橡胶弹簧有限元参数化模型的基础上，通过橡胶弹簧的结构参数对轴向变形量的灵敏度分析，掌握不同载荷下结构参数变化对刚度影响的规律，确定最敏感的设计变量。以整车悬架动态参数优化获得的最佳非线性刚度特性曲线为优化目标，实现了新型变刚度橡胶弹簧结构参数的优化设计。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.