基于服务产品的服务供应链设计

在结合服务供应链自身特性的基础上,提出了基于服务产品的服务供应链集成化设计过程.该过程主要包括服务供应链构建的需求分析、服务产品的设计、服务供应链类型的确定、服务供应链成员的选择与确定、服务供应链的形成与运行等5个方面.结果表明,服务供应链设计将更多地采用精益供应链和精益敏捷型供应链相结合的集成化设计方式.以天津宝运物流股份公司为例,介绍了该公司进行服务供应链设计的主要策略.     

基于横向公平偏好的供应链知识共享激励与监督

考虑成员企业公平偏好行为,并引入核心企业对成员企业的监督函数,构建双代理人情形下的供应链知识共享激励与监督模型,剖析成员企业公平偏好对供应链知识共享激励与监督效果的影响。研究结果表明：激励与监督机制对知识共享努力水平的提升具有互补性;随着核心企业监督水平的提升,产出激励系数减少,奖惩系数增加;成员企业公平偏好对供应链知识共享激励系数和供应链知识共享奖惩系数并不总是起到积极作用,但可以提升知识共享努力水平。     

基于奖惩契约的养老服务供应链质量控制协调

研究单个养老服务集成商和养老服务提供商构成的养老服务供应链,围绕单一同质的养老服务需求,分析服务集成商和服务提供商在单独决策、联合决策以及使用奖惩契约3种情形下的质量博弈,并进一步通过比较讨论奖惩契约对于养老服务质量决策和供应链成员收益的改善作用。研究表明,养老服务供应链一体化程度越高,提供高质量养老服务的可能性越大;当养老服务需求规模的变化对服务质量提升的敏感程度较高时,奖惩契约的协调效果较好;若服务集成商在供应链中处于核心地位,当与服务提供商达成提供高质量养老服务奖惩契约时,采用奖惩契约所获得的收益增加大部分被服务集成商获取。     

精益与敏捷集成的供应链

市场竞争迫使制造企业运用精益思想降低成本,但顾客需求越来越个性化,要求快速响应．需要企业具备敏捷性。本文通过简单模型和案例,分析精益与敏捷相集成的优势和运作模式。从产品需求模式看,精益供应链与标准化产品、功能性产品匹配,敏捷供应链与定制化产品、创新性产品相匹配。从产品模块化设计以及全球供应考虑,精益与敏捷集成的供应链是最有效的选择。     

标准知识链接服务光纤光缆企业实例分析

为了给用户提供更快捷、便利、有效的服务,在标准信息服务中引入知识管理理论与技术,促使标准信息服务向标准知识服务转变,这一趋势正受到业界越来越多的关注与重视。本文在对光纤光缆企业进行实地调研的基础上,分析了现阶段光纤光缆企业在标准及标准化中存在的问题,总结了光纤光缆企业对标准知识链接服务的需求;结合标准知识链接服务在企业中的应用情况,分析了标准知识链接服务在降低信息收集成本、提升信息系统性和揭示信息之间关联关系等方面的优势。     

可持续供应链的精益安全管理

为了提高职业安全和健康管理水平,研究了可持续供应链的精益安全管理概念与管理模式,包括精益安全管理的内容、目标与实现,且对精益安全管理进行了重新定义。通过对概念的分析,引入了符合精益安全管理理念的效用指数以衡量安全管理水平,该指数面向供应链全过程与全元素且不受领域局限。结合"持续改善"的精益需求以及供应链中繁多的管理栏目,提出了持续改善框架与管理栏目优选算法,以实现精益安全管理并提升管理效用水平,最后通过基于烟草行业供应链实例数据的模拟计算演示了方法的可用性。     

考虑企业社会责任的三级物流服务供应链协调

为研究物流服务集成商的企业社会责任对三级物流服务供应链决策的影响,构建受价格和企业社会责任共同影响的需求函数,运用Stacklberg博弈方法分析分散模型和集中模型下的最优决策问题,发现集中决策下物流需求与企业社会责任水平是分散决策下的一倍多,供应链总利润明显增加。为了达到集中决策的最优策略,设计带有补偿额的成本共担-收益共享契约,并引用议价模型设定补偿额,发现契约能够实现供应链的协调,社会责任意识和相对议价能力与成员利润、物流需求和企业社会责任水平之间呈正相关关系,且集成商能够更快地获益;补偿额取决于成员的议价能力,随着相对议价能力的提升,分包商获得的补偿增加。最后,通过算例分析验证了契约的有效性。     

供应链内部成员满意

供应链内部成员的满意度对于供应链管理相当重要,基于质量功能展开的思想,提出了一种确定供应链内部成员需求以及供应链的核心企业为满足这些需求所应采取的措施的结构化方法,为供应链内部成员的管理提供了实用的方法与工具。     

港口服务供应链绿色运营动力因素及关联效应研究

随着排放问题的日益突出,港口服务供应链如何实现绿色转型已经成为亟待解决的难题之一。基于绿色增长理论提出港口服务供应链绿色运营动力因素概念模型,并通过对港口及供应链相关企业的访谈及调研获得数据,最后利用结构方程模型进行验证。研究发现,港口服务供应链绿色运营行为对外部驱动因素具有较高敏感性,其中利益相关者需求具有强直接效应;政策法规、成本投入具有较强的间接效应和强总体效应;管理理念、技术水平具有较强的直接效应,但总体效应一般。研究结论为港口及服务供应链企业制定更具针对性的绿色转型发展策略提供决策依据。     

基于服务外包视角的生产性服务供应链管理模式

针对服务外包的兴起、生产性服务业快速发展的背景,在对服务供应链内涵研究的基础上提出了基于服务外包视角的生产性服务供应链的基本模式,并从供应链结构、运营模式、供应链稳定性及供应链管理内容等方面对其特性进行了探讨,最后从企业外在拉动力和内在推动力两方面分析了生产性服务供应链的形成动因.     

A structural model of supply chain performance in an emerging economy

Drawing on a knowledge-based view and strategic choice theory, this study develops and empirically tests a conceptual framework to assess the effect of knowledge sharing on the development of supply chain capabilities and the effects of such capabilities on supply chain performance. Employing path analysis, it is shown that strong associations exist between the sharing of both explicit and tacit knowledge and the development of supply chain capabilities, including cost efficiency and innovation capabilities. The results also indicate significant moderating effects of cost and innovation orientations on supply chain capabilities, which in turn exert effects on the improvement of supply chain performance. Managerial and theoretical implications are discussed, and future research directions are also suggested.     

Absorptive and desorptive capacity configurations in supply chains: An inverted U-shaped relationship

The extant literature has highlighted the importance of knowledge transfer between a buyer and its supply network for strengthening supply chain competence. This is a bi-directional exchange where the buyer and supply network each act as the sender and receiver of knowledge. Prior research has however largely focused on the knowledge recipient only. We consider both sender and recipient using two key dynamic capabilities related to knowledge transfer: (i) desorptive capacity, which enables the safe transfer of knowledge from the sender; and, (ii) absorptive capacity, which enables the acquisition and assimilation of external knowledge by the recipient. Using the concept of ‘fit’, we investigate whether organisations strengthen supply chain competence when their desorptive capacity exceeds that of their supply network's (positive misfit) and consider the moderating role of the organisation’s and supply network’s absorptive capacity. Multiple regression analysis of survey data from 250 firms identifies an inverted U-shaped relationship between positive desorptive capacity misfit and supply chain competence. Further, this relationship is shown to be moderated by the supply network’s absorptive capacity level. The paper furthers our understanding of supply chain knowledge management enabling buyers and their supply networks to achieve more successful knowledge transfer outcomes.     

Intangible capital,knowledge and new product development competence in supply chains: process,interaction and contingency effects among SMEs

Leveraging the strengths of a firm’s supply chain partners for new product development (NPD) has become essential to satisfy rapidly changing customer demands and to remain competitive. Firms are, therefore, aiming to further their NPD competence, which we define as the ability of the supply chain to improve and generate new products and services, based on the processes and relationships established with suppliers and customers. This study examines how intangible capital and knowledge further the development of NPD competence within the context of a supply chain. A theoretical model, based upon resource-advantage theory, is tested via structural equation modelling utilising survey data collected from 195 small- and medium-sized enterprises in the manufacturing industry reporting on their primary supply chain. Our findings indicate that more easily transferable capital manifests itself in explicit knowledge and less easily transferable capital manifests itself in tacit knowledge. We further identify complementarities of the two types of intangible capital as influencing knowledge type development. More importantly, we find that the two types of knowledge differ in their ability to influence NPD competence in the supply chain, and that these links are moderated by relationship length. Supply chain management implications for academics and practitioners are presented.     

Modelling carbon trading and refrigerated logistics services within a fresh food supply chain under carbon cap-and-trade regulation

Carbon cap-and-trade regulation is widely adopted to reduce carbon emissions. Under this regulation, we propose a carbon trading mechanism considering refrigerated logistics services in a fresh food supply chain. In addition to supplying fresh food, the supplier offers refrigerated logistics services and overstocked carbon emission permits to the retailer. We study the decisions on the price of emission permits traded within the supply chain, the retail price and the price of refrigerated logistics services in different carbon trading options, without carbon trade, inner carbon trade, inner and outer carbon trade. Pricing strategies for fresh food, emission permits and refrigerated logistics services are provided for supply chain members. We also reveal the relationship between carbon trading and refrigerated logistics services, and investigate their joint influence on the supplier–retailer cooperative relationship. In addition, it is shown that with the implementation of a transfer payment mechanism, supply chain members are motivated to participate in the carbon trading mechanism, which has advantages including improved resource utilisation and more competitive supply chains.     

基于溢出效应的供应链知识转移

在提出并分析了若干基本假设的基础上,探讨了二级供应链中的知识转移模型,分析了知识溢出效应对制造商和供应商之间知识转移的影响情况,得出了有助于供应链环境下知识转移的若干结论.     

Pricing and remanufacturing decisions in two competing supply chains

This paper considers the pricing and remanufacturing decisions in a duopoly market with two competing supply chains, which compete at both manufacturer and retailer levels. There are one manufacturer and one retailer in each supply chain, one manufacturer produces the new product directly from raw material, while the other manufacturer has incorporated a remanufacturing process for used product into the original production system. Based on different industry organisation structures and the chain members’ competing forms, five game decision models are established to explore the chain members’ optimal strategies on price and/or remanufacturing, and the corresponding equilibrium solutions are obtained. Finally, we carry out the sensitivity analysis through numerical studies of some key parameters for examining their influences on the pricing decisions and chain members’ maximum profits. On the basis of comparison and analysis, some managerial insights are derived.     

Leagile supply chain: design drivers and business performance implications

In the context of a dynamic and hypercompetitive business environment, effective supply chain design helps organisations to align resources for improved flow of products and services and satisfy customers’ diverse needs. Scholars have proposed several mutually exclusive supply chain designs such as efficient versus responsive, and lean versus agile. Quantitative testing has revealed that supply chain designs of many firms do not match with what was conceptually expected. To address this mismatch, in this study, a new approach to supply chain leagility is introduced and the impact of uncertainty as the key design driver of supply chains on leagility is investigated. The partial least squares (PLS) was employed to analyse data collected from 299 Australian firms by administering a structured questionnaire. Results indicate that higher performance is achievable on minimising the deviation from a balanced supply chain in which aspects of both leanness and agility are equally embedded. Further, the level of uncertainty directly and positively affects the Deviation from Leagility (DFL) index.     

制造商主导下差别主体努力的闭环供应链决策研究

针对再制造节约成本和努力水平对闭环供应链成员回收决策产生影响的问题,构建制造商主导下M模式、R模式和T模式3种不同主体回收模式,利用Stackelberg博弈知识,建立模型,采用数学优化法求解闭环供应链废旧品回收过程中单位价格、回收数量以及回收商利润的最优值,运用对比分析法得出闭环供应链混合回收的最优决策。研究表明,再制造节约成本较大对主体回收均有促进作用;回收努力成本系数的增加,使节点企业利润和闭环供应链系统整体利润均呈现下降趋势,最终利用算例求解,检验结论的合理性。研究为供应链各个主体的最佳定价策略提供有效的参考。     

Supply chain collaboration: conceptualisation and instrument development

Facing intensified global competition, firms strive for greater supply chain collaboration by leveraging the resources and knowledge of key suppliers and valued customers to reduce uncertainty, lower transaction costs, build core competence, capitalise on opportunities for learning and knowledge creation, and improve competitive position. This study examines the nature and characteristics of supply chain collaboration. Through an extensive literature review, it conceptualises supply chain collaboration as seven interconnecting elements: information sharing, goal congruence, decision synchronisation, incentive alignment, resource sharing, collaborative communication, and joint knowledge creation. It develops valid and reliable instruments to measure supply chain collaboration through rigorous empirical and statistical analysis including structured interviews, Q-sort, and a large-scale study. Predictive validity is evaluated by demonstrating a strong and positive relationship between a firm's level of supply chain collaboration and its performance. The definitions and measures that result provide a rich and structured understanding of supply chain design and operation. They also facilitate empirical research and provide analytical consistency that enables greater sharing and comparison of research results.     

Improving the design phase through interorganisational product knowledge models

This paper focuses on the use of interorganisational knowledge models with the purpose of standardising engineer-to-order (ETO) products. Such product variant reductions can lead to decreased costs for both the ETO company and its suppliers without reducing sales. In spite of the attention that supply chain integration has received in the literature, supply chain integration with a focus on the integration of product knowledge in ETO companies and their suppliers has not received much attention. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to define this type of supply chain integration. The concept is investigated by a case study, which supports the claim that supply chain product knowledge integration is an approach for increasing the competitiveness of ETO companies and their suppliers. Given the gap in the literature, the paper may potentially open a new horizon for studying supply chain integration.