基于犹豫模糊广义Choquet积分的风险型供应商选择方法

针对传统供应商选择方法没有考虑市场风险因素以及决策者风险态度的问题,提出了一种基于TODIM的风险型供应商选择方法。针对模糊集处理评价信息的不足,采用犹豫模糊数处理决策者给出的供应商评价值,可以有效反映决策者的不同意见和犹豫性。采用犹豫模糊测度的广义Choquet积分对指标间的相互影响关系进行分析,计算指标权重。考虑到决策者的风险态度,采用改进的TODIM方法对决策者进行心理偏好分析并对各候选供应商进行排序。最后以某生鲜企业选择生鲜候选供应商为例,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

考虑不完全语义信息的风险型供应商选择方法

考虑供应商选择中决策者的风险态度,提出了一种考虑不完全语义决策信息的风险型供应商选择方法。结合二元语义模型和D数获取并处理决策者给出的不确定性和不完全的供应商评价信息,基于D数信息融合模型获取集结后的群决策信息。基于累积前景理论对候选供应商进行评价,考虑市场竞争获取前景价值函数,基于综合前景值最大化优化模型获得的指标权重对供应商进行排序。最后以挖掘机救援与现场维修服务供应商的评价与选择为例,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于混合改进TOPSIS的装备供应商选择方法

针对评价值为混合信息、专家权重未知的装备供应商选择问题,提出一种新的供应商选择决策方法。将语义评价信息转化为有犹豫度差异的直觉模糊数,根据专家评价犹豫度和相似度确定专家权重,并利用混合改进TOPSIS方法集结评价值,克服了数据类型的不可公度性,使评价结果更为客观。算例表明该方法具有良好的稳定性和合理性,同时考虑了专家评价差异性和不确定性对排序结果的影响,能够为装备采购决策提供有效参考。     

排序决策的三角模糊数方法

指出<卓越绩效评价准则>实施中排序决策的重要意义.提出用语言变量表示作为排序基础的两两对象的比较评价,且用模糊三角数来表示相对属性判断值.提出一组对象比较时的相对属性测度、模糊测度矩阵、模糊相对属性权重向量等概念.并在对模糊相对属性权重向量清晰化的基础上最终完成对一组对象的排序.举出某公司供应商选优方案排序的示例,由3名评判者对4个供应商从供应品质量、供应品价格、供应时间、诚信程度4个方面进行排序,在两两比较基础上,应用三角模糊数方法实现选优,最终结果为u1>u2>u4>u3.     

基于模糊决策的供应商选择方法

在分析建立供应商评价指标体系所应遵循的三大原则的基础上，提出了一套供应商评价指标体系。由于供应商选择问题中包含大量的不确定和模糊因素，为此将模糊集合论的思想和方法引入供应商评价中，建立了供应商模糊评价模型，最后给出实例予以验证。     

既有供应商模糊综合评价

对既有供应商的评价是供应链管理的重要内容之一。通过对选择供应商与既有供应商的评价进行比较分析,从生产制造实力、产品质量水平、质量保证能力、工程技术能力、协同能力等5个方面建立了既有供应商的评价指标体系与二级模糊综合评价模型。实证研究表明所构建的评价指标体系与评价模型能够对既有供应商的优劣做出正确的评价,为既有供应商的评价提供了科学的方法。     

糊糊限定微分方程及定解问题

模糊微分方程是指未知模糊值函数及模糊值导数与已知模糊值函数（或已知模糊数）间的条件等式。由于模糊数和模糊值函数关于加减法运算不存在逆关系,致使模糊微分方程的求解远远比普通微分方程求解困难得多,目前已有一些研究成果,但是,他们无法被应用到采场渗流等实际问题之中。文中提出了模糊限定微分方程的概念,它与模糊微分方程不同的是,方程的定义是利用扩张原理的形式给出的。模糊限定微分方程具有广泛的工程应用背景。同时,也得到了模糊限定微分方程的具体求解方法以及模糊限定微分方程解的可表示性的判定方法。     

供应商选择模糊决策方法

制造资源的全球化以及各种先进制造模式的应用使得供应商选择问题变得越来越复杂，加之供应商选择问题中包含大量的不确定因素和模糊因素。在分析供应商评价指标体系所应遵循的原则的基础上，建立了一套供应商评价一般指标体系，然后，将模糊集合论的思想和方法引入其中，提出供应商模糊综合决策方法并给出实例予以验证。     

基于犹豫模糊语言术语的供应商多准则群决策研究

针对全球价值链环境下供应商科学决策问题,提出基于不确定语言术语的多准则群决策模型。首先分别提取专家的偏好信息,将偏好信息转化为犹豫模糊语言术语,引入不确定语言变量进行词计算;其次,运用包络算子融合专家的偏好信息形成犹豫模糊语言术语集,设计集成准则权重的相对贴近度进行产品供应商排序,确定最满意供应商;此外,引入信息熵求解决策过程无先验知识的多准则权重;计算结果表明：3种信息熵参数条件下最满意汽车零部件供应商选择结果完全一致,基于相对贴近度值的供应商优劣排序结果相对于信息熵参数变化不敏感;验证了所提模型可行性、有效性和稳定性,为汽车零部件供应商的实际评价与选择提供有益借鉴。     

产能约束下多源供应商选择及订单分配研究

为有效解决在多产品、多价格折扣、考虑供应商负荷与产能状况及需求量为模糊值等多重约束条件下多供应商联合供货时的订单分配问题,考虑到进行供应商评价与选择时广泛存在的多目标及各目标的模糊性,基于产能约束条件下,对各评价指标及相关约束条件进行量化,建立了模糊多目标规划模型并采用模拟退火算法求解,确定了在多产品、多价格折扣及多供应商存在的条件下考虑供应商负荷与产能约束的订单最佳分配结果,并对结果进行了简要分析。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

The Influence of Nitrogen and Boron Implant into Silicon Substrate on the Phase and Internal Stress of c-BN Films

Cubic boron nitride(c-BN) film was deposited on a Si (100) substrate by the RF-magnetron sputtering.The mainly problems for fabrication of c-BN films are the low purity and high intrinsic compressive stress. In order to solve the two problems, the c-BN film with the buffer interlayer was deposited on the substrate which had been implanted with nitrogen and/or boron ions. The results show: the implantation of nitrogen ions can obviously increase c-BN content and reduce the internal stress slightly; while the implantation of boron shows no obvious improvement to the content of c-BN, which can reduce the internal stress in the film obviously. In addition, it is suggested that the implantation of nitrogen and boron shows the best result, which not only can increase the content of c-BN, but also reduce the internal stress in the c-BN film obviously.