一种基于机器视觉的圆型零件检测技术

利用机器视觉技术建立圆形零件检测系统,采用简单高效的标定方法和亚像素技术实现对圆孔和圆形零件的非接触精密测量。圆孔和圆形的直径测量过程包括图像采集、图像分析处理和结果输出。其核心算法是系统校正、图像预处理、二值化和圆检测。实验结果证明,该系统实现了在线实时检测,其精度达0.01 mm,具有良好的应用前景。     

基于网络可生存性的网站保护系统

利用机器视觉技术建立圆形零件检测系统,采用简单高效的标定方法和亚像素技术实现对圆孔和圆形零件的非接触精密测量.圆孔和圆形的直径测量过程包括图像采集、图像分析处理和结果输出.其核心算法是系统校正、图像预处理、二值化和圆检测.实验结果证明,该系统实现了在线实时检测,其精度达0.01 mm,具有良好的应用前景.     

基于OpenCV的六角钢坯尺寸测量研究

在现代化工业生产中,非接触式钢坯尺寸测量已经成为钢坯检测中的一种十分重要的测量方法;设计了一种基于计算机视觉的六角钢坯尺寸自动测量系统,通过工业数字摄像头采集由激光器照射的钢坯图像,在OpenCV开源平台下,对其进行相关的图像预处理,利用霍夫变换识别出直线段,并提出了一种简单,有效的直线合并算法,最后实现对六角钢坯尺寸的智能测量;实验结果表明,此算法能准确快速地获得钢坯的尺寸信息,在角度测量时最大误差为0.9°,具有很好的精确性和实时性。     

基于机器视觉的弹壳多尺寸测量

考虑弹壳产品的多尺寸检测是制约弹壳生产效率提高的主要因素,引入机器视觉技术建立一个弹壳的多尺寸测量系统,通过对弹壳产品的正、侧图像采集、利用灰度矩边缘检测对图像处理分析、采用Hough变换检测直线、进而计算测量相关尺寸等环节,实现对弹壳产品多个尺寸的非接触精密检测。对一组合格产品的七个尺寸检测实验表明:基于机器视觉的弹壳多尺寸测量系统,可以实现对弹壳多个尺寸的快速精确检测,具有良好的应用前景。     

轴尖表面缺陷检测及尺寸测量系统研究

针对陀螺轴尖加工生产中对表面缺陷进行在线检测和关键几何尺寸进行高精度在线测量问题,设计并实现了基于显微机器视觉技术和快速图像处理技术的在线非接触检测测量系统,检测时,待检轴尖安装在精密位移台上,采用专用光源系统照明,通过显微成像系统成像;图像经采集,预处理、分割、特征提取,参数测量、结果统计等处理步骤,得到轴尖表面缺陷数量及几何尺寸.实测结果表明系统具有高效率、精度高、易于使用等特点,可有效解决轴尖表面缺陷检测及尺寸在线测量问题.     

基于双目视觉系统的LCD端子在线测量研究

在工业自动化应用的测量过程中,主要依靠人工进行液晶显示屏(LCD)端子检测,检测过程困难、效率低等问题时有发生。针对这一问题,设计了一套基于LCD端子在线测量的双目视觉在线测量系统。通过双目摄像机的标定、视觉矫正方法,采集对比度高的图片,提出了一种改进的Hough变换拟合直线。采用Opencv函数库对图像进行形态学处理,并将测量结果实时反馈至控制端,实现了对LCD端子的测量,提高了测量系统的精确率。比较了不同视觉测量系统应用在工业领域的模型,验证了系统具有较高的可行性和鲁棒性,能较好地完成零件的在线检测任务。试验研究和分析结果表明:LCD端子测量的重复性精度可以达到要求,具有较高的实用价值。在未来的工业自动化领域中,通过引入机器视觉相关技术,能有效降低生产成本,提高工作效率。     

基于LabVIEW的网络机器视觉检测系统

针对生产过程中需要实时监测零件尺寸的情况,采用一种网络机器视觉尺寸测量系统,该系统以LabVIEW为平台,配以1394摄像头和图像采集卡,利用一定的图像处理技术完成视觉检测,利用DataSocket技术实现图像的网络实时发布和客户端图像的接收。经过测试,从图像采集、处理和发布系统耗时不超过280m s,该系统开发周期短,检测速度快,充分发挥了虚拟仪器技术的功能强大、扩展性强的特点。     

基于边缘检测的零件自动测试系统的设计

主要提出了利用图像处理技术中边缘检测算法和最小二乘法拟合直线,对零件内部结构之间的垂直度和对称度进行快速、商精度测量的方法;首先CCD图像传感器将需要测量的零件部位和标准件相对应的部位拍摄下来,通过图像采集卡将模拟信号转换成数字信号,利用边缘提取技术和直线拟合技术进行比较测量;本检测系统的优势在于它操作简便,可以进行在线快速测量,降低了测量成本,能满足大规模生产的需要。     

数字图像在零件尺寸测量中的应用

提出一种基于数字图像技术的零件尺寸的测量方法,从数字图像测量系统的建立、图像预处理、直线的Hough变换、圆的最小二乘法拟合、亚象素定位、系统标定等几个方面进行探讨,给出测量方法.从理论上和实践上证明本方法的可行性和正确性.     

基于机器视觉的钢管壁厚在线检测方法研究

在钢管生产过程中,需要对钢管的壁厚进行实时测量,以检验所生产的钢管是否符合规格。针对人工测量钢管壁厚中所出现的测量效率低、易产生疲劳且无法实时测量等问题,基于机器视觉测量技术,提出一种钢管壁厚在线检测方法。该方法首先采集钢管断面图像,然后对采集到的钢管图像进行预处理,使用Canny边缘检测算子检测钢管断面内外圈边缘特征,最后使用改进后的随机霍夫圆检测算法检测断面轮廓,根据设计的钢管壁厚测量方案计算得到各处钢管壁厚。改进的随机霍夫圆检测由于采用分区采样以及筛选出与边缘轮廓契合度最高的候选圆的方式,提高了原检测算法的检测精度与效率。经过实验验证,该方法测量精度高,效率高,能够满足对钢管壁厚在线检测的要求。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.