复杂背景条件下的红外快速运动小目标检测方法

针对复杂背景下红外快速运动小目标检测问题,提出一种将时域特性分析、小波包变换和管道滤波多帧检测相结合的方法。该方法首先对图像进行时域特性分析确定目标所在帧图像序列,再利用小波包变换对目标所在帧图像进行多尺度分解,提取候选目标,然后通过管道滤波从候选目标中确定小目标的位置,完成对小目标的检测。对实测数据进行仿真实验,结果表明该方法能有效检测红外快速运动小目标。     

云天背景下红外序列图像的小目标检测

针对在云天背景下红外小目标的检测提出了一种背景抑制滤波器,与其它滤波器相比,滤波后图像的信噪比有了较大的提高.在图像分割时,先对图像均衡化,再利用最大对比度确定门限,该方法比其他分割方法具有更大的灵活性和有效性.在目标检测阶段,我们先进行HFQC滤波,然后设计管道作目标识别,能够较好地检测目标实验证明,该方法的检测精度有了很大提高.     

联合形态滤波和MRF模型的红外小目标检测

针对复杂背景下红外弱小目标检测难题,提出一种基于自适应形态滤波和Markov随机场(MRF)模型的小目标检测算法。设计基于图像局部熵优化的自适应形态滤波器,采用该滤波器进行背景杂波抑制和目标增强,利用MRF理论描述图像像素间关系,构造新的势函数和能量函数,建立目标检测识别模型,通过模型计算自动识别出红外图像中的小目标。理论分析和实验结果表明,该算法可在复杂背景下自适应地抑制背景杂波,成功检测出红外小目标。     

空时域联合差分检测可见光图像的运动小目标

可见光图像背景常常表现出时域和空域的双重相关特性。针对可见光图像背景下的运动小目标检测,提出了一种空时域联合差分的检测方法。以可见光图像序列模型为基础定性分析了目标、背景和噪声的基本特性和差异;在此基础上提出了空时域联合差分的背景抑制方法,结合流水线结构给出了一种实时性好的具体实现方案。实验结果证实了该方法的有效性。     

红外背景抑制与小目标检测算法

目的 针对Robinson guard滤波器的局限性和红外图像背景抑制问题,提出一种新的红外背景抑制滤波算法。方法 首先通过形态学Tophat算子对图像背景进行抑制,然后对背景抑制后的图像采用改进的Robinson guard滤波器进一步凸显目标,并通过阈值化分割出感兴趣区域,在此基础上,利用Unger平滑去除小的噪声点,最后用局部信杂比（SCR）和移动式管道滤波剔除伪目标,实现运动小目标的准确定位。结果 采用3组不同的红外背景图像序列进行实验,所提算法对不同背景均有很好的抑制效果,与传统Robinson guard滤波方法相比,本文算法不仅能更有效地保留目标的特征信息,而且对3组图像序列的小目标的检测率分别提高了1.1%、2%、11%,虚警率分别降低了14%、12%、16%。结论 本文算法能有效地检测出小目标,具备较高的准确性,对于低信噪比的图像具有良好的适应性。同时,本文算法具有较高的实时处理能力,有利于实现实时性技术应用。     

基于边缘化粒子滤波的红外小目标检测跟踪

针对红外探测系统中单帧红外图像中低信噪比小目标检测问题,提出一种基于边缘化粒子滤波算法的检测前跟踪方法.该方法根据混合状态滤波的思想,直接利用原始图像数据,采用粒子数确定的持续概率密度函数和新生概率密度函数,推导出目标存在的概率.对没有出现在量测方程中的线性状态变量边缘化,用卡尔曼滤波器进行时间更新.实验结果证明,该方...     

MFR-MAP相结合的运动目标检测方法研究

针对运动目标检测的准确性和完整性要求,将静态图像分割算法的空域信息与运动目标检测的时域信息相结合,提出了采用基于MRF-MAP框架的时-空联合的目标检测方法。利用Mean-Shift算法进行空域检测,利用在显著性水平约束下的帧间差分法进行时域检测,构造了时-空联合的MFR模型和相应的能量函数,通过求解能量函数最优解,得到较为理想的运动目标检测结果。     

能量累积与均值漂移聚类结合的红外小目标检测方法

研究红外图像中弱小目标的检测问题,提出了一种基于能量累积与均值漂移聚类的红外小目标检测方法。首先利用滑动窗口处理实现图像序列中目标能量积累,去除图像中的随机噪声,提高信噪比;然后选用不同尺度的核带宽对原始图像进行两次均值漂移聚类滤波,将两次滤波所得的图像灰度进行差分来实现背景抑制,提高目标与背景的对比度;之后根据图像的统计特性确定阈值,用门限分割方法提取目标区域,实现候选目标的准确定位;最后利用序列图像中目标运动的连续性和轨迹的一致性筛选出真正的目标。该算法通过选用不同尺度的核带宽进行聚类来得到目标及背景图像,背景抑制的同时也滤除了噪声。实验结果表明,该方法能快速有效地提取复杂背景条件下的红外小目标。     

基于辅助粒子滤波的红外小目标检测前跟踪算法

研究低信噪比复杂环境下的红外小目标检测和跟踪问题,提出了基于辅助粒子滤波的检测前跟踪算法.首先使用形态学滤波算法对图像进行白化预处理;然后在跟踪阶段采用辅助粒子滤波算法估计目标运动状态,在检测阶段利用跟踪滤波器的输出构造似然比,并进行似然比检验.对真实红外图像序列的实验表明,该算法可成功跟踪和检测信噪比为2的小目标,且其性能优于传统的检测前跟踪算法.     

能量累积与均值漂移聚类结合的红外小目标检测方法

研究红外图像中弱小目标的检测问题,提出了一种基于能量累积与均值漂移聚类的红外小目标检测方法。首先利用滑动窗口处理实现图像序列中目标能量积累,去除图像中的随机噪声,提高信噪比;然后选用不同尺度的核带宽对原始图像进行两次均值漂移聚类滤波,将两次滤波所得的图像灰度进行差分来实现背景抑制,提高目标与背景的对比度;之后根据图像的统计特性确定阈值,用门限分割方法提取目标区域,实现候选目标的准确定位;最后利用序列图像中目标运动的连续性和轨迹的一致性筛选出真正的目标。该算法通过选用不同尺度的核带宽进行聚类来得到目标及背景图像,背景抑制的同时也滤除了噪声。实验结果表明,该方法能快速有效地提取复杂背景条件下的红外小目标。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。