增压涡轮用镍基高温合金的凝固特性和热裂倾向性

研究了增压涡轮用镍基高温合金K418和K419的凝固特性和热裂倾向性。同时研究了合金元素的偏析行为和析出相。结果表明,凝固末期多种强枝晶间偏析元素在液相中的偏聚导致K419合金的凝固行为较K418复杂。多种元素在枝晶间剩余液相中的偏聚导致K419合金的液相线极低。K419合金凝固过程中漫长的剩余液相期的存在严重削弱了枝晶间结合力,增加了其热裂倾向性。基于一种热裂敏感区模型提出热裂倾向性系数判据,K419合金的热裂倾向性系数高于K418合金。     

稀土对Al-Cu合金凝固过程力学行为及固液共存区的影响

本文用自行设计的实验装置研究了富Ce混合稀土,La,Y和Ce对Al-Cu合金凝固过程力学行为和固液共存区的影响.研究表明,加入稀土后,都不同程度地使得准固相线下移,缩小了准固态区,扩大了准液态区,稀土能提高台金在固相线附近的强度,明显地增加合金在准固态的强度增长率.同时,稀土使合金的热裂纹形成温度降低,增加了热裂纹形成应力,降低了合金的热裂倾向性.通过对合金的微观组织断口分析发现,稀土在α-Al中的溶解度很低,使枝晶细化,并在凝固后期使枝晶间的联生增强。     

INFLUENCE OF RARE EARTHS ON MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR AND SOLID-LIQUID COEXISTING ZONE OF Al-Cu ALLOYS DURING SOLIDIFICATION

本文用自行设计的实验装置研究了富Ce混合稀土,La,Y和Ce对Al-Cu合金凝固过程力学行为和固液共存区的影响.研究表明,加入稀土后,都不同程度地使得准固相线下移,缩小了准固态区,扩大了准液态区,稀土能提高台金在固相线附近的强度,明显地增加合金在准固态的强度增长率.同时,稀土使合金的热裂纹形成温度降低,增加了热裂纹形成应力,降低了合金的热裂倾向性.通过对合金的微观组织断口分析发现,稀土在α-Al中的溶解度很低,使枝晶细化,并在凝固后期使枝晶间的联生增强。     

Mg-Zn-Y-Zr合金热裂敏感性的研究

由于镁合金凝固温度区间很长,所以容易产生热裂.作为新型的高强度变形镁合金,Mg-Zn-Y(ZW系)合金在半连续铸造过程中极易发生热裂.采用"CRC" (Constrained Rod Casting)铸造热裂试验及冷却曲线热分析方法研究了ZW系中ZW22、ZW42、ZW44、ZW26、ZW62合金的凝固路径,凝固最后阶段剩余液相分数以及锆细化等因素和其热裂倾向的关系.热裂纹位置因子、宽度因子等热裂敏感性因子的表征结果表明,合金的热裂倾向从大到小顺序为:无Zr的ZW62>ZW62>ZW22,ZW42和ZW44>ZW26合金.无Zr的ZW62合金比其他合金具有更大热裂倾向与几方面因素有关:具有最长的凝固温度区间;从枝晶干涉点到凝固终了温度间形成W相,阻碍枝晶间剩余液体的流动性,不利于枝晶间补缩;最后凝固阶段剩余液相最少,且该阶段固相分数随温度降低增长缓慢;粗大组织和发达的枝晶.     

Mg-6Zn-xCu-0.6Zr合金凝固路径及热裂倾向性

基于修正的Clyne-Davies热裂模型(CSC~*),对Mg-6Zn-xCu-0.6Zr(x%=0,1%,2%,3%,质量分数)合金热裂倾向性进行预测;采用双电偶热分析法研究Mg-6Zn-xCu-0.6Zr合金凝固路径、凝固过程中的特征温度、枝晶干涉固相分数等。利用"T"型热裂模具测试系统采集Mg-6Zn-xCu-0.6Zr合金凝固收缩力随温度(或时间)的变化曲线。实验结果与CSC~*预测值均表明合金的热裂倾向性随着Cu含量的增加而减小。Cu元素的加入使初生α-Mg相的析出温度降低、MgZn_2相的析出温度升高,从而使合金的凝固温度区间变窄,降低合金的热裂倾向性。Mg-6Zn-(0,1)Cu-0.6Zr合金热裂纹断口主要为液膜和分离的自由枝晶臂。Mg-6Zn-(2,3)Cu-0.6Zr合金断口表面生成大量的低熔点共晶相,液膜较厚,增强残余液相对分离的枝晶补缩能力,降低合金的热裂倾向性。     

铸造Al-Si合金流动性和热裂敏感性的研究现状

铸造Al-Si合金特别适合大型薄壁复杂结构铸件的生产.提高合金的流动性和抗热裂敏感性,对提高铸件的合格率具有重要的意义.在梳理、对比、分析铸造Al-Si合金的流动性和热裂敏感性后,得出结论:元素种类与含量对合金的流动性影响很大.合金流动性与枝晶相干点温度联系紧密,合金流动性差异可通过测量枝晶相干点来反映.利用浇注温度与...     

Zn对Mg-9Al合金凝固行为的影响

研究了Zn元素对Mg-9Akl合金的凝固行为，尤其是对热裂倾向性的影响。通过热分析手段考察合金的凝固特征。用热裂环法评价合金的热裂倾向性，引入了热裂倾向性（HSC）因子的概念。并通过金相观察、扫描电镜和电子探针对合金的凝固、热裂行为进行了研究。研究发现，在凝固过程中An,Al元素由于晶间偏析而在晶界富集。Zn元素的加入，增加了晶界低熔点相的量，并降低了其熔点，从而明显增加了合金的热裂倾向性。Mg-9Al-xZn合金的热凝产生于凝固后期，呈沿晶断裂。加入Zn元素对Mg-9Al合金的晶粒有细化作用。     

Cu对Al-7Si-xCu-0.3Mg合金铸造性能的影响

采用单螺旋法和铸造性能多功能测试仪测定了铸造Al-7Si-xCu-0.3Mg(x=1.5%～3.5%,质量分数)合金的流动性、线收缩率和热裂倾向.结合Pandat相平衡软件计算相图、θ相(Al2Cu)的晶体结构特点和凝固显微组织的扫描电镜与能谱分析仪(SEM-EDX)分析,讨论了Cu含量对试验合金的流动性、线收缩率和热裂倾向的影响.随着Cu含量的同时,合金凝固时低熔点富Cu的共晶θ相(Al2Cu)明显增多,容易形成α(Al)枝晶骨架网,导致合金的流动性降低,线收缩率增加,热裂倾向增大.     

Mn对Mg-6.5Zn合金热裂倾向性的影响

通过能够准确检测和记录镁合金凝固过程中温度、收缩位移和收缩应力细微变化的实验装置,研究了Mn对Mg-6.5Zn-xMn系合金凝固过程中热裂倾向性的影响规律.结果表明,所提出的热裂倾向性评价指标最大收缩速率(vmax)和应力累积系数(k)越大,热裂倾向越大,且其在高固相率出现时热裂倾向更显著;随Mn含量的增加,Mg-6.5Zn-xMn系合金的vmax增大,但其出现向低固相率迁移;k在Mn含量为0.35%时达到最大,且在高固相率时出现,导致其热裂倾向性最大.该系合金的热裂纹在凝固后期(高固相率)萌生并扩展,晶粒间存在明显的补缩通道;低熔点相于凝固后期在晶粒表面形成液膜,且液膜越厚,晶粒越细,热裂倾向性越小;枝晶分离后相互接触的枝晶臂搭接形成的晶间搭桥加强了合金凝固后期晶间结合力,但晶粒收缩受阻拉断晶间搭桥会形成热裂.     

Mg-xZn-2Y合金的热裂敏感倾向性（英文）

采用具有测力传感器和数据采集系统的约束棒实验装置研究Zn含量(0,0.5%,1.5%和4.5%)对Mg-2%Y合金热裂敏感倾向性的影响。实验结果表明,不添加Zn元素的合金热裂敏感倾向性最小。随着Zn含量的增加,Mg-2%Y合金的热裂敏感倾向性增强,当Zn含量为1.5%时达到最大值,然后随着Zn含量的进一步增加热裂敏感倾向性降低。在凝固过程中,由于Mg-1.5Zn-2Y合金具有较大的收缩力下降和凝固收缩力释放率,导致该合金的热裂敏感倾向最大。Mg-xZn-2Y系合金的热裂纹是沿着枝晶或晶界萌生和扩展的。通过ProCAST软件模拟合金的热裂敏感倾向性与实验结果一致。     

掺杂稀土类催化剂对LiAlH4放氢性能和相结构的影响

采用球磨的方式在LiAlH4中分别掺入3种稀土催化剂LaCl3、CeCl3和Ce(SO4)2,研究了稀土催化剂对LiAlH4的相结构和放氢性能的影响。结果表明,在球磨过程中,掺杂Ce(SO4)2对LiAlH4的分解基本没有影响,而掺杂LaCl3和CeCl3则造成LiAlH4部分分解,产生了LiCl和Al3RE（RE=La,Ce）相。在LiAlH4放氢反应中,稀土催化剂的加入均使LiAlH4初始放氢温度降低,特别是Ce(SO4)2使第1步的放氢温度降低了约25 ℃。稀土催化剂有助于加快LiAlH4分解反应速率,提高LiAlH4的放氢性能。     

Ce对Mg-Li-Al合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究了Ce对Mg-16Li-5Al合金铸态组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,加入Ce后,晶粒细化,随稀土化合物Al2Ce的增加,Mg17Al12、AlLi两相减少;Ce的加入提高了合金的强度和耐热性能,大量Al2Ce的存在,易割裂基体,使强度降低;分布在晶界附近的稀土化合物改变了合金的断裂方式。     

RE-X二元合金相图的热力学数据库

利用CALPHAD方法,采用亚正规溶体模型、亚点阵模型以及理想气体模型来描述RE-X(Ag,Bi,Cr,Mn,Mo,V,Zn)中二元系各相的Gibbs自由能,并结合相平衡及热力学性质的实验结果,对Ag-RE(RE:Sc,Y Nd,Sm,Gd,.Tb,Ho,Er)、Bi-RE(RE:Nd,Tm,Er,Ho,Pr,Gd)、...     

Correlation analysis on partition of rare earth in ion-exchangeable phase from weathered crust ores

1Introduction Weathered crust ores which are widely deposited in Jiangxi,Fujian,Guangdong,Hunan,Yunnan and Guangxi provinces in the south of China[1?3]are the main resources of mid-heavy RE.Their development and utilization have solved the shortage proble…     

Influence of rare earth Ce addition on the microstructure,properties and soldering reaction of pure Sn

The influence of trace rare earth (RE) Ce addition on the microstructure, melting point and wettability of pure Sn as well as on the soldering reactions in Sn-xCe/Cu(Ni) solder joints was investigated. In bulk Sn-xCe solders, large β-Sn grains were observed with the Ce addition less than 0.2 wt%; while the β-Sn grain size decreased markedly when the Ce addition was 0.2 wt%, resulting in a refined microstructure. The addition of trace RE Ce had little effect on the melting temperature of the solders. Smaller wetting angles of Sn-xCe solders on both Cu and Ni substrates were measured when the samples were reflowed at a higher temperature. The Sn-0.2Ce solder owned the best wettability on Cu substrate. Scallop-like Cu₆Sn₅ intermetallic compound (IMC) grains formed at the Sn-xCe/Cu interfaces, while a continuous Ni₃Sn₄ IMC layer formed at each Sn-xCe/Ni interface. With the increase of Ce addition, the interfacial IMC grain size and the interfacial IMC layer thickness on both Cu and Ni substrates decreased gradually. The activity of Sn was lowered with the Ce addition, which depressed the growth of the interfacial IMC. In the current study, the Ce addition of 0.2 wt% exhibits the optimized performance.     

Effects of rare earth cerium addition on the synthesis and corrosion resistance of electroless Ni–PTFE–P coating

Electroless Ni–PTFE–P coatings have been successfully deposited on the surface of mild steel shaft from plating baths containing various concentrations of rare earth metal cerium (RE Ce). Surface morphology, Ce fraction, and thickness of the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscope, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and reflection optical microscope, respectively. Salt spray test was used to determine the corrosion resistance of the coating. Results revealed that structure, compactness, and deposition rate of the Ni–PTFE–P coatings were increased significantly by addition of a small amount of RE Ce (10–20 ppm) to the plating bath. Electroless Ni–PTFE–P coating deposited from plating baths with 20 ppm Ce shows the highest corrosion resistance, owing to its high compactness and thickness. Deposition rate and corrosion resistance of the Ni–PTFE–P coating were deteriorated greatly as concentration of RE Ce in the plating baths exceeds 100 ppm.     

Influence of rare earth element Ce and La addition on corrosion behavior of AZ91 magnesium alloy

Two types of AZ91 magnesium alloys containing rare earth element Ce or La were fabricated. Hydrogen evolution and electrochemical tests were carried out to evaluate the corrosion behavior of new AZRE (RE = Ce or La) and AZ91 alloys in 3.5% NaCl solutions (pH 6.50). Various corrosion rate tests indicated that addition of RE obviously enhanced corrosion resistance of AZ91 magnesium alloy. The optimal content of RE was 0.92% for Ce and 0.66% for La. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and low‐angle X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the effect of RE addition on microstructure and corrosion product film of AZ91 magnesium alloy. The refined β phase and formation of γ phase in AZRE alloy were observed by SEM, which resulted in the improvement of corrosion resistance due to the depression of microgalvanic couples. Moreover, the enhanced protective effectiveness of corrosion products was another reason for the improved corrosion resistance.     

稀土元素对AZ91D合金晶粒细化的影响

研究了不同混合稀土添加量对AZ91D合金晶粒细化的影响。试验结果表明混合稀土对AZ91D合金有明显的细化效果。当混合稀土的添加量为0．05％(质量分数)时，混合稀土中的Ce，Nd和Pr等在未形成A1-RE化合物之前，大部分以质点的形式弥散分布在AZ91D合金熔体中，可能起到非均匀形核的作用；随着混合稀土添加量的增多，RE优先与Al生成A1-RE化合物，这些化合物大部分偏聚在晶界上，阻碍了晶粒的长大，从而细化了晶粒。     

Enhancement Mechanism of Cerium in 316LN Austenitic Stainless Steel During Creep at 700 °C

Effect of cerium (Ce) on creep strength and microstructure of 316LN austenitic stainless steel (316LN steel) at 700 °C/150 MPa was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and thermodynamic calculations. Addition of 0.032 wt% Ce to 316LN steel results in a prominent increase in creep life from 313 to 556 h. Ce enriches in titanium nitride nanoparticles, increases slightly the activity and diffusion coefficient of Mo, and facilitates the formation of fine and dense intragranular Laves phase precipitates. Thus the creep strength is remarkably enhanced by Ce addition in 316LN steel through the intragranular Laves phase precipitation strengthening. It reveals a new insight into the improvement effect of rare earth (RE) elements such as Ce on creep strength of austenitic stainless steels, which inspired the design of RE-microalloying heat-resistant steels.     

预置填充稀土激光焊接对TiNi形状记忆合金功能性的影响

采用Nd-YAG连续激光器对2 mm厚Ti-Ni50.9at%形状记忆合金进行焊缝预置填充材料激光焊接,预置填充材料是通过熔炼方法制备的添加2%(质量分数)稀土元素La和Ce的与母材同等原子比的TiNi合金.对形状记忆合金母材及焊缝(无填充稀土与填充稀土)的马氏体相变行为、机械性及超弹性进行了对比研究.利用差热分析仪(DSC)测试焊缝及母材的马氏体相变及温度;通过应力-应变拉伸测试母材及焊缝的机械性能及超弹性.结果表明:由于填充稀土,使TiNi形状记忆合金马氏体相变温度Ms和终了温度Mf提高,同时使马氏体向奥氏体转变的起始温度As和终了温度Af提高,奥氏体的相变区间缩小:填充稀土焊接接头的抗拉强度比无填充稀土焊接接头有明显提高,填充稀土焊接接头试样断裂前可以承受比母材更大的变形;填充稀土激光焊缝呈现较好的超弹性.