Different levels of differentiation of blood leukemia cells in patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia

The immunological phenotype of blood leukemic cell samples derived from 52 patients with B-cellular chronic lympholeukemia (B-CLL) was defined with the use of monoclonal antibodies and antisera to differentiation antigens and immunoglobulins. Leukemic cells were divided into 6 groups according to the stages of B-cell lineage differentiation: pre-B-cells, early and late antigen-independent stages and three consecutive antigen-dependent stages of differentiation. It was established that in case of B-CLL phenotypic characteristics of later stages of B-lymphocyte differentiation dominated.     

Effect of phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen and blood serum on the in vitro cloning of normal hematopoietic cells and in leukemias

Culture of normal and leukemic hemopoietic cells was performed in the "agar drop-liquid medium" system. It is shown that cloning of the hemopoietic cells with mitogen does not result in amplication of proliferation of clonal cells, and does not enchance formation of optimal conditions for cell growth in vitro. Addition of blood serum of healthy people, and especially the serum of patients with different hematologic diseases to the liquid medium, leads to an increase in CFU-GM or colonies. It is suggested that mitogens may exert an indirect action on the clonogenic cells in which a colony stimulating serum factor probably takes part.     

Changes in the proteolytic activity and components of the blood kallikrein-kinin system during the growth and metastasis of experimental neoplasms

Changes in the total blood proteolytic activity, prekallikrein level, serum kallikrein inhibitors and other proteinases were studied during the growth and metastatic spreading of different experimental tumours. It has been established that the dissemination and metastatic spreading of Guérin carcinoma inoculated intratesticularly to rats is accompanied by a decrease in the content of prekallikrein and serum kallikrein inhibitors, which shows the activation of blood kinins. Changes in the total proteolysis and in prekallikrein content in mice with carcinoma 3LL and melanoma B-16 are of two-phase character: at the first stage after tumour inoculation there occurs an increase in the proteolytic activity and in prekallikrein content. At the second stage (14 to 28 days) characterized by the appearance of lung metastases, quite a pronounced and stable inhibition of the total proteolysis and of prekallikrein level was observed together with an increased level of proteinase inhibitors. The data obtained show that disturbances in the reactions of limited proteolysis, in particular shifts of the blood kallikrein-kinin system, play a definite role in the development of the metastatic process.     

高强度超声切除离体人子宫内膜癌的实验研究

目的：探讨高强度超声（High intensity ultrasound,HIU）切除离体人子宫内膜癌的有效性及可行性。方法：收集人子宫内膜癌标本15例,用频率7.5MHz,声强50W/cm2的超声进行辐照,每次辐照时间5秒至20秒,辐照后进行TTC染色及光镜下观察损伤范围及程度。结果：随着超声辐照时间的延长,损伤深度在逐渐增大,最大损伤深度可达到12mm,出现在单次辐照20秒;HIU辐照后的子宫内膜癌及其下部分肌层TTC染色不着色,辐照区内癌细胞发生凝固性坏死。结论：声强50W/cm2的HIU能有效损伤离体子宫内膜癌,超声对子宫内膜癌的损伤深度与辐照时间有关。     

The sensitivity of the blood lymphocytes in stomach cancer patients to met-enkephalin, dopamine and serotonin

Sensitivity of blood lymphocytes to the stimulating effect of met-enkephalin and dopamine was shown to decrease at late stages of the gastric cancer (IIIB-IV) or in the case of metastases to other organs, while to the inhibitory effect of serotonin it increased as compared to early stages (I-IIA). Using specific blockers of opioid, dopamine and serotonin receptors it was shown that these effects were mediated through stimulation of respective type receptors.     

Changes in sensitivity of lymphocyte cholinergic receptors in patients with breast cancer

Alteration of the cholinoreceptor sensitivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with breast cancer was studied by the lymphocyte adhesion inhibition test (LAI-test). It has been shown that acetylcholine stimulates the LAI-reaction in optimal concentrations of 10(-7)-10(-8) M. Specific antagonists (m-cholinoblocker of atropin and n-cholinoblocker of hexonium) being used, it is demonstrated that the revealed cholinergic enhancement of the lymphocyte adherence inhibition is mediated through the stimulating influence of acetylcholine on m-cholinoreceptors. It is established that the lymphocyte cholinoreceptor sensitivity of the patients with breast cancer at the advanced stages is significantly lower than in patients with breast cancer at early stages.     

逆合成孔径雷达多普勒质心跟踪法性能分析

 目标强散射中心的转动相位成分(RPC)是限制逆合成孔径雷达多普勒质心跟踪(DCT)法自聚焦性能的主要因素.基于统一的目标散射信号模型,本文提出扰动角的概念以衡量RPC的影响,并分析了决定扰动角的若干因素.据此,本文证明了提高雷达脉冲重复频率可改善DCT法的自聚焦性能,并证明了圆移位DCT(CS-DCT)和图像均衡DCT(IE-DCT)两类改进方法的原理等效性.最后,数值实验结果验证了本文性能分析的正确性.     

Phospholipid composition of tumors and homologous tissues of rats exposed to dimethylnitrosamine

Quantitative changes in phospholipid spectra of blood serum, liver, kidneys and tumour tissues were determined at different stages of carcinogenesis induced by nitrosodimethylamine in rats. It was established that tissue of kidney tumours differs from homologous tissue only in the total amount of phospholipids as well as of cardiolipin phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin. Essential changes were revealed in the phospholipid spectrum of blood serum and liver of tumour-bearing rats. The inverse correlation was found in phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine amount in these tissues.     

Tumor-induced immunosuppression in breast cancer patients

A comparative study of immunological reactivity of healthy volunteers and cancer patients with different stages of the disease was carried out. The study of 8 types of suppressor cells, chemoreceptor sensitivity and blast transformation of lymphocytes, natural killer cells, the level of immunoglobulins, regulatory subpopulation of lymphocytes, etc., has revealed several alterations in regulatory and effector links of immunity in the patients with late stages of the disease. The detailed immunological monitoring in the course of varying schemes of treatment is emphasized.     

Suppressor function of the blood lymphocytes in patients with stomach cancer undergoing gastrectomy combined with splenectomy

Suppressor status of immunity in 34 patients with gastric cancer of the III-IV stages was studied before and after (15 days and 3 months) gastrectomy and gastrosplenectomy. The control group consisted of 42 healthy donors. It was shown that gastrectomy caused inhibition of the endogenous activity, but stimulated the function of the prostaglandin-producing suppressor cells while combined gastrosplenectomy induced inhibition of the function of both endogenous and prostaglandin-producing suppressor cells.     

Colony formation efficiency in agar cultures of the bone marrow and spleen from intact mice in diffusion chambers implanted in the abdominal cavity of mice with Lewis pulmonary carcinoma

In C57Bl/6 mice with different stages of Lewis lung carcinoma growth used as recipients of diffusion chambers, after subcutaneous transplantation of tumour cells there was an increased output of colonies in the bone marrow and spleen cell cultures (CFU-DC) as compared to the control, The cocultivation of normal (bone marrow and spleen) and tumour cells has no influence on the effectiveness of their cloning.     

Effect of indomethacin on the immunological indices of patients with inoperable stomach cancer

Immunoregulatory T-lymphocytes (T mu- and T gamma-lymphocytes) and circulating immune complexes were studied in inoperable patients with the stomach carcinoma of stages III-IV. It is established that the absolute number of T-lymphocytes, mainly of T-helpers/inductors increases after the administration of indomethacin and 5-fluorouracil with indomethacin. The T mu/T gamma-lymphocyte ratio increases and approaches the control values. The level of the circulating immune complexes tends to be normalized. The main effect of indomethacin is determined by the effect of T-lymphocytes on immunoregulatory subpopulations.     

Polymorphism of restriction fragments of the Ha-ras-1 protooncogene in patients with carcinoma and ulcers of the stomach

Ha-ras restriction fragments' length polymorphism (RFLP) in white blood cells and stomach tissues from patients with carcinoma and ulcer of the stomach was examined. Genomic DNAs were digested with Xho I, Pvu II, Pst I, Msp I, Bcn I, Mva I, Bsp RI. No Ha-ras-1 polymorphic variants specifically associated with the cancer disease were detected. RFLP of the 3'-noncoding sequence of c-Ha-ras-1 gene had got features of the definite human population. The cells forming the tissue were examined and individual peculiarity of the methylated residues disposition seemed to influence RFLP of the 5'-noncoding sequence of c-Ha-ras-1.     

Polarographically active fraction of alpha 1-unstable glycoprotein in the blood serum during the malignant process

The simple method of polarographical testing of the peripheral blood serum is recommended as a part of the complex cancer diagnosis for the evaluation of the effectivity of cancer treatment and for the mass preventive examination. This method modified by I. A. Pelishenko (POISK-test) has permitted detecting a protein substance in the serum of cancer patients as well as in the serum both of the rats bearing Pliss sarcoma and in the serum of the irradiated dogs. It was proved that this protein indicates the presence of malignancy and represents polarographically active fraction of the alpha 1-unstable glycoprotein. This substance was designated as "Informative Pelishenko Protein" (IPP), and may be revealed by the polarographic indicator (IPM-01) made in Leningrad.     

The characteristics of the incorporation of the 14C-glucose label into the total lipids of the organs and tissues of Wistar rats with Guérin's carcinoma under differing nutritional conditions

Peculiarities of 14C-glucose label incorporation into total lipids (TL) of organs, tissues, blood serum and tumors in rats with the Guérin carcinoma under different nutrition conditions have been studied. It is determined that after recycling 14C-glucose is used in TL synthesis of organs, tissues, tumor which may be again involved in the process of metabolism, that evidences for the function of the synthesis mechanism and mobilization of TL. With an increase of tumor mass the specific activity of label in TL of organs and tissues decreases. In contrast to organs and tissues, the tumor involves 14C-glucose into synthesis of own TL independent of nutrition conditions, their level does not decrease in starvation.     

Change in the protein kinase activity of glandular stomach mucosa in rats during malignant transformation

Changes in the activity of protein kinases in the glandular stomach mucosa of rat were studied in the case of carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N'-nitrosoguanidine. No essential changes in the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (histone kinase) were found in the mucosa as well as in tissues of the developed tumours of the rat glandular stomach. The activity of cAMP-independent protein kinase (casein kinase) increased significantly 3 months after the beginning of the carcinogen administration and at the late stages (after 12-15 months) it was decreased considerably both in the glandular stomach tumours and in the stomach mucosa without the characters of the malignant growth. It is supposed that changes in the activity of casein kinase in the stomach mucosa at the late carcinogenesis stages are associated with the neoplastic transformation and precede the appearance of morphological characters of the malignization.     

The correlation of the in vitro 14C-glycine absorption by murine and human leukemic cells with the antitumor effect of vincristine

Vincristine (VCR) studied for its in vitro effect on glycine accumulation by mouse leukemic cells and blood blast cells of patients with hemoblastosis. It is found that the value of glycine cell accumulation and a degree of inhibition of the initial level of amino acid accumulation in a cell by alkaloid correlate with the antitumour action of the preparation. The glycine accumulation by blood blast cells (less than 40 nmol/min/10(9) cells), absence of the VCR effect on this process are found to be unfavourable prognostic factors for successful chemotherapy of patients by VCR. The possible role of the cellular membrane in the mechanism of the VCR action is discussed.     

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate content in the lymphocytes of cancer patients

Examinations have been carried out on 83 cancer patients (aged 34-72), 24 patients with atherosclerosis (aged 38-68) and 34 healthy persons (aged 20-69). The cAMP concentration decrease with age in lymphocytes of healthy persons is confirmed. This index in patients with lung carcinoma, breast carcinoma in remission and in patients with atherosclerosis was identical with that of healthy persons, but in patients with breast and corpus uteri carcinomas without metastases it was higher than in healthy persons of the similar age. The amount of cAMP in lymphocytes is compared with the magnitude of the blast transformation and with the amount of cholesterol in blood and lymphocytes in examined persons. The cAMP level in lymphocytes is observed to increase in the process of hyperlipidemia disappearance in cancer patients and in those with atherosclerosis.     

Effect of staphylococcal enterotoxin A on the development of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice

The effect of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A (SEA) was studied for its effect on the development of the Lewis carcinoma in mice. It was shown that administration of SEA immediately after the appearance of the primary node in mice after transplantation of tumour cells led to insignificant inhibition of the node growth and a slight decrease of tumour metastasizing into the lungs. Inoculation of mice after the appearance of the primary node with 1/microgram of SEA 5 times a week significantly increased their survival rate. The lack of the marked effect of SEA appears to be associated with the disturbance of the immune interferon system functioning in tumour-bearing mice, since the production of serum interferon induced by SEA in mice with tumours was considerably lower than in the intact ones.     

Biometric research in the cytomorphological diagnosis of endometrial lesions

Morphometrical and optical density (including DNA content) parametres of nuclei of the endometrial epithelial cells in smears of endometrial aspirates obtained from 57 women without endometrial disorders with hyperplastic, precancer conditions and endometrial cancer have been measured by using television image analyzer IBAS-2. Biometrical data have demonstrated a good correlation with cytomorphological diagnostic criteria and in 85.7% they have facilitated discrimination of the normal and hyperplastic epithelium from precancer and high differentiated endometrial cancer.