基于区间B样条小波有限元的转子裂纹定量识别

研究一种基于区间B样条小波有限元的转子横向裂纹定量识别方法.构造包含转动惯量影响的区间B样条小波Rayleigh梁单元,高精度求解裂纹转子前三阶固有频率,获得裂纹相对位置和相对深度作为变量的固有频率解曲面.然后将实测的裂纹转子前三阶固有频率作为裂纹识别问题的输入,利用三条等高线的交点定量识别出裂纹存在的相对位置和相对深度.数值仿真和试验研究结果表明,该方法鲁棒性强,单元数量少,辨识精度和效率高,为转子系统裂纹定量识别提供了新方法.     

基于小波有限元和遗传优化算法的转轴裂纹诊断

构造Rayleigh-Euler和Rayleigh-Timoshenko区间B样条小波梁单元,分别离散柔性转轴和刚性转盘,建立转子系统有限元模型.求解裂纹转子前三阶固有频率,并将其拟合成裂纹相对位置和相对深度的函数.将裂纹识别中的匹配追踪问题转化为多维优化问题,以实测固有频率作为输入,利用遗传算法寻优求解出与输入值相差最小的样本点,进而测出裂纹的相对位置和深度.试验研究表明,所提出的裂纹诊断方法具有较好的精度和鲁俸性,且易于在工程实践中进行裂纹转子定量诊断.     

梁类结构多裂纹微弱损伤的小波有限元定量检测方法

提出了一种定量检测梁类结构多裂纹参数的方法。利用适宜求解奇异性问题的小波有限元法,从动力学正问题入手,对裂纹梁进行有限元建模,获得裂纹故障在结构固有频率上反映的本质征兆,并利用曲面拟合技术绘制出以裂纹位置和深度作为变量的固有频率变化率曲面,然后对整个裂纹梁进行剖分,迭代求解出每个剖分单元上的结构损伤系数。损伤系数为正的单元诊断为裂纹单元,在每个裂纹单元上求出裂纹对应的前三阶固有频率变化率,并分别将其作为输入参数代入固有频率变化率曲面,做出前三阶模态的频率变化率等高线,最后通过三条等高线的交点预测出裂纹存在的位置和深度,算例分析验证了该算法的有效性。     

工字截面梁轨结构裂纹损伤的小波有限元定量诊断

研究工字截面梁轨结构裂纹定量识别中的正反问题,即通过裂纹位置和深度求解结构的固有频率以及利用结构的固有频率,识别裂纹位置和深度.裂纹被看作为一扭转线弹簧,利用工字梁裂纹应力强度因子推导出线弹簧刚度,构造出结构的小波有限元刚度矩阵和质量矩阵,从而获得裂纹结构的前3阶固有频率.通过行列式变换,将反问题求解简化为只含线弹簧刚度一个未知数的一元二次方程求根问题,分别做出以不同固有频率作为输入值时裂纹位置与裂纹深度之间的解曲线,曲线交点预测出裂纹的位置与深度,试验结果验证算法的有效性.     

基于小波有限元法的悬臂梁裂纹识别的试验研究

利用小波有限元法求解了裂纹悬臂梁的前三阶固有频率,并将其拟合成以裂纹位置和深度作为变量的固有频率解曲面;将实测的裂纹梁前三阶固有频率作为裂纹识别反问题的输入,绘制出各阶固有频率等高线,三条等高线的交点预测出裂纹存在的位置和深度。试验结果验证了算法的有效性,这为其实际应用提供了有力的试验依据。     

基于小波变换的轴力杆裂纹识别

基于裂纹识别中的正反问题,以裂纹轴力杆为例,将有限元与断裂力学相结合,建立了裂纹轴力杆动力学模型,推导了裂纹轴力杆单元等效刚度矩阵,求解出不同裂纹位置和尺寸下系统固有频率;利用小波变换对采集的故障信号进行小波分解和谱分析,使得故障信号的频率在小波分析的细节信号中得到放大,对比该频率和各种故障下计算的故障频率理论值确定裂纹相对位置和尺寸。算例证实了该算法的有效性,为工程结构轴力杆裂纹故障诊断提供了新方法。     

非均匀有理B样条曲线的多分辨光顺研究

针对非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲线节点分布不均匀和控制顶点任意个数的情况,基于小波技术的NURBS曲线光顺算法需要进一步完善。该文基于NURBS,着重研究了非均匀B样条小波的精确构造:通过NURBS基函数构建了重构矩阵的零空间求解方程,并针对非均匀B样条所构建的系数矩阵改善了零空间求解方法,实现了非均匀B样条小波的构造。从而实现了任意控制顶点的NURBS曲线多分辨光顺。文章最后通过对旗鱼脊线的光顺,验证了该算法的实用性和稳定性。     

管壳单元和管单元摩托车车架模态分析与实测研究

为了解A150摩托车的动特性参数,分别建立了该车车架的管壳单元和壳单元两种有限元模型并进行了模态分析,得到了该车架小于400Hz的11阶固有频率.采用自行研发的模态试验测试分析系统,对车架的固有频率进行了实测.结果表明:对于管壳单元和管单元两种车架模型,计算固有频率与实测值的平均误差为分别为1.22%和0.89%,均方差分别为8.70%和3.62%,误差值在可接受范围内,说明所建有限元模型的正确性.对比管壳单元模型和管单元模型,前者精度相对较低,运算量小,适合对车架优化的定性分析;后者精度相对较高,适合对车架优化的定量分析.     

含垂直裂纹的简支梁自由振动分析

裂纹将改变梁结构局部刚度,导致其结构模态参数变化,影响结构工作特性。针对这个问题,以简支梁为研究对象,采用有限元分析方法,建立含垂直内部裂纹的简支梁有限元模型,研究垂直内部裂纹的长度和位置对简支梁的固有频率和振型的影响规律。讨论垂直内部裂纹简支梁振动曲率与裂纹长度和位置的关系。结果表明,随着裂纹长度的增加,简支梁的固有频率减小,裂纹简支梁与健康简支梁之间的差异逐渐增加;垂直内部裂纹将导致简支梁在裂纹所在截面附件的局部刚度发生变化,且裂纹的影响区域随着裂纹长度的增加而增加;振型的曲率可以用于识别简支梁垂直内部裂纹位置。     

基于风力机叶片固有频率的裂纹定位方法

针对风力机叶片裂纹定位问题,基于裂纹叶片固有频率差值比参数只与损伤位置相关的关系,提出了固有频率差值比的裂纹位置参数,通过数值仿真计算,建立裂纹位置参数数据库,提出裂纹定位参数及裂纹定位准则,实现了叶片裂纹所属区间定位;同时,研究叶片裂纹定位参数在裂纹区间内的变化规律,建立了裂纹定位参数与区间相对位置间的映射关系,实现了叶片裂纹区间内的精确定位。通过数值仿真分析验证了该方法的有效性,且定位精度较高,为实际的应用提供有力的依据。     

Crack fault quantitative diagnosis based on finite element of B-spline wavelet on the interval

The model-based forward and inverse problems in the diagnosis of structural crack faults were studied. The forward problem is to solve the natural frequencies through a cracked structural model and the inverse problem is to quantitatively determine the crack parameters using the experimental testing frequencies. Then, the one-dimensional crack element of B-spline wavelet on the interval (BSWI) was built to solve the forward problem. Contour plots of normalized crack location versus normalized crack size were plotted by using the first three natural frequencies as the inputs. The intersection of the three curves predicted the normalized crack location and size. The experimental study verified the validity of the wavelet-based crack element in solving crack singular problems to overcome the disadvantages of the traditional finite element method (FEM), such as low efficiency, insufficient accuracy, slow convergence to correct solutions, etc. At the same time, it had adequate identification precision. The new method can be applied to prognosis and quantitative diagnosis of incipient crack. __________ Translated from Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2005, 27 (2) (in Chinese)     

Identification of a crack in a beam by the boundary element method

A method to detect a crack in a beam is presented. The crack is not modeled as a massless rotational spring, and the forward problem is solved for the natural frequencies using the boundary element method. The inverse problem is solved iteratively for the crack location and the crack size by the Newton-Raphson method. The present crack identification procedure is applied to the simulation cases which use the experimentally measured natural frequencies as inputs, and the detected crack parameters are in good agreements with the actual ones. The present method enables one to detect a crack in a beam without the help of the massless rotational spring model.     

Second Generation Wavelet Finite Element and Rotor Cracks Quantitative Identification Method

The presence of cracks in the rotor is one of the most dangerous and critical defects for rotating machinery. Defect of fatigue cracks may lead to long out-of-service periods, heavy damages of machines and severe economic consequences. With the method of finite element, vibration behavior of cracked rotors and crack detection was received considerable attention in the academic and engineering field. Various researchers studied the response of a cracked rotor and most of them are focused on the crack detection based on vibration behavior of cracked rotors. But it is often difficult to identify the crack parameters quantitatively. Second generation wavelets (SGW) finite element has good ability in modal analysis for singularity problems like a cracked rotor. Based on the fact that the feature of SGW could be designed depending on applications, a multiresolution finite element method is presented. The new model of SGW beam element is constructed. The first three natural frequencies of the rotor with different crack location and size were solved with SGW beam elements, and the database for crack diagnosis is obtained. The first three metrical natural frequencies are employed as inputs of the database and the intersection of the three frequencies contour lines predicted the normalized crack location and size. With the Bently RK4 rotor test rig, rotors with different crack location and size are tested and diagnosed. The experimental results denote the cracks quantitative identification method has higher identification precision. With SGW finite element method, a novel method is presented that has higher precision and faster computing speed to identify the crack location and size.     

基于遗传算法的旋转机械转子裂纹识别的研究

转子裂纹是旋转机械中常见且危险的一种故障,转子裂纹的有效识别和定位也是故障诊断领域一直研究的课题。将转子裂纹的识别作为一反问题,从反问题的求解角度,提出了基于遗传算法的转子裂纹识别策略,该策略的基本思路是借助于有限元分析方法建立裂纹转子的有限元模型,并将转子裂纹识别问题形式化为一优化问题,进而利用遗传算法进行优化求解实现转子裂纹的识别。数值仿真研究表明,所提出的裂纹识别的反问题进化求解策略能以较好的精度和鲁棒性识别转子裂纹,是有效可行的,且适用于更广泛的无损检测和缺陷辨识等应用场合。     

Pipe crack identification based on finite element method of second generation wavelets

In this paper, a new method is presented to identify crack location and size, which is based on stress intensity factor suitable for pipe structure and finite element method of second generation wavelets (SGW-FEM). Pipe structure is dispersed into a series of nested thin-walled pipes. By making use of stress intensity factor of the thin-walled pipe, a new calculation method of crack equivalent stiffness is proposed to solve the stress intensity factor of the pipe structure. On this basis, finite element method of second generation wavelets is used to establish the dynamic model of cracked pipe. Then we combine forward problem with inverse problem in order to establish quantitative identification method of the crack based on frequency change, which provides a non-destructive testing technology with vibration for the pipe structure. The efficiency of the proposed method is verified by experiments.     

Crack detection in a beam with an arbitrary number of transverse cracks using genetic algorithms

In this paper, a crack detection approach is presented for detecting depth and location of cracks in beam-like structures. For this purpose, a new beam element with an arbitrary number of embedded transverse edge cracks, in arbitrary positions of beam element with any depth, is derived. The components of the stiffness matrix for the cracked element are computed using the conjugate beam concept and Betti’s theorem, and finally represented in closed-form expressions. The proposed beam element is efficiently employed for solving forward problem (i.e., to gain precise natural frequencies and mode shapes of the beam knowing the cracks’ characteristics). To validate the proposed element, results obtained by new element are compared with two-dimensional (2D) finite element results and available experimental measurements. Moreover, by knowing the natural frequencies and mode shapes, an inverse problem is established in which the location and depth of cracks are determined. In the inverse approach, an optimization problem based on the new finite element and genetic algorithms (GAs) is solved to search the solution. It is shown that the present algorithm is able to identify various crack configurations in a cracked beam. The proposed approach is verified through a cracked beam containing various cracks with different depths.     

Closed-form solutions for crack detection problem of Timoshenko beams with various boundary conditions

An analytical approach for crack identification procedure in uniform beams with an open edge crack, based on bending vibration measurements, is developed in this research. The cracked beam is modeled as two segments connected by a rotational mass-less linear elastic spring with sectional flexibility, and each segment of the continuous beam is assumed to obey Timoshenko beam theory. The method is based on the assumption that the equivalent spring stiffness does not depend on the frequency of vibration, and may be obtained from fracture mechanics. Six various boundary conditions (i.e., simply supported, simple–clamped, clamped–clamped, simple–free shear, clamped–free shear, and cantilever beam) are considered in this research. Considering appropriate compatibility requirements at the cracked section and the corresponding boundary conditions, closed-form expressions for the characteristic equation of each of the six cracked beams are reached. The results provide simple expressions for the characteristic equations, which are functions of circular natural frequencies, crack location, and crack depth. Methods for solving forward solutions (i.e., determination of natural frequencies of beams knowing the crack parameters) are discussed and verified through a large number of finite-element analyses. By knowing the natural frequencies in bending vibrations, it is possible to study the inverse problem in which the crack location and the sectional flexibility may be determined using the characteristic equation. The crack depth is then computed using the relationship between the sectional flexibility and the crack depth. The proposed analytical method is also validated using numerical studies on cracked beam examples with different boundary conditions. There is quite encouraging agreement between the results of the present study and those numerically obtained by the finite-element method.     

配气台管路系统气固耦合振动特性分析

针对配气台管路振动问题,采用传递矩阵法和有限元模态分析法,建立管道系统振动频率的计算模型.运用MATLAB,ANSYS和AMESim软件分析计算,得到气柱固有频率、结构固有频率及扰动频率三者之间的关系,确定配气台管路振动的原因,并提出有效的解决措施.研究表明:由于扰动频率与管路内气柱低阶固有频率相近,激发配气台管路剧烈...