硫酸盐还原菌诱发腐蚀的研究热点

概述了硫酸盐还原菌诱发腐蚀及相关领域的研究现状,包括硫酸盐还原菌的生化、生态特性研究,并着重论述了硫酸盐还原菌诱发腐蚀产物 铁硫化物对腐蚀过程的影响。     

硫酸盐还原菌杀菌剂及防护涂层的研究进展

金属是目前应用最广泛的材料之一,然而金属极易腐蚀,其中微生物腐蚀在金属腐蚀中不容忽视.硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)是引起金属发生微生物腐蚀的重要因素.从目前已经广泛应用的2种微生物腐蚀防治措施出发,阐述了目前针对杀菌剂与防腐蚀涂层的开发研究进展,并对未来硫酸盐还原菌腐蚀防护的研究方向进行了展望.     

硫酸盐还原菌生物膜在不锈钢腐蚀过程中的作用

为了进一步了解不锈钢在硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)介质中的腐蚀过程,利用原子力显微镜(AFM)探测了海水介质中18-8SS不锈钢表面SRB生物膜的形貌特征以及生物膜下不锈钢表面状态的变化。结果表明:SRB生物膜呈"鳞片"状,并且生长时间越长,膜层越紧密;不锈钢在SRB介质中很容易发生点蚀,但SRB生物膜能为点蚀以外的完好表面提供一定的保护能力。     

Polyelectrolyte multilayer films containing silver as antibacterial coatings

A facile approach to fabrication of transparent antimicrobial coatings based on polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) is presented. Counterions existing in PEMs were utilized via ion exchange and in situ reduction to incorporate into the films silver ions and nanoparticles, and the antibacterial efficacy of the films against E. coli was assessed by the Kirby-Bauer method. The PEMs containing silver in the ionic form exhibited high activities in short terms, and the antibacterial effects depended on the ionic strength in the polyelectrolyte solutions used for the PEM fabrication. The PEMs loaded with silver nanoparticles showed lower initial bactericidal effects, but remained active after long periods of time, and the antimicrobial performance can be improved by increasing the silver loading through repeating the ion-exchange/reduction cycle for multiple times. The films were transparent in the visible region. Coatings containing multiple antimicrobial agents for possible synergistic effects can be fabricated in a single process using this method.     

海洋硫酸盐还原菌对Q235钢腐蚀行为的影响

采用失重法、开路电位、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、极化曲线等方法,通过在海洋环境中浸泡不同时间对比分析有无硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)条件下Q235钢的腐蚀电化学特征,研究SRB对Q235钢的腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,在含SRB的海水中,随着浸泡时间延长,Q235钢的腐蚀电流密度先从7.49mA·cm~(-2)增加至9.77mA·cm~(-2),然后逐渐减小至5.01mA·cm~(-2),最终增加至12.6mA·cm~(-2),且始终小于相同时间下无SRB海水中的腐蚀电流密度,表明SRB的存在抑制了Q235的腐蚀。在含SRB的海水中,Q235钢的腐蚀行为主要由Cl~-和生物膜共同影响。在SRB稳定生长阶段,腐蚀以生物膜抑制为主;在SRB指数生长阶段和衰亡阶段,生物膜抑制作用较弱,以Cl~-促进金属腐蚀为主。     

海洋硫酸盐还原菌对X100钢腐蚀行为的影响

通过测定海水溶液中硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)生长曲线、溶液状态参数、自腐蚀电位、电化学阻抗谱和极化曲线的变化规律,研究了SRB的存在对X100钢在该体系中的腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:SRB在海水培养基中的一个生长周期可分为快速生长阶段、稳定阶段和衰亡阶段。溶液S2-浓度和氧化还原电位与SRB数目密切相关,X100钢的自腐蚀电位随时间增加呈现先负移、然后正移、最后负移的变化规律;EIS结果表明,在接菌海水中,X100钢的腐蚀速率随着浸泡时间的增加呈现先增大、后减小、再增大的变化趋势;与灭菌海水中的腐蚀相比,X100钢在接菌海水中的腐蚀电流密度降低,腐蚀减弱,其原因是SRB生物膜的存在阻碍了海水与试样表面的直接接触,从而抑制了金属的腐蚀。     

SRB对X70管线钢在喷气燃料中腐蚀行为的影响

目前,关于油水体系中微生物的腐蚀形成过程、腐蚀机理、检测和评价手段、影响因素以及腐蚀控制方法等研究尚不成熟。采用失重法、线性极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱技术,结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)研究了X70管线钢在含硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的喷气燃料中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:X70管线钢在无菌介质中的腐蚀类型为局部腐蚀;在有菌介质中腐蚀比较严重,出现大面积溃疡状腐蚀区域并伴有大量鼓泡现象,浸泡初期腐蚀速率最大,随着浸泡时间的延长,腐蚀仍然在进行,但腐蚀速率有所下降,SRB参与并促进了X70管线钢的腐蚀,加速阴极反应,增大了X70管线钢的腐蚀倾向。     

Silicon oxide coatings as protection against corrosion

Silicon oxide films (SiO_x(0≲x≲2)) were deposited onto Inconel 617 alloy for the purpose of corrosion protection in an impure helium environment. The protective behaviour of the deposited films was examined as a function of their chemical composition. The hypostoichiometric SiO_x (x < 2) coatings showed poor protective effects. Rather, they enhanced carburization of the Inconel 617 substrate. This is because the interdiffusion of silicon and nickel is faster than the oxidation of SiO_x to form protective SiO₂. In the helium environment used, the rate of supply of oxygen was quite low. Stoichiometric SiO₂ coatings, however, showed good protective qualities. They protected the Inconel 617 substrate from carburization and from selective oxidation at 1170 and 1270 K for 200 h. However, some deterioration in the protective effect is expected for longer exposure to this environment at 1270 K.     

Electrodeposition for antibacterial nickel-oxide-based coatings

Nickel-oxide-based films exhibiting antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus atrophaeus) have been fabricated by electrodeposition from aqueous solutions. However, after annealing of the films, no antibacterial activity has been observed. As-deposited films were found to consist of a mixture of nickel-oxide hydroxide and nickel hydroxide, while annealing resulted in the conversion of the films into pure NiO. Also, annealed films exhibited no production of H₂O₂, unlike as-deposited films. Thus, antibacterial activity of as-deposited films is related to the presence of nickel-oxide hydroxide/nickel hydroxide which results in the production of reactive oxygen species and antibacterial activity.     

Furanone-based antibacterial coatings: Surface science

With the growth in the aged population and the need to extend average individual healthspan, biomaterials have an increasingly important role in the development of new generation medical devices, drug delivery systems, and medical diagnostic technologies. This column seeks to provide an insight into the latest developments in biomedical materials and related technologies through brief synopses and expert commentaries of recent presentations, publications, and patents.     

海滨盐碱土壤中硫酸盐还原菌对X100管线钢腐蚀行为的影响

为了进一步明确X100管线钢在含硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)海滨盐碱土壤中的耐蚀性,采用表面分析技术、电化学技术和失重法,研究了SRB对X100管线钢腐蚀过程与行为的影响。结果表明:X100管线钢在有无SRB海滨盐碱土壤中的腐蚀均属于中度腐蚀,无SRB时腐蚀产物主要为Fe_2O_3,Fe_3O_4和γ-Fe O(OH),有SRB时腐蚀产物主要为Fe_2O_3,Fe_3O_4,α-Fe O(OH)和Fe7S8;SRB代谢形成的活性生物膜影响了X100管线钢的腐蚀行为,随着腐蚀时间的增加,SRB可在X100管线钢表面形成由微生物膜与腐蚀产物结合的膜,其更加致密,对腐蚀传质具有物理阻碍作用,可以减缓X100管线钢的腐蚀;无SRB菌时X100管线钢表面的腐蚀产物疏松多孔并分布有裂纹,且对基体的保护作用差,其腐蚀速率大于有SRB时的值;SRB的代谢活动抑制了X100管线钢的腐蚀。     

The use of high-strength vacuum-deposited coatings as a means of protection against wear

It was shown that the wear resistance of high-strength vacuum-deposited films is considerably higher than that of electrodeposited coatings or case-hardened steel. The wear resistance of vacuum-deposited coatings may vary within wide limits depending on the deposition conditions.     

New type of protective hybrid and nanocomposite hybrid coatings containing silver and copper with an excellent antibacterial effect especially against MRSA

Epidemics spread many types of pathogenic bacterial strains, especially strains of MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), which are being increasingly reported in many geographical areas [1]. This is becoming to be a serious global problem, particularly in hospitals. Not only are antibiotics proving to be increasingly ineffective but also the bacteria responsible for more than 70% of hospital-acquired bacterial infections are resistant to at least one of the drugs commonly used to treat them. In this study, hybrid coating A1 and nanocomposite hybrid coating A2 based on TMSPM (3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, MMA (methyl methacrylate), TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate) and IPTI (titanium isopropoxide) containing silver and copper ions with or without nanoparticles of titanium dioxide were prepared by the sol–gel method. They were deposited on glass, poly(methyl methacrylate) and cotton using dip-coating or spin-coating, and then cured at 150 °C for 3 h or, in the case of poly(methyl methacrylate), at 100 °C for 4.5 h. The morphology and microstructure of these hybrid coatings were examined by SEM. The abrasion resistance was tested using a washability tester and found to depend heavily on the curing temperature. Seven types of bacterial strains were used to determine the profile of antibacterial activity, namely Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus — MRSA (CCM 4223), MRSA-2 (CCM 7112), Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus vulgaris (according to ALE-G18, CSNI). All the samples were tested by irradiating with either a UV-A or a daylight fluorescent lamp. All types of hybrid coating A1 and nanocomposite hybrid coating A2 were found to possess an excellent antibacterial effect, including against the pathogenic bacterial strains of MRSA, which present a dangerous threat on a global scale.     

Silsesquioxane-based hybrid nanocomposites with methacrylate units containing titania and/or silver nanoparticles as antibacterial/antifungal coatings for monumental stones

The present paper reports on the evaluation of two silsesquioxane-based hybrid nanocomposites with methacrylate units containing titania and/or silver nanoparticles aimed as antibacterial coatings for monumental stones. Sol–gel reaction of titanium isopropoxide and/or 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, in the presence of silver nitrate and a primary amine surfactant, yielded new types of hybrid nanocomposites with high antibacterial/antifungal efficacy. Different polymer behaviours regarding a frequently used monumental stone originating from Romania were evidenced through Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) technique. Conclusions regarding the stones acid-resistant character and lower influence of salt weathering on its durability, as well as a better protective coating containing titania units were revealed.     

环境功能负离子涂料的制备及抗菌性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法以Na2SiO3为包覆剂成功地制备了分散性优良负离子粉体，通过不同的添加量，研制能够产生最大负离子浓度的功能涂料。进行了负离子涂料的抗菌性研究，实验结果表明负离子材料具有抗菌性，抗菌效果与涂料的负离子产生量、负离子材料粒径、涂料的距离密切相关，并从微观上对负离子杀菌进行了分析，验证了负离子的生物学效应。     

Characterization and antibacterial performance of ZrCN/amorphous carbon coatings deposited on titanium implants

Titanium (Ti)-based materials have been used for dental/orthopedic implants due to their excellent biological compatibility, superior mechanical strength and high corrosion resistance. The osseointegration of Ti implants is related to their composition and surface treatment. Better biocompatibility and anti-bacterial performances of Ti implant are beneficial for the osseointegration and for avoiding the infection after implantation surgery. In this study, nanocomposite ZrCN/amorphous carbon (a-C) coatings with different carbon contents were deposited on a bio-grade pure Ti implant material. A cathodic-arc evaporation system with plasma enhanced duct equipment was used for the deposition of ZrCN/a-C coatings. Reactive gas (N₂) and C₂H₂ activated by the zirconium plasma in the evaporation process were used to deposit the ZrCN/a-C coatings. To verify the susceptibility of implant surface to bacterial adhesion, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans), one of the major pathogen frequently found in the dental implant-associated infections, was chosen for in vitro anti-bacterial analyses. In addition, the biocompatibility of human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells on coatings was also evaluated by a cell proliferation assay. The results suggested that the ZrCN/a-C coatings with carbon content higher than 12.7 at.% can improve antibacterial performance with excellent HGF cell compatibility as well.