PAN hollow fiber membranes elicit functional hippocampal neuronal network

This study focuses on the development of an advanced in vitro biohybrid culture model system based on the use of hollow fibre membranes (HFMs) and hippocampal neurons in order to promote the formation of a high density neuronal network. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and modified polyetheretherketone (PEEK-WC) membranes were prepared in hollow fibre configuration. The morphological and metabolic behaviour of hippocampal neurons cultured on PAN HF membranes were compared with those cultured on PEEK-WC HF. The differences of cell behaviour between HFMs were evidenced by the morphometric analysis in terms of axon length and also by the investigation of metabolic activity in terms of neurotrophin secretion. These findings suggested that PAN HFMs induced the in vitro reconstruction of very highly functional and complex neuronal networks. Thus, these biomaterials could potentially be used for the in vitro realization of a functional hippocampal tissue analogue for the study of neurobiological functions and/or neurodegenerative diseases.     

低温等离子体液相接枝NVP改性PAN膜

采用液相等离子体接枝技术改性聚丙烯腈(PAN)膜,在PAN膜表面引入亲水性单体氮乙烯吡咯烷酮(NVP).通过傅立叶红外光谱、DSC、XPS对PAN改性膜进行了表征,研究了单体浓度、温度、接枝时间对PAN改性膜纯水通量的影响,考察了在不同单体接枝温度下,PAN改性膜对NaCl、MgSO4混合盐体系的分离性能.     

Plasma modification of polyacrylonitrile ultrafiltration membrane

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were modified by plasma treatments and plasma polymerization. Influences of plasma modifications on membrane characteristics were investigated. The obtained results indicated that plasma treatments using non-polymer-forming plasma gases such as Ar, He and O₂ led to the increase of membrane surface hydrophilicity and membrane permeability. By using O₂ plasma treatment, UF property of PAN membranes could be improved with the enhancement of membrane flux meanwhile its albumin rejection was almost maintained. The experimental results also showed that plasma polymerization using acrylic acid vapor as monomer and PAN UF membrane as a substrate led to the formation of reverse osmosis membrane due to the deposition of plasma polymer layer onto substrate membrane surfaces. Plasma techniques can control membrane pore size and have a potential to improve the membrane characteristics by using their advantages.     

PAN/CA共混复合膜的气体分离与力学性能

聚丙烯腈（PAN）具有较高的气体渗透性,但拉伸强度低,不适宜直接制膜。为达到气体分离膜在力学强度方面的使用要求,利用PAN与乙酸纤维素（CA）共混改善其拉伸性能。结果表明,采用相转化法制备的PAN/CA共混基膜,随着CA与PAN共混比的增加,拉伸强度有明显的上升趋势,由1.74MPa增加到2.08MPa。当共混比为0....     

PAN/插层高岭石复合材料制备及静电纺丝性能

以二甲基亚砜为前驱体制备插层高岭石(K-DMSO),通过原位聚合制备聚丙烯腈(PAN)与K-DMSO的复合物,利用静电纺丝技术制备PAN/K-DMSO复合纤维膜。采用XRD,FTIR,TEM和TGA研究PAN/K-DMSO复合物的微观形态和热性能,并采用SEM,POM和拉伸试验机对其纤维膜的形貌和拉伸强度进行测试表征。结果表明:PAN/KDMSO中含有高岭石的内外羟基峰,表征层间距的d001值随PAN进入高岭石的层间而增大,部分高岭石被剥离形成厚度为2~5nm的片层结构分散在PAN基体中。K-DMSO的加入使PAN的耐热性提高,PAN纤维膜的直径减小,拉伸强度增加。PAN与K-DMSO的质量比为8∶1时,PAN/K-DMSO纤维膜的拉伸强度与PAN相比,在未处理,冷压和热处理的情况下分别提高了0.92,1.73MPa和1.96MPa。     

渗透汽化分离有机物

用不同的方法制备了几种分离有机物的膜，如CA/PAN、PVA/PAN的复合膜，以及含金属离子载体的PVA膜，这些膜是复合膜或非对称膜．测量了膜材料(CA和PVA—Me^n )的吸附特性并评价了其性能．结果表明，CA和CTA膜以及几种复合膜适于分离MTBE/MeOH，修正的溶解-扩散模型可成功地估算MTBE／MeOH透过CA膜的渗透汽化分离性能．从初步吸附试验看，含金属离子载体的PVA膜对分离苯／环乙烷体系可能是一好的候选膜．     

水相悬浮聚合制备MWCNTs/PAN复合微球及其电纺纤维

先用Fenton试剂（过氧化氢/硫酸亚铁）对多壁碳纳米管进行改性处理（-fMWCNTs）,再通过水相悬浮聚合法制备了多壁碳纳米管/聚丙烯腈（-fMWCNTs/PAN）复合微球,用静电纺丝技术制备了-fMWCNTs/PAN复合纤维膜。通过扫描电镜（SEM）、热重分析仪（TGA）和万能试验机研究了-fMWCNTs对电纺纤维...     

High Efficiency Poly(acrylonitrile) Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes for Airborne Nanomaterials Filtration

The potential of poly(acrylonitrile) electrospun membranes with tuneable pore size and fiber distributions were investigated for airborne fine‐particle filtration for the first time. The impact of solution concentration on final membrane properties are evaluated for the purpose of designing separation materials with higher separation efficiency. The properties of fibers and membranes are investigated systematically: the average pore distribution, as characterized by capillary flow porometry, and thermo‐mechanical properties of the mats are found to be dependent on fiber diameter and on specific electrospinning conditions. Filtration efficiency and pressure drop are calculated from measurement of penetration through the membranes using potassium chloride (KCl) aerosol particles ranging from 300 nm to 12 μm diameter. The PAN membranes exhibited separation efficiencies in the range of 73.8–99.78% and a typical quality factor 0.0224 (1 Pa^?1) for 12 wt% PAN with nanofibers having a diameter of 858 nm. Concerning air flow rate, the quality factor and filtration efficiency of the electrospun membranes at higher face velocity are much more stable than for commercial membranes. The results suggest that the structure of electrospun membranes is the best for air filtration in terms of filtration stability at high air flow rate.

     

静电纺丝法ZrO_2/PVDF-PAN超级电容器隔膜的制备及其电化学性能

采用静电纺丝法,以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)和聚丙烯腈(PAN)为基体,通过改变ZrO_2的含量,制备了ZrO_2/PVDF-PAN复合纤维膜。用SEM和比表面积测试仪(BET)分别对复合纤维膜的形貌和比表面积进行了表征。结果表明:纳米ZrO_2的加入量对ZrO_2/PVDF-PAN复合纤维膜的形貌有较大影响,随着纳米ZrO_2含量的增加,纤维表面变得凹凸不平,提高了纤维膜的比表面积,进而提高了纤维膜的吸液率,且当ZrO_2含量为PVDF和PAN总质量的0.4%时达到最大值。将复合纤维膜组装成超级电容器,利用电化学工作站对其循环伏安(CV)和交流阻抗(EIS)性能进行测试,研究了ZrO_2的加入对复合纤维膜电化学性能的影响。结果表明:ZrO_2的加入提高了ZrO_2/PVDF-PAN复合纤维膜的电导率,当ZrO_2含量为0.4%时其电化学综合性能最好,其中比容量达126.0F/g,离子电导率为9.31×10~(-3) S/cm。     

Self-assembly functionalized membranes with chitosan microsphere/polyacrylic acid layers and its application for metal ion removal

Multilayer composite membranes with high removal capability for metal ion were prepared using electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) technique. Especially, self-assembled multilayer of chitosan microspheres and PAA were formed onto charged surface of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes. It was confirmed that the alternate multilayer of chitosan and PAA were deposited on the base membrane surface. The formation of the ESA layer-by-layer of chitosan/PAA or chitosan microspheres/PAA onto the base membrane surface functionally equipped the membrane with removal capability for Cu²⁺. Especially, membranes with chitosan microspheres/PAA ESA layers on the surface showed relatively higher adsorption capability as compared with membranes with chitosan/PAA ESA layers. Besides, the influence of the pH of metal ion solution on the metal ion adsorption property of ESA modified membrane was investigated. It was proposed that the layer-by-layer self-assembled deposition of chitosan microspheres would be a new approach to functionalize membrane with high adsorption capability for metal ions.     

聚丙烯腈纤维改性条件优化及其对模拟电镀废水的净化作用

为了寻求低价、环保的电镀废水处理方案,将廉价的聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维与羟胺试剂反应对PAN纤维进行改性,使其上氰基螯合获得偕胺肟基纤维。通过改变各种改性条件,探讨了改性条件对PAN改性纤维在重金属单离子溶液和多离子混合溶液中吸附性能的影响。结果表明:最佳改性条件为21.2 g/L PAN纤维,27.0 g/L盐酸羟胺,pH值为7.0,70℃下反应2 h;改性PAN纤维对模拟电镀废水中的Cu2+,Zn2+,Ni2+,Pb2+,Cd2+等重金属离子均有较好吸附性能,其中对Cd2+吸附效果最好,吸附量为55 mg/g;在多离子混合溶液中优先选择吸附Cd2+;改性PAN纤维再生效果优良,可重复利用。     

聚丙烯腈/醋酸纤维素共混超滤膜的研制与改性

研究了聚丙烯腈 /二醋酸纤维素 (PAN/CA)共混超滤膜的性能与聚合物共混比、聚合物质量分数等的关系 .结果表明 ,加有氯化锂 (LiCl)的二甲基乙酰胺 (DMAC)是PAN/CA共混体系的良溶剂 .当聚合物的质量分数为 14 % ,PAN/CA共混比为 5 0 / 5 0时 ,所制得的共混超滤膜的性能较好 .对共混超滤膜进行水解改性的实验发现 :膜的截留率上升 ,水通量下降 .用酱油、药酒为料液的超滤实验表明 :共混膜和水解改性膜的耐污染性能优于聚丙烯腈 (PAN)、聚砜 (PS)和磺化聚砜 (SPS)膜     

Poly-cobalt[tetrakis(o-aminophenyl)porphyrin] nanowire and single-walled carbon nanotube for the analysis of hydrogen peroxide

Nanowires of poly-cobalt[tetrakis(o-aminophenyl)porphyrin] (PCoTAPPNW) were fabricated by electrochemical polymerization by the cyclic voltammetric method in anodic aluminum oxide membranes. A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified by PCoTAPPNW and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) without any binder was investigated with voltammetric methods in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) at pH 7.4. The PCoTAPPNW + SWNT/GCE exhibited strongly enhanced voltammetric and amperometric sensitivity towards hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which shortened the response time (< 5 seconds), showed detection limit of 1.0 microM and enhanced the sensitivity for H2O2 detection with 194 microA mM(-1) cm(-2). The PCoTAPPNW + SWNT/GCE can be used to monitor H2O2 at very low concentration in physiological pH as an efficient electrochemical H2O2 sensor.     

催化与PV双功能中空纤维复合膜制备及其应用过程

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)中空纤维膜为支撑底膜,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为渗透汽化(PV)层,全氟磺酸树脂(PFSA)-聚乙烯醇(PVA) -纳米材料(SiO2、Al2O3和TiO2)为催化层,制备了具有催化和PV双功能的PFSA- PVA- SiO2 (Al2O3和TiO2 )/PVA/ PAN中空纤维复合膜.以乙酸-乙醇酯化反...     

H2O2改性对聚丙烯腈原丝化学结构的影响

为节省预氧化进程的能耗和时间并优化聚丙烯腈（PAN）预氧纤维的性能,用H₂O₂改性PAN原丝,使其提前环化。采用FTIR、XPS等方法表征不同处理温度获得的未改性和改性PAN原丝。结果表明:H₂O₂水溶液在60℃改性PAN原丝时,H₂O₂可引发氰基环化,末端环发生亚胺、烯胺互变异构,由此出现亚氰基、类芳香伯胺;改性温度越高,改性PAN原丝的亚氰基含量、共轭程度越大。在模拟稳定化过程中,改性PAN原丝的类芳香伯胺可在较低温度下引发相邻氰基环化。使用氨水（NH₃H₂O）作为助剂获得改性PAN原丝,与未改性PAN原丝经历相同的预氧化进程,改性后的PAN原丝能在较短时间内达到适合的预氧化程度,且PAN预氧纤维径向结构的均匀性被改善,由此获得热稳定性更高的PAN预氧纤维。      

AOPAN/RC纳米纤维膜的制备及对金属离子吸附性能

采用静电纺丝技术制备聚丙烯腈/醋酸纤维素(PAN/CA)纳米纤维膜,通过化学改性制备偕胺肟化聚丙烯腈/再生纤维素(AOPAN/RC)纳米纤维膜,研究了纳米纤维膜对单一金属离子(Fe~(3+))和混合金属离子(Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Fe~(3+))的吸附性能。通过扫描电镜、红外光谱、X射线能谱仪等测试对纳米纤维膜进行了表征,并通过静态接触角测定纳米纤维膜亲水性能。研究表明,改性后制备的AOPAN/RC纳米纤维膜的亲水性能得到较大改善,同时纳米纤维膜能够高效吸附溶液中的金属离子,纳米纤维膜对单一组分Fe~(3+)的饱和吸附可达411.21mg/g,对于混合金属离子溶液,纳米纤维膜对其吸附能力顺序为Fe~(3+)Cu~(2+)Cd~(2+),而且纳米纤维膜具备优良的重复使用能力。     

Preparation and characterization of novel nanocomposites based on polyacrylonitrile/kaolinite

A novel intercalation nanocomposite based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/kaolinite was prepared by a simple in situ emulsion polymerization in the presence of organically modified layered silicates (kaolinite). The crude kaolinite (K₀) was firstly modified by dimethylsulfoxide-methanol and potassium acetate-aqueous systems; acrylonitrile monomer was then intercalated into kaolinite by displacing potassium acetate from KAc-kaolinite (the kaolinite modified by KAc, marked as K₂). The polymer/kaolinite composites were prepared by in situ emulsion polymerization, and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and thermal gravimetric analysis. Experimental results indicate that the clay layers of kaolinite in PAN/K₂ composites are well distributed and delaminated. The weight-average molecular weights were measured by small-angle X-ray scattering for all samples. The presence of clay results in an increase in molecular weights compared to pure PAN polymer due to the highly crosslinked structure.     

乙炔热裂解沉积对PAN基炭纤维性能的影响

利用有机溶剂去除PAN基炭纤维表面的集束剂与染剂.然后通过乙炔热裂解沉积对其进行表面改性,以期获得兼具高机械强度和优良导电性的高性能PAN基炭纤维.采用SEM、AFM、XRD、Raman等方法对PAN基炭纤维在改性前后的微观结构、结晶性、抗拉强度、弹性模量、导电性等进行了分析.研究结果表明采用化学气相沉积法可以提高或者明显改善石墨化处理后的PAN基炭纤维的力学性能(抗拉强度为2GPa,弹性模量为270GPa)和导电性(5×10-4Ω·cm).     

Comparative study on the mechanical and thermal properties of two different modified PAN fibers and their Fe complexes

The polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers were modified with hydroxylamine and its mixture with hydrazine to prepared the amidoximated PAN fibers (denoted as AO-PAN) and mixing modified PAN fibers (denoted as M-PAN) respectively, and then both of which were reacted with Fe³⁺ ions to form two modified PAN fiber–Fe complexes (denoted as Fe–AO-PAN for AO-PAN and Fe–M-PAN for M-PAN). Their mechanical properties were evaluated and compared with respect to the breaking strength and elongation at break in both dry and wet conditions, and two important effecting factors including weight gain rate of the PAN fiber after modification and Fe content remained in the PAN fiber were investigated. Besides, thermal behavior of the modified PAN fibers and their Fe complexes was also examined by DSC and DMA methods. The results indicated that higher weight gain rate imparts the reduced breaking strength to two modified PAN fibers, and which is found to be further lower in wet state. The mechanical properties of the modified PAN fibers-Fe complexes, especially Fe–AO-PAN varied with Fe content (C_Fe–PAN). Moreover, two critical C_Fe–PAN values are observed to be 79.75 mg/g for Fe–AO-PAN and 28.35 mg/g for Fe–M-PAN, respectively, at which they show a minimum values of breaking strength and elongation at break. Also, Fe–AO-PAN is much higher than Fe–M-PAN in terms of the critical C_Fe–PAN value, which is mainly attributed to the difference in molecular structure between them. Thermal behavior of the modified PAN fibers and their Fe complexes is also greatly affected by their modification methods.     

PVC/PAN共混膜的制备与性能

采用溶液相转化法制备了聚氯乙烯(PVC)/聚丙烯腈(PAN)共混膜,研究了(PVC)/(PAN)共混体系的相容性,并通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对PAN水解前后共混膜结构、形貌和性能进行了表征与分析。结果表明,(PVC)/(PAN)为部分相容体系,在成膜过程中产生明显界面微孔结构;共混膜中的PAN发生水解后,生成大量酰胺、羧酸、羧酸盐等亲水基团,改善了共混膜的亲水性(膜的水接触角从87.48°降低到65.12°),提高了共混膜的通透性(膜的纯水通量从84.17 L/(m2.h)升高到343.7 L/(m2.h))。