DH590钢板激光束焊的焊接特性研究

对厚1.5mm规格DH590钢板进行激光束焊焊接试验,研究该钢板的激光束焊焊接特性以及焊接接头性能。结果表明,1.5 mm规格的DH590+Z钢板单板的最大焊接速度为6.8 m/min,搭接板最大焊接速度为3.2m/min;连续搭接试验的平均最大抗剪力为41.6 k N,断续搭接试验的平均最大抗剪力为18.9 k N,焊接接头的平均最大抗拉力为12.5 k N;焊接接头焊缝区的显微硬度分布均匀,热影响区不存在明显的软化点;对焊接接头进行X光探伤检测,未发现气孔和裂纹缺陷,焊缝质量良好。     

Lap joining of titanium alloy using laser welding and resistance seam welding combined process

Titanium alloy lap joints were performed by combined laser welding and resistance seam welding process. The welding characteristics of this combined process were investigated compared with that of laser welding. The experimental results indicate that the combined process welded joint has larger weld width at the lap surface. The joint tensile shear force of combined process is 2.5 times that of laser welding. There are some pores around the lap surface in laser welded joint, and most pores can be eliminated by resistance seam welding process. Metallographic examinations of combined process welded joint reveal that the microstructure in heat-affected zone (HAZ) and weld zone has the acicular martensite morphology, which causes that the microhardness in HAZ and weld zone increases compared with the base metal, and the microhardness in weld zone is highest.     

Fatigue strength of hot-stamped spot welded joints*—study on spot welding tailored blank technology

Hot stamping spot welding tailored blank (TB) technology is a process to produce spot welded automotive body parts by the following process: Spot welding steel sheets in lap configuration → Hot stamping (Heating to about 900°C → Quenching and forming in water-cooled die → Shot blasting to remove scale). This process has the advantage of producing high strength lap welded automotive body parts without increasing the number of forming dies. In this study, the tensile shear fatigue strength of the spot welding TB joints (Spot welding → Hot stamping) and conventional spot welded joints (Hot stamping → Spot welding) of the 1500MPa class uncoated boron steel sheets are compared. The obtained results are as follows. The fatigue life of the spot welding TB joints was more than two times longer than that of the conventional spot welded joints. The long fatigue life of the spot welding TB joints was not caused by the heating and quenching process but by the shot blasting process after heat treatment. Shot blasting on the outer sheet surface caused the high compressive residual stress on the outer surface and did not affect the residual stress on the lapped surface. Shot blasting on the outer sheet surface increased the initiation life of fatigue crack which occurred on the lapped surface and also reduced the crack propagation speed which propagates from the lapped surface to the outer surface. FE-analysis suggested that compressive residual stress on the outer surface reduce the opening of sheet separation of joints in fatigue tests and reduce the maximum principal stress around the edge of corona bond.     

Resistance welding of carbon fibre reinforced polyetheretherketone composites using metal mesh and PEI film

Weldability of polyetheretherketone( PEEK) with polyetherimide( PEI) is tested. And carbon fiber reinforced PEEK laminates are resistance welded using stainless steel mesh heating element. The effects of the welding time and welding pressure on the lap shear strength of joints are investigated. Results show that PEEK can heal with PEI well in welding condition and the lap shear strength of PEEK/CF(carbon fibre) joint increases linearly with welding time, but reaches a maximum value when welding pressure ranging from 0.3 MPa to 0.5 MPa with constant welding time. The fracture characteristics of surface are analyzed by SEM techniques, and four types of fracture modes of lap shear joints are suggested.     

Effect of tool plunge depth on joint formation and mechanical performance of friction stir forming joints made between AA 5052-H32 and AA 6061-T6 sheet metals

The potential of friction stir forming for joining dissimilar grades of aluminum alloys namely, AA 5052-H32 and AA 6061-T6, was investigated. Study on the effect of tool plunge depth revealed that, lap shear load of 7.16 kN and cross-tensile load of 3.51 kN, recorded at medium tool plunge depth range from 0.5 to 0.7 mm, measured using a universal testing machine, were much larger than those of friction stir welded and friction stir spot welded joints fabricated on the same materials. Joint macrostructure observed with optical microscope revealed that joints were strengthened either by mechanical pin interlocking or by metallurgical bonding. The effect of tool plunge depth on the stir zone formation and the influence of frictional heat flux on the lower sheet were revealed through the microhardness measurement using Vickers hardness tester. Morphological studies revealed that tool plunge depth has a significant influence on the pin formation and the geometric features, generated in these joints. Occurrence of various failure modes such as pin pull-out, pin shear, partial bond delamination, and tear-off, were governed by the formation of critical weak zones at various tool plunge depths.     

Static shear strength and fatigue life of refill friction stir spot welded AA 6061-T6 sheets

This study was aimed at evaluating the static shear strength and fatigue properties of the newly developed refilled friction stir spot welded AA 6061-T6 joints. The keyhole, the process disadvantage of conventional friction stir spot welding, was refilled successfully, using an additional filler plate, with specially designed tools. Two different tool profiles, namely, convex and concave, were used for the refilling process. Sound and defect free joints were obtained by the refilling process. Joints refilled with convex tools showed better static shear strength than those with the concave ones. The variation of microhardness in different regions of the weld was analysed. Fatigue tests were conducted on the lap shear specimens at a stress ratio of R?=?0·1. The optical micrographs of the welds after fatigue failure in both the conventional and refilled processes were examined to study the fatigue crack propagation and failure modes.     

Tensile resistance,microstructures of intermetallic compounds,and fracture modes of welded steel/aluminum joints produced using laser lap welding

The joining of DP780 steel to Al5052 was conducted by laser lap welding, in which the metal vapor and spatters were monitored by a high-speed camera. A universal testing machine was used to test the mechanical properties of the welded joints, and the changing law of lap tensile resistance with the laser welding parameters was analyzed. Optical microscope and scanning electron microscope were used to observe the macro-structure and micro-structure, respectively. Three different intermetallic compounds (IMCs) phases, i.e. banded Fe₂Al₅, FeAl₂ and needle-like FeAl₃ were generated at the steel/Al interface on microscopic observation. The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship among the lap tensile resistance, the welding parameters and the failure mode under different energy densities. Experimental results showed that the steel/Al joints have two different fracture modes at low heat input and high heat input. The failures happened along the heat-affected zone of the weld and along the steel/Al joint interface, respectively. And both of the two failure modes are brittle fractures. Additionally, cracks appeared at the fracture interface, and needle-like particle clusters were found in the fracture microstructure.     

板厚对不锈钢车体激光叠焊接头抗剪强度和疲劳强度的影响

为了研究板厚对不锈钢激光叠焊接头抗剪强度和疲劳强度的影响,该文针对0.8 mm+2 mm和2 mm+2 mm²种不同板厚搭配的不锈钢激光叠焊接头分别进行了拉伸试验和疲劳试验。结果表明,2 mm+2 mm接头的抗剪强度和疲劳强度均高于0.8 mm+2 mm接头。失效分析发现,2种接头的拉伸破坏由焊肉部位剪断引起的;2种接头的疲劳裂纹均萌生于2 mm未焊透板,裂纹起始位置在2个焊板之间靠近焊核附近未焊透板的热影响区,裂纹沿着焊核边缘向未焊透板外表面方向扩展,直至穿透未焊透板。对焊接接头部位的有限元受力分析可知,2种接头的应力集中程度的不同是造成它们抗剪强度和疲劳强度差异的主要原因。     

X52管线钢水下摩擦圆锥塞焊接头组织特征

对X52管线钢进行了水下摩擦圆锥塞焊工艺试验，对不同焊接工艺参数下接头的微观组织进行了金相显微镜及扫描电镜观测，探讨了工艺参数对X52管线钢水下摩擦圆锥塞焊接头组织的影响. 结果表明，接头可以分为锻造区、最终摩擦界面、剪切变形区、结合区及热影响区. 其中剪切变形区呈层状结构，所形成的焊缝微观组织极不均匀，且出现粗大晶粒. 相比于焊接转速，轴向压力对X52管线钢水下摩擦塞焊接头组织的影响更显著. 摩擦塞焊接头组织与传统摩擦焊接头晶粒细化的特征不同，这是由于在“封闭式”摩擦焊过程中塞焊缝主要由剪切变形区组成.     

Microstructure and fatigue resistance of high strength dual phase steel welded with gas metal arc welding and plasma arc welding processes

This study presents the microstructure and high cycle fatigue performance of lap shear joints of dual phase steel (DP590) welded using gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and plasma arc welding (PAW) processes. High cycle fatigue tests were conducted on single and double lap joints under a load ratio of 0.1 and a frequency of 20 Hz. In order to establish a basis for comparison, both weldments were fabricated to have the same weld depth in the plate thickness. The PAW specimens exhibited a higher fatigue life, a gentle S-N slope, and a higher fatigue limit than the GMAW specimens. The improvement in the fatigue life of the PAW specimens was primarily attributed to the geometry effect that exhibited lower and wider beads resulting in a lower stress concentration at the weld toe where cracks initiate and propagate. Furthermore, the microstructural constituents in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the PAW specimens contributed to the improvement. The higher volume fraction of acicular ferrite in the HAZ beneath the weld toe enhanced the PAW specimen’s resistance to fatigue crack growth. The double lap joints displayed a higher fatigue life than the single lap joints without changing the S-N slope.     

石英玻璃飞秒激光微连接及其接头性能

飞秒激光的低热输入、极小热影响区的特点使其在微米尺度材料连接领域有明显的应用潜力。为研究飞秒激光进行玻璃连接的可行性及其接头性能,测定了其接头的拉剪强度并分析了接头断裂前后的形貌特征。证明了飞秒激光连接玻璃的可行性,并发现玻璃试样之间的间隙对飞溅有明显影响。拉剪试验测得的接头强度在6.4~40.4MPa之间。结果表明,在激光平均功率较大,焊缝间距较小的条件下,连接试样容易在母材中断裂,使得接头的强度相比于断裂在界面上的试样强度降低一半以上。     

Fatigue life prediction using two stage model for AISI 304L cruciform joints,with different fillet geometry,failing at toe

Abstract

Reports in the literature indicate that the fillet geometry affects the fatigue properties of cruciform welded joints in structural steels. In an attempt to study the above effect with respect to stainless steel sheet metal welded joints, load carrying transverse fillet welded cruciform joints having a two fillet geometry were fabricated from AISI 304L stainless steel using gas tungsten arc welding and gas metal arc welding with 308L electrodes. The objective of the present work is to predict the fatigue life of AISI 304L cruciform joints failing at the weld toe using a two stage model. The local stress life method was applied to calculate the fatigue crack initiation life, whereas the fatigue crack propagation life was estimated using fracture mechanics concepts. Constant amplitude fatigue tests with stress ratio R ~ 0 were carried out using a 100 kN servohydraulic Dartec universal testing machine at a frequency of 30 Hz. An automatic crack monitoring system based on crack propagation gauges was used to obtain the propagation data during the fatigue process. The predicted lives were compared with the experimental values.     

Study on the strength and failure modes of laser welded galvanized DP980 steel lap joints

The mechanical properties of different sections of the laser welded galvanized high strength dual phase (DP) 980 steel lap joint such as the hardened zone (fusion zone and the grain coarsened heat affected zone (HAZ)), the softened zone (subcritical HAZ), and the base material were determined through mini-tensile tests. The numerically-predicted load–displacement curve and the sample rotation angle were verified by experimental measurements. The FE model considering the non-homogeneous mechanical properties was built based on the weld cross section geometries that were obtained under various laser welding conditions. The numerically-predicted von Mises equivalent strain concentrations and failure modes of the galvanized DP980 lap joints with respect to different laser welding conditions exhibit reasonable agreement with the experimental results.     

铝合金薄板搅拌摩擦焊搭接界面缺陷与接头性能

针对2A12–T4铝合金薄板进行了搅拌摩擦焊搭接试验,研究了焊接参数对缺陷形态与接头性能的影响规律. 结果表明,勾状缺陷具有更大的高度和弯曲角度,最大缺陷高度为上板厚度的12.7%. 随焊接速度增大,缺陷高度减小.随转速提高,勾状缺陷高度先增加后减小,冷搭接缺陷高度呈“V”形变化. 在950 r/min,200 mm/min下接头强度最高,接头系数可达84%. 维氏显微硬度分布呈“W”形,上板出现接头软化,焊核区下部硬度高于上部硬度. 冷搭接缺陷是影响接头性能的主要因素,由于有效搭接宽度较小,接头断裂方式为沿搭接面的剪切断裂.     

Effect of interlayer on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Ti ultrasonic welds

Joints of Al6061 and Ti6Al4?V alloys with pure Al-particle interlayers were conducted using ultrasonic spot welding. The microstructure, hardness, lap shear strength and fracture energy were measured for different welding energies. With increasing welding energy delivered through the sonotrode, the lap shear strength of the joints increased, reaching about 106?MPa at a welding energy of 1100?J, at which failure occurred in the pull-out mode. In the weld region, the hardness of Al6061 alloy increased with increasing weld energy, whereas the hardness of Ti6Al4?V did not change discernibly. No brittle intermetallic compounds were observed in the joints. Moreover, two simple mechanisms were described for the formation of ultrasonic spot-welded Al–Ti joints with and without the pure Al interlayer.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of friction spot welded Alclad 7B04-T74 aluminium alloy

Two millimetre thick Alclad 7B04-T74 aluminium alloy was friction spot welded at different tool rotation speeds. The weld formation, Alclad redistribution, microstructures and mechanical properties of the joints were investigated. The results indicate that inappropriate tool rotation speeds can give rise to weld defects, such as annular groove, void and surface concavity. After welding, the original surface Alclad is redistributed as a U shaped Alclad layer in the weld. When the tool rotation speed is relatively high, eutectic films can be observed in the stir zone, and the Alclad layer in the weld is a preferred crack propagation path during tensile shear testing. The optimised joint with a tensile shear failure load of 11?921 N can be obtained at a tool rotation speed of 1500 rev min^?1.     

TC4-DT电子束焊接头显微组织及疲劳裂纹扩展行为

在光学显微镜下对TC4-DT钛合金电子束焊接头显微组织进行了分析,讨论了接头不同位置显微组织特征.比较了疲劳裂纹始于焊接接头不同位置时的宏观裂纹扩展路径及裂纹扩展速率,依据焊接接头显微组织特点讨论了显微组织对疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响.结果表明,电子束焊接头沿熔深方向显微组织存在一定的差异;文中条件下,与母材区相比焊缝熔合区及热影响区具有较高的疲劳裂纹扩展抗力,导致裂纹扩展路径逐步偏向母材区,最后讨论了裂纹扩展路径的偏折对裂纹扩展速率的影响.     

残余压应力场对B780CF钢焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展的影响

为了明确不同强度残余压应力场对裂纹扩展速率及寿命的影响,采用埋弧自动焊通过不同焊接热输入控制不同焊缝宽度,从而在制备标准CT试样时通过机械加工时的残余应力释放得到各组不同强度残余压应力场的各组焊接接头,并根据裂纹闭合原理,提出基于Elber的三参数分段公式,根据分段公式条件从MTS试验机采用柔度法获得的试验数据中提取、归纳数据,利用断裂力学方法和数理统计方法进行分析,得出结论,裂尖存在的焊接残余压应力场在一定程度上可以明显降低裂纹扩展速率,提高裂纹扩展寿命,对焊接接头裂纹扩展有着关键性作用。     

SUS301L不锈钢冷金属过渡焊接接头焊接工艺、微观组织及力学性能

随着我国轨道交通行业的飞速发展,车体减重对于节省能源意义重大.采用CMT冷金属过渡焊接技术对4-0.8 mm SUS301L-MT不锈钢搭接接头进行了工艺研究,获得最优工艺参数;同时,对焊接接头进行了宏观形貌、微观组织观察、力学性能以及变形测量.结果表明,在最优工艺参数下,焊缝成形美观,无明显缺陷,焊缝区组织主要为奥氏体柱状晶和枝晶状铁素体;焊接接头拉伸剪切最大力达到了22 234.42 N,硬度测试最小值均出现在焊缝区;焊后试板呈现波浪变形,最大Z方向变形量出现在试板边缘.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser welded dissimilar DP600/DP980 dual-phase steel joints

The use of dual phase (DP) steels in the automobile industry unavoidably involves welding and dynamic loading. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the microstructural change and mechanical properties of laser welded dissimilar DP600/DP980 steel joints. The dissimilar joints showed a significant microstructural change from nearly full martensite in the fusion zone (FZ) to the unchanged ferrite-martensite dual-phase microstructure in the base metal. The welding resulted in a significant hardness increase in the FZ but the formation of a soft zone in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). The dissimilar welded joints were observed to exhibit a distinctive unsymmetrical hardness profile, yield-point-like phenomenon, and single-stage work hardening characteristic, with yield strength and work hardening rate lying in-between those of DP600 and DP980 base metals, and ultimate tensile strength equivalent to that of DP600 base metal. Although the welded joints showed a lower fatigue limit than the base metals, the fatigue life of the welded joints at higher stress amplitudes was almost the same as that of the DP600 base metal. The welded joints failed in the soft zone at the DP600 side under tensile loading and fatigue loading at the higher stress amplitudes. Fatigue crack initiation occurred from the specimen surface and crack propagation was characterized by typical fatigue striation together with secondary cracks.