涤/棉混纺织物冰染染料色淀转移法深色染色研究

本文对涤/棉混纺织物采用冰染染料热熔一浴法染色工艺进行了探索.在预先制得冰染染料色淀的基础上,再与显色液同浴上染涤/棉混纺织物,经汽蒸、焙烘等后处理,涤和棉即可分别被染色,且得色均匀。大样生产表明,该工艺的牢度及强力指标,均能达到国家标准.文中给出了该工艺的最佳工艺处方及条件.     

锦/棉交织物活性染料一浴法染色工艺的研究

锦纶和棉的染色性能不同，所以锦/棉交织物的同色性染色工艺较为复杂。传统的染色方法是采用分散/活性，分散/直接，酸性/活性等两浴法染色。本文用活性染料对锦/棉织物进行一浴两步法染色。选择pH值4.5-5可以对锦纶染色，在碱性条件下对锦纶不上色或轻微上色的活性染料，首先在酸性条件下对锦纶纤维染色，然后调节pH值到碱性对棉纤维染色，得到了优异的同色性。     

实用染色的若干应用技术（24）

问：如何正确使用好酸性金属络合染料？ 答：酸性金属络合染料，如1：1型金属络合染料在生产中，可以像普通酸性染料一样染羊毛、蚕丝和锦纶织物。据文献记载，金属络合染料，用普通酸性染料的染色方法，无需再用铬媒剂，就能直接与羊毛产生盐结合，染法方便，染色牢度与媒介染料相近。如采用酸性络合黄N-WA、红N—WA、蓝N—WA和黑N—WA染料（上虞光明化工厂）对羊毛针织物、真丝双绉和锦纶（尼丝纺）进行染色试验，处方与工艺条件见表1。     

棉／棉纶交织物染色工艺

针对棉/锦纶交织物染整加工存在的一些问题,根据传统印染厂的现有设备以及实际生产情况,探讨了选用不同染料（活性、直接或士林染料）染棉纤维部分、选用酸性染料或金属络合染料染锦纶部分的染色工艺,以及染色后的水洗、固色工艺,并分析不同染色工艺之间的优越性以及其缺陷,推荐了一些改进措施。     

Argazol NF活性染料对牛奶/棉混纺织物的染色研究

针对牛奶纤维不耐碱的特点,选择雅格素中性固色活性染料对牛奶/棉混纺织物进行染色研究。研究结果表明:染色温度对上染率的影响较大;染料浓度2%时,75℃保温90分钟、85℃保温60分钟、95℃保温45分钟染色的上染率相当,约为77%;低温长时染色条件更适宜对牛奶/棉混纺织物染色,75℃保温90分钟的染色效果最好;雅格素中性固色活性染料对牛奶纤维/棉混纺织物染色适宜染淡、中色,牢度较好。染料浓度低于4%时,提升性较好。     

实用染色的若干应用技术(27)

Q&A 问:怎样选择锦纶(尼龙)染色用染料? 答:锦纶又称尼龙6(聚己内酰胺纤维),染色较容易,而尼龙66(聚酰胺纤维)则比较困难.主要表现在对染料的选择上,但通过调整工艺可以克服.用于锦纶染色的染料有分散、直接、酸性、活性和各种金属络合染料等.其中,酸性、活性染料的色泽最鲜艳,分散染料对纤维本身条干不匀的覆盖性较佳,金属络合染料的色牢度最高,直接染料的染深性较强.现在市场上大多采用锦纶作里料,而以锦/棉/粘交织物作面料.里料染色比较简单,而面料染色则要求较高.     

PTT／PET混纺或交织物的染色

该文阐述了PTT纤维、PET纤维及其混纺或交织物的染色性能和染色用染料.在染色工艺过程中温度、时间对染色表观深度的影响.染色结果表明混纺或交织物的染色牢度与单一纤维织物的染色牢度相同,分散染料对PTT的染色比PET容易,但在PTT和PET上的染色牢度极为相似.     

涤/棉针织物的一浴练染效果探讨

为了分析涤/棉混纺织物一浴练染工艺的可行性,对一浴练染工艺的染色效果进行了探讨。结果表明:涤/棉混纺织物一浴练染工艺中,分散/活性染料二步染色法比分散/活性染料一步染色法更有利于染料的上染、得色量及提升性的提高,有利于色牢度和匀染性能的提高。一浴练染工艺中分散/活性染料二步法的染色K/S值、耐洗牢度、摩擦牢度均与涤/棉传统染色工艺相接近,提升性比传统工艺稍有差距;一浴练染工艺分散/活性染料二步染色法与传统染色工艺比较对色调没有影响;操作误差对一浴练染的重现性影响较小。     

Telon类染料系统染色方法研究

通过对Telon类染料上染尼龙纤维的系统方法研究,制订了Telon类染料染色的最佳工艺参数,从而达到Telon类染料上染锦纶织物的最优化染色效果     

锦棉纤维活性染料同浴染色初探

采用活性染料对锦棉织物一浴两步法染色,固定第一步的活性染料对棉织物的染色工艺,探究第二步锦纶染色阶段温度、染液p H值、锦纶染色时长对同色性的影响以及锦棉织物比例对同色性的影响。实验结果表明:随着锦纶染色阶段温度的升高,活性染料对锦纶的上染率提高;降低染液p H值,活性染料对锦纶的上染率提高,色差降低,同色性有改善;不同锦纶阶段染色时间和不同比例的锦棉织物对同色性也有影响。     

Dyeing natural fibres in supercritical carbon dioxide using a nonionic surfactant reverse micellar system

A reverse micellar system in supercritical carbon dioxide has been developed as a dyeing medium. Water-soluble dyes such as reactive dyes and acid dyes could be sufficiently solubilised in the interior of a specially constituted reverse micelle. Protein fabrics, silk and wool, were satisfactorily dyed even in deep shades with conventional acid dyes without any special pretreatment. Cotton cellulose fabric was also dyed with conventional reactive dyes when the electrostatic force of repulsion between dye and cotton was eliminated. Compared to previously proposed supercritical dyeing methods, dyeing of fabrics with this system could be performed at low temperatures and pressures in a short time.     

Reactive dyeing of cellulosic fibers: Use of cationic surfactants and their interaction with reactive dyes

Cotton fabrics were dyed with three reactive dyes, C.I Reactive Blue 263, C.I Reactive Red 269, and C.I Reactive Yellow 208, after pretreatment of the fabrics with three alkyl trimethyl‐ammonium bromides (tmabs) having 12, 14, and 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. The pretreated samples were dyed with standard dyeing methods using conventional, reduced amounts of electrolyte, and no electrolyte. Pretreatment with the three cationics (tmabs) resulted in an increase in dye exhaustion with all dyes used, whereas total dye fixation was lower for both red and blue dye and equal for the yellow, when compared to the reference untreated samples dyed according to the same standard dyeing method. The interaction between dodecyl trimethyl‐ammonium bromide and the three dyes was studied and the stoichiometry of the various dye/dodecyl trimethyl‐ammonium bromide (12‐tmab) complexes formed has been deduced. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

酸性金属络合染料上染锦氨织物的色牢度探讨

采用酸性金属络合染料对锦氨织物进行染色,从染料、染色工艺、助剂三个角度探讨了对染色牢度的影响。结果表明:酸性金属络合染料对锦氨织物染浅、中及中深色的牢度较好;染深色时,需通过工艺调整及助剂辅助。其优化的工艺条件为:染色温度93℃,保温时间30 min,染浴p H值在3~4,配合1.0 g/L氨纶防沾色剂,2%(omf)酸性固色剂DM-2539G及2.0 g/L增进剂CIBAFIX ECO后处理,各项牢度指标能提升到3-4级及以上。     

羊毛活性/分散染料染色染料相互作用研究

在一定工艺条件下，用活性染料染羊毛，再用分散染料套染，其K／S值大于单独使用活性和分散染料染色的K／S值之和，活性染料对羊毛起到了改性作用，使分散染料染色湿牢度有显著提高。随着活性染料浓度的增加，分散染料的上染率也增加。用分散染料套染活性染料，其匀染性相对于单独使用活性染料有提高。     

Optimal dyeing systems for resistance to the physical strength loss of the PLA/cotton blended fabric

In this study, optimization of disperse/reactive dyeing systems for resistance to the physical strength loss of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/cotton blended fabric was investigated. The blended fabric underwent a two‐bath, two‐stage dyeing process in which the PLA component of the blended fabric was dyed using two disperse dyes, followed by the cotton component being dyed with six reactive dyes containing different reactive groups—dichlorotriazine, monochlorotriazine, sulphatoethylsulphone, monofluorotriazine, monochlorotriazine/sulphatoethylsulphone, and monofluorotriazine/sulphatoethylsulphone groups. The optimal dyeing systems were established according to the fixation rate of the dyes, tear/tensile strength loss, and SEM micrographs of the fabric. To avoid the strength loss during the disperse/reactive dyeing process, the recommended disperse dyeing conditions were 110°C, pH 5 for 20 min, whereas the reactive dyeing conditions should be temperature ≤60°C and alkali concentration ≤3 g/L. In this regard, reactive dyes containing monofluorotriazine and monofluorotriazine/sulphatoethylsulphone groups were especially suitable for the reactive dyeing systems. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Supercritical CO2‐assisted synthesis of polystyrene/clay nanocomposites via in situ intercalative polymerization

Cyclodextrins can form inclusion complexes with different molecules with the aid of their special chemical (molecular) structures. Physical and chemical properties of molecules can change after the formation of complex. This special feature enables the usage of dextrins in different industry areas. In this study, applicability of cylcodextrins in textile dyeing and washing processes was investigated. With this aim, β‐cyclodextrin was used in direct dyeing of cellulosic fabrics and in rinsing processes of direct dyed fabrics. Retarder/leveling effect of β‐cyclodextrin in dyeing process has been studied and the results were compared with that of a commercial product. In general, cyclodextrins were used in washing processes to remove the absorbed surfactants. It has been investigated whether this effect was the same for washing of dyed fabrics. Eight different direct dyes, for which the chemical structures are known, were used in dyeing and washing processes, and effect of β‐cyclodextrin on different chemical structures was investigated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 208–218, 2006     

Application of cyclodextrin to the textile dyeing and washing processes

Cyclodextrins can form inclusion complexes with different molecules with the aid of their special chemical (molecular) structures. Physical and chemical properties of molecules can change after the formation of complex. This special feature enables the usage of dextrins in different industry areas. In this study, applicability of cylcodextrins in textile dyeing and washing processes was investigated. With this aim, β‐cyclodextrin was used in direct dyeing of cellulosic fabrics and in rinsing processes of direct dyed fabrics. Retarder/leveling effect of β‐cyclodextrin in dyeing process has been studied and the results were compared with that of a commercial product. In general, cyclodextrins were used in washing processes to remove the absorbed surfactants. It has been investigated whether this effect was the same for washing of dyed fabrics. Eight different direct dyes, for which the chemical structures are known, were used in dyeing and washing processes, and effect of β‐cyclodextrin on different chemical structures was investigated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 208–218, 2006     

Electrostatic self‐assembly dyeing of cotton fabrics

A new approach to the dyeing of cotton fabrics using an electrostatic self‐assembly method was evaluated. Cotton fabrics were pretreated with 2,3‐epoxypropyltrimethylammonuium chloride and cationic charges were produced on the fabric surfaces. For the dyeing of cotton fabric, reactive and acid dyes were used. Oppositely charged anionic reactive/acid dyes and cationic poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) were alternately deposited on the surface of cationised cotton fabrics. Ten multilayer films of dye/poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) were deposited on the cotton fabric surfaces using a padder. The build‐up of the multilayer films and the level of colour strength (K/S) achieved are discussed. Samples of cotton fabrics were also dyed with the same dyes, but using the exhaust method, and both types of dyed samples were compared. The washing, rubbing and light fastness properties were evaluated for the dyed fabrics.     

新纤维染色技术进展

系统介绍了目前出现的一些新型型合成纤维(海岛型超细纤维、PLA、PTT和聚氨酯纤维)、新型天然和再生纤维(竹纤维、Lyocell、Carbace11、大豆蛋白和蚕蛹蛋白纤维)，以及转基因纤维(蜘蛛丝)的结构和染色性能。新纤维的发展，要求染色技术有相应的发展超细纤维比表面积大，染色起始温度低，匀染性和色牢度较差，对染料的各项应用性能要求较高，新型天然和再生纤维染色的主要染料为活性、酸性和直接染料，并需要相应的助剂和与之相适应的染色工艺，多种纤维混纺、交织复合制成纺织品是发展趋势，而这类纺织品的染色和所使用的染料将成为研究开发的热点。