不同类型搅拌器的气—液分散和混合特性

在通气式搅拌槽内研制了直叶圆盘涡轮、直叶桨式涡轮、４５度折叶圆盘涡轮、４５度折叶桨工涡轮、凹弧叶圆盘涡轮、锥形涡轮和布鲁马金式搅拌器的临界分散转速、分散状态、搅拌功率、气含率、气泡停留时间、排量准数和输出效率，并获得了适用上述种类搅拌器的临界分散转速、搅拌功率、气含率和气泡停留时间关联式。     

双层搅拌器组合的气液分散性能研究

系统研究和比较了径流桨和径流桨组合、径流桨和斜叶桨组合以及斜叶桨和斜叶桨组合3类不同的双层搅拌器组合,在气液分散搅拌过程中的优劣。小通气量时径流桨和斜叶桨组合(DT PTD和PTU DT)在相同的单位体积搅拌功率下气含率最高,而在大通气量时,双层上翻式斜桨组合(PTU PTU)气含率最高,并发现大通气量时,下层桨不宜采用下压式斜叶桨。     

同心双轴搅拌器气液分散性能的实验研究

针对气液搅拌操作形式单一的现状,将框式桨和Rushton桨组成的同心双轴搅拌器与黏稠体系中的气液分散操作相结合,实验考察了转动模式、内桨转速、通气量和体系黏度等因素对其气液分散性能的影响。结果表明,与单相黏稠体系中同向旋转模式下的功率与混合性能均占优不同,同心双轴搅拌器在反向旋转模式下的气液分散性能相对更好;外桨转速不变时,内桨转速从100增加到300 r·min^-1,整体气含率提高94.3%,局部气含率也均有增大;通气量从0.4提高到1.2 m3·h^-1,整体气含率提高了72.5%,但局部气含率和气泡尺寸的增大不显著;体系黏度增加,气泡在釜内的停留时间加长,整体气含率单调增加。作为影响搅拌釜气液分散性能的重要参数,转动模式、内桨转速和通气量的确定还必须兼顾系统的功耗与混合效率,并避免发生气泛。     

双层桨气液搅拌反应槽气液分散特性

采用搅拌功率与氧传质系数方法,对一双层桨搅拌反应槽的自吸分散和表面充气分散性能进行研究.比较了两种桨叶组合在两种分散方式下的气相分散临界转速、搅拌功率及两种桨叶组合自吸分散时的气含率和气液传质系数.结果表明,六叶圆盘直叶桨和六叶圆盘斜叶桨的组合在自吸分散时具有较优的分散性能.     

搅拌槽内气液两相混沌混合及分散特性

传统Rushton刚性桨常应用于过程工业中搅拌反应器内的气液分散过程,但由于桨叶背后易形成较大的气穴,气液混合效果较差。为了提高搅拌槽内气液两相的混合效果,提出了一种刚柔组合桨强化气液两相的分散过程。利用LabVIEW软件处理刚性桨和刚柔组合桨体系中气液混合过程的压力脉动信号,通过Matlab软件编程计算最大Lyapunov指数（LLE）,分析气液混合体系的混沌混合行为,同时,对刚性桨和刚柔组合桨体系中的相对搅拌功耗、整体气含率、局部气含率进行测量。结果表明,在功耗为170 W,通气量为10 m³·h^-1条件下,与刚性桨相比,刚柔组合桨能够通过刚-柔-流的耦合作用促进桨叶能量的传递过程,提高搅拌体系的混沌混合程度,刚柔组合桨体系的LLE提高了8.89%。同时,在相同操作条件下,与刚性桨相比,刚柔组合桨能够有效提高相对搅拌功耗以及搅拌槽内的整体气含率和局部气含率,且搅拌槽内气体分散更为均匀。     

搅拌器在工业合成醋酸反应器中的应用

详细分析了工业合成醋酸反应器中的机械搅拌过程,描述了气液分散搅拌过程中搅拌桨叶的选择和计算。对醋酸反应器这样复杂的气-液反应混合过程,必须采用合适的机械搅拌器。目前采用最多的是径向流和轴向流相结合的多层搅拌桨叶组合形式的搅拌器。搅拌桨的计算和设计对保证醋酸反应中充分的气-液分散混合并达到良好的气-液传质过程十分重要。不同大小醋酸反应釜的搅拌器必须根据不同生产处理量和醋酸装置的工艺条件进行设计和选型。     

圆盘涡轮搅拌器的气液混合特性CFD分析

利用数值模拟与实验结合的方法对4种圆盘涡轮搅拌器在300 L气液机械搅拌反应器内气液混合效果进行研究,具体分析各桨叶的通气功率消耗、气相含率以及体积氧传质系数情况。研究结果表明：不同圆盘涡轮搅拌器在通气时搅拌功率差异较大,各搅拌桨叶单位功率气含率由大到小为：不对称抛物线>六箭叶>六弯叶>六直叶。在4种常用的氧传质模型中,渗透模型和滑移速度模型对各桨叶的体积氧传质系数的预测较为准确,单位功率体积氧传质系数由大到小为：不对称抛物线>六箭叶>六弯叶>六直叶。数值模拟结果与实验结果具有较好的一致性,能为更高效性能搅拌桨叶的优化与开发提供一定的参考价值。     

双轴异桨组合搅拌器混合特性及传热性能研究

以聚合反应器中存在的传热,传质问题为研究背景,设计了双螺带－斜叶双驱动变速搅拌器。在实验室基础上,探讨了这一搅拌器的流型、功率消耗、混合特性和传热性能,为该组合浆的开发应用奠定了基础。     

多层组合桨搅拌槽内气-液分散特性的研究

在直径为0,476m的椭圆底搅拌槽中,采用由六叶半椭圆管叶盘式涡轮桨(HEDT)及四叶宽叶翼型桨的上提(WHU)及下压(WHD)操作组合的六种不同的三层桨,研究了气-液两相体系中的通气功率变化及气含率特性,获得不同桨型的通气搅拌功率及气含率的关联式;结果表明,底桨为HEDT的组合桨通气功率下降幅度最小,相同输入功率时气含率最高,其次为WHD,WHU为底桨时气液分散性能最差。因此,适用于气液两相操作的优化组合桨应以HEDT为底桨。此研究结果可为工业用多层组合桨气液搅拌反应器的设计提供参考。     

有蛇管的釜中多层桨的气液分散特性研究

有蛇管的釜中多层桨的气液分散特性研究葛张华，王志坚，张孝平，张秀娟（南京金陵石化公司设备研究院，２１００４６）关键词：气液分散，搅拌反应器，多层桨，放大１前言气液系统的搅拌广泛应用于吸收、化学反应和发酵中。其关键在于气体的分散和气液界面传质。气体的分...     

Change in liquid temperature behind the impeller blades with impeller speed in boiling stirred tanks

In our previous study (Fukuda, R., Tokumura, M., Znad, H.T. and Kawase, Y., 2009, Vapour generation from the impellers in boiling stirred tank reactors. Chem Eng Res Des, 87: 452–459), it was found that in boiling stirred tanks with multiple impeller systems vapour was generated from the heater at lower impeller speeds and with an increase in impeller speed most vapour was generated from the top impeller rather than the lower impellers and the heater. The change of nucleation sites with the impeller speed might be controlled by the local liquid temperature. Therefore we measured the liquid temperature behind the impellers blades and found the decrease in liquid temperature with increasing impeller speed. In this paper, a simple model was developed to predict the change in liquid temperature behind the impeller blades in which nucleation takes place. In the proposed model based on the results for pressure distribution on the impeller blade in the literature, the liquid temperature behind the impeller blades is estimated from the measured power consumption. The validation of the proposed model was conducted using the experimental results in our previous study and reasonable agreement was obtained.     

Fluid dynamics and mixing of single-phase flow in a stirred vessel with a grid disc impeller: Experimental and numerical investigations

We report experimental and numerical investigations of a novel grid disc impeller for mixing of single-phase flow in stirred vessels. We performed detailed mean velocity measurements using LDA to understand the flow generated by the grid disc impeller and we also measured the mixing time and power consumption of the grid disc impeller. Measurements showed that the performance of the grid disc impeller, which has radial flow characteristics, is equivalent to a standard propeller in terms of the degree of mixing achieved per unit power consumption. We also performed numerical simulations to predict the flow generated by the grid disc impeller and its mixing performance. It was shown that the present computational model predicts the mean velocities, power consumption and mixing time in good agreement with the measurements. The experimentally validated computational model was further used to understand the effects of impeller rotational speed and grid disc configuration on the fluid dynamics and mixing performance of the grid disc impeller.     

Dynamics of flow macro-formation and its interference with liquid surface in mixing vessel with pitched blade impeller

The paper deals with the experimental and theoretical study of flow pattern dynamics and their manifestation on the liquid surface in a flat bottomed cylindrical stirred vessel with inner diameter T = 0.29 m, filled with water to the height H = T. The vessel was stirred by down pumping a six-pitched blade impeller with pitch angle 45°, pumping downwards. Based on flow visualization in a vertical, and three horizontal planes, parameters describing flow macro-formation behaviour during its generation by the primary circulation loop, including the total time of flow macro-formation existence, were obtained. These experimental results were compared with the results calculated from a proposed theoretical model of flow macro-formation dynamics.In the next part of the contribution, the theoretical solution of quantitative expression for liquid surface swell dimensions is presented. The liquid swell is supposed to be an effect resulting from an interaction between the surface level and the flow macro-formation. The data obtained from the theoretical solution are compared with swell dimensions determined from the visual analysis of the liquid surface behaviour. Finally, the comparison of experimental and theoretical results is statistically analyzed and corresponding summaries are concluded.     

Effect of impeller geometry on drop break-up in a stirred liquid—liquid contactor

Drop size measurements were made in the break-up zone at the tip of three 6 bladed disc turbines of different geometries in a 0·30 m dia. vessl. Three systems kerosene, methyl iso-butyl ketone (MIBK) and n-butanol at a volumetric fractional hold-up of 0·05 in water were examined. Power input and circulation time characteristics were determined and a new dimensionless group (?^{?$\text{1}\text{3}$}t_c/T^{$\text{2}\text{3}$}) is proposed to account for the effect of geometric parameters in the correlation of the drop size.     

Design of multiple impeller stirred tanks for the mixing of highly viscous fluids using CFD

The effect of multiple Intermig impeller configuration on hydrodynamics and mixing performance in a stirred tank has been investigated using computational fluid dynamics. Connection between impeller stages and compartmentalisation has been assessed using Lagrangian particle tracking. The results show that by a rotating the Intermig impeller by 45^° with respect to its neighbours, instead of a 90^° rotation as recommended by manufacturers, enables a wider range of operating conditions, i.e., lower Reynolds number flows, can be handled. Furthermore by slightly decreasing the distance between the lower two impellers, fluid exchange between the impellers is ensured down to Re=27.     

涡轮桨直径对锥盘底搅拌槽固液混合特性影响

利用CFD技术对锥盘底搅拌槽内的固液两相流混合浓度场进行数值模拟研究,考察了45°圆盘涡轮式搅拌桨直径d对固液混合时间数,单位体积混合能,浓度标准差,湍动能和湍动耗散率,和固相离底悬浮临界转速的影响。研究表明:随着搅拌桨直径的增大,搅拌槽内的流体由轴向流转变为径向流的流型转变高度逐渐减小。桨径比d/D大于0.3时,混合时间数显著减小;d/D小于0.4时,单位体积混合能较小;d/D达到1/3时,单位体积混合能最小。浓度标准差随搅拌桨直径的变化波动较小。d/D小于0.4时,湍动耗散率的增长率较低;d/D大于0.3时,固相离底悬浮临界转速显著减小。从提高混合效率和降低能耗的综合角度考虑,桨径比d/D应控制在0.3—0.4之间。     

Numerical determination of the three-dimensional velocity distribution in a baffled pitched blade impeller stirred vessel

The objective of the work presented here was the development of a method of modeling the effect of an impeller on the velocity distribution in a stirred vessel. The developed model makes it possible to numerically investigate the flow field almost independently of any experimental data. The starting point was a force balance around an impeller blade, which took into consideration the lift and drag forces. The obtained volume forces were circumferentially averaged in the impeller region. The calculations were carried out time-averaged for the case of a pitched blade impeller. The results were compared with experimental data which were obtained by laser Doppler anemometry. The comparison of the axial velocity components shows a good agreement between numerical and experimental data. Furthermore some characteristic integral values were calculated, which demonstrate the efficiency of the impeller.     

组合桨搅拌槽内高黏流体混合特性的数值模拟

利用计算流体力学数值模拟方法,对直段桨为双螺带式和Paravisc式以及底桨为锚式和变径双螺带式的组合桨功率和混合时间进行了研究,并对其中最优桨型进行了放大规律的探索。通过数值模拟得到了4种组合桨中各单桨及组合桨的功率准数关联式,提出组合桨中各桨之间功率上的反作用关系。在10种组合桨中,Paravisc-锚式组合桨达到完全混合时所转圈数最少,且在相同转速下量纲一剪切量较大,混合特性最优,将其从体积为100 L的搅拌槽内放大至200 L和500 L搅拌槽中,发现其符合桨端线速度的放大准则。文中对各桨型的功率特性、混合特性和放大规律的分析,可为工业设计和优化高黏度流体组合桨参数提供重要参考。     

Experimental study on geometric structure of isolated mixing region in impeller agitated vessel

Isolated mixing region in agitated vessel with rotated two-bladed paddle impeller and no baffle was visualized experimentally and its structural property was investigated in detail. A set of thin filaments spirally wrapping around the core of the toroidal isolated mixing region is observed under low Reynolds number conditions, which is smaller than 60. Three-dimensional geometrical structure of filament in isolated mixing region depends on the periodical perturbations caused by the rotating impeller. We have succeeded in the determination of three-dimensional geometrical structure of filament in isolated mixing region based on relation between the movement of fluid particle and filament numbers and/or wire turns. Interestingly, the wire turns of filaments are opposite to movements of fluid particles.     

Development of a networks-of-zones fluid mixing model for an unbaffled stirred vessel used for precipitation

Reactive acid-alkali tracers have been deployed to capture the macromixing and partial segregation behaviour in an unbaffled stirred vessel. This configuration is often used in precipitators to avoid inadvertent solid accretions on vessel internals. The macromixing behaviour for semi-batch addition with visualisation of reactive (acid-alkali) tracers has been acquired via video images which are rendered visible using phenolphthalein as indicator. By means of visual reality modelling, in which computer graphics are used to reconstruct and closely mimic the experimentally visualised fluid mixing “scenes”, the parameters for a networks-of-zones mixing model for the unbaffled semi-batch case have been established. The model can then be used for predicting precipitation behaviour for single-jet and other modes of operation. Some illustrative examples for barium sulphate, showing the underlying supersaturation fields in 3-D and the consequent time evolving particle size distributions, are presented and discussed for a single jet case.