碎软煤层顺层钻孔水力割缝增透技术研究

为了解决碎软突出煤层透气性差、瓦斯抽采时间长、抽采难度大的问题,将高压水力割缝技术应用于碎软突出煤层顺层钻孔瓦斯抽采中。在新疆艾维尔沟矿区4号煤层开展了水力割缝试验,施工了7个高压水力割缝钻孔和7个普通抽采钻孔,考察了割缝压力和割缝半径,比较了瓦斯抽采效果。研究表明:4号煤层的割缝压力在55 MPa左右较为合理。在55 MPa割缝压力下割缝5 min,割缝半径大约为0.89 m;下向钻孔不适合采用高压水力割缝措施。水力割缝钻孔与普通抽采孔抽采效果相比,日单孔抽采浓度、单孔抽采流量和抽采纯量至少能提高2倍以上。水力割缝钻孔抽采的前22 d抽采效果明显优于普通抽采孔,但衰减速度很快,大约30 d后,二者抽采效果基本接近。     

基于水力割缝的高瓦斯厚煤层快速掘进保障技术研究

针对山西潞安集团余吾煤矿3煤掘进期间瓦斯涌出高,造成巷道掘进速度难以提升的问题,采用高压水射流割缝技术进行快速卸压增透,现场试验发现,割缝孔抽采瓦斯浓度最低达到71. 2%,最高达到93%左右,割缝孔的瓦斯浓度大部分时间高于同组对比的普通钻孔,提高了煤体中瓦斯的抽采效率,为高瓦斯厚煤层巷道的快速掘进提供了技术保障。     

平顶山矿区单一突出煤层瓦斯抽采新技术

介绍了平顶山矿区瓦斯赋存规律和瓦斯抽采技术体系,详细阐述了瓦斯抽采技术的研究及应用现状,包括高压水力压裂增透技术、高压水力冲孔防突技术、穿层深孔控制松动爆破防突技术、高压脉冲水射流钻割一体化增透技术、高压磨料射流割缝防突技术、分源抽采综合治理瓦斯技术、气润湿反转法提高瓦斯抽采率和地面钻井抽采技术,上述瓦斯抽采方法的应用有效提高了瓦斯预抽效率,对于煤层瓦斯含量≤10 m3/t、>10～15 m3/t、≥15 m3/t的突出煤层,瓦斯预抽率分别达>20%、>45%、>50%。     

基于水射流割缝煤层区域动态指标研究

基于水射流割缝煤层增透技术,分析了割缝后煤体应力分布状态,计算了割缝钻孔径向应力和切向应力。在理论分析水射流割缝钻孔影响半径的基础上,确定基于水射流割缝钻孔布置的技术工艺。根据现场实测数据,统计分析了动态指标,对水射流割缝后煤层瓦斯抽采增透效果进行了验证。中兴矿现场试验表明:与常规钻孔相比,采用水射流割缝钻孔瓦斯抽采浓度提高3.6倍、流量提高2.7倍、纯流量提高9.7倍;上覆三采西翼回风巷平均风排瓦斯涌出量最大减少0.68 m^3/min,降低26.98%;水射流割缝钻孔段瓦斯含量降低0.48 m^3/t;抽采半径为3.0 m时,水射流割缝钻孔段抽采时间41 d,相比常规钻孔抽采时间缩短43 d。     

低透气煤层超高压水力割缝与水力压裂联合增透技术

为了解决矿井瓦斯预抽中存在的问题,提高矿井瓦斯抽采利用效率,杜绝瓦斯灾害事故发生,以新集二矿瓦斯预抽工艺为研究背景,针对矿井采掘接替紧张、煤层透气性差、瓦斯抽采率低等技术难题,提出了超高压水力割缝与水力压裂联合增透技术。基于岩石力学与流体力学理论,分析了超高压水力割缝与水力压裂联合增透机理。并采用数字模拟方法研究确定了沿槽缝延伸方向,缝槽至煤体深部依次形成破碎区、塑性区、弹性区及原岩应力区,被冲割煤体受高压水射流剪、割应力作用影响,原岩应力区向煤体深部转移,煤体渗透率增大。得出水力压裂钻孔布置在超高压水力割缝形成的塑性区范围内能够达到较好的增透效果,并设计了超高压水力割缝与水力压裂一体化联合增透技术工艺:割缝水压为95～100 MPa,旋转水尾转速为40 r/min,割缝间距为1.0～1.2 m,单刀冲割时间为12 min;水力压裂钻孔直径为95 mm,并采用100 mm的钻孔洗扩装置冲、扩钻孔。通过在新集二矿2201采区220108底板巷2号上钻场的应用结果显示:超高压水力割缝与水力压裂协同增透技术能够明显改善煤层透气性,瓦斯抽采30 d以后,协同超高压水力割缝钻孔平均瓦斯抽采纯量为普通钻孔的10.3倍;协同水力压裂钻孔平均瓦斯抽采纯量为普通钻孔的6.4倍,且能够持续保证较高流量和浓度的瓦斯抽采效果。     

高压水射流割缝对煤体扰动影响规律研究及应用

基于高压水射流割缝层内卸压增透技术,运用ANSYS软件建立模型,模拟了高压水射流割缝后不同割缝宽度条件下煤体位移、应力的变化,根据模拟结果分析了割缝煤体受扰动影响的变化规律;同时在平煤集团十三矿进行了现场的试验和应用,并对割缝钻孔和普通钻孔进行了单孔抽采流量考察。ANSYS模拟研究表明,割缝宽度不同造成周围煤体位移和应力显著变化,割缝宽度增大煤体受扰动影响范围增大,加大了煤体裂隙扩展,提高了割缝煤体的卸压效果;经现场试验和应用,煤体进行高压水射流割缝后,割缝钻孔起始瓦斯抽采量是普通钻孔的2.5倍,且在考察时间内割缝孔的抽采流量远大于普通孔,提高了瓦斯抽采效率。     

水力割缝防突技术在掘进工作面的应用

分析了高压水射流水力割缝防突机理,并在新安煤矿14221工作面现场进行了水力割缝防突技术试验,结果表明,在水力割缝过程中有大量煤与瓦斯随水流从钻孔内排出,各割缝孔平均冲出煤62 kg,巷道瓦斯浓度最大为0.8%,比未割缝前的瓦斯浓度增加了2~3倍;钻孔瓦斯涌出初速度v最大值由割缝前的20 L/min降到割缝后的4 L/min,v值下降80%左右。水力割缝技术能使煤体卸压带加长,煤体瓦斯潜能及弹性能得到有效释放,应力集中区向内部转移,减弱或消除了煤体的突出危险性。     

大直径长钻孔定向水力割缝增抽瓦斯技术及应用

针对低透气性煤层瓦斯抽采量少,抽采时间长,煤层整体卸压增透效果差等问题,提出了大直径长钻孔定向水力割缝增透技术。以吉宁煤矿2107胶带运输巷为研究背景,分析了水力割缝增透机理,采用大直径长钻孔技术实现钻孔间煤体定向水力压穿,形成贯穿裂隙并通过高压水携带出大量煤屑,实现煤层卸压和增加煤层透气性。研究结果表明:采用水力割缝后平均抽采流量是普通钻孔的5.5倍,割缝孔平均瓦斯抽采纯量是普通孔平均瓦斯抽采纯量的8.06倍,平均浓度提高33.92%,水力割缝有效增加了煤层透气性,提高了瓦斯抽采率。     

赵固二矿坚硬煤层超高压水力割缝增透技术应用

针对赵固二矿煤层坚硬、透气性低、钻孔瓦斯抽采效果差及钻孔工程量大等问题,提出采用超高压水力割缝技术提高瓦斯抽采效率。基于应力波原理,分析了高压水射流破煤机理,研制了适用于坚硬煤层条件且能够有效提高射流打击力的圆锥收敛型喷嘴和适用于坚硬煤层条件的定点冲击割缝方式。现场试验表明,针对坚硬煤层条件,割缝钻孔平均单刀出煤量约0.18t,等效割缝半径0.99～1.57m,割缝后瓦斯自然涌出量是普通钻孔的11.3倍,抽采纯量较普通钻孔提高3.8倍,钻孔抽采有效半径较普通钻孔增加了90%左右。超高压水力割缝技术能有效的解决低渗透性坚硬煤层的瓦斯抽采难题。     

高压水射流环切割缝自卸压机制与应用

为解决深部矿井低透气性煤层瓦斯抽采难题,针对穿层钻孔提出了高压水射流环切割缝煤层自卸压增透技术。通过瓦斯流动理论分析普通钻孔及环割钻孔瓦斯流动模式,分别建立了普通钻孔及环割钻孔瓦斯流动微分方程,获得了高压水射流环切割缝自卸压技术改善煤层瓦斯流动机制;采用FLAC3D软件建模分析高压水射流割缝后钻孔周边煤体应力演化规律,基于煤体卸压程度及塑性区分布特征,确定了穿层钻孔合理化割缝参数;通过底板穿层钻孔高压水射流环切割缝技术现场考察,环切割缝后煤层变形量达到0.136%,煤层透气性系数较原始状态提高了42倍,瓦斯抽采纯量相较普通钻孔提高3.44~5.32倍,同等条件下煤层抽采半径提高了1倍以上。理论研究与现场试验均表明,采用高压水射流切割在煤层内部形成环形缝槽,能有效改善钻孔煤体应力状态,增加煤层渗透性,提高瓦斯抽采效率。     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent material industry

<正>Rare earth luminescent material is one of the most important application sectors of rare earths.China enjoys the exceptional advantage to develop rare earth luminescent material for its abundant rare earth resources.After several decades'endeavor,China's rare earth luminescent material industry,headed by rare earth phosphor for lamp and LED and high efficient rare earth energy-saving light source,has been gradually developed into a scale industry.China has become a major production base of rare earth phosphor for lamps and rare earth     

China rare earth market review

正June 1~10,2014Rare earth market remained weak.Quoted price of rare earth products was similar to that in May.There was no sign of recovery in downstream market.The market of NdFeB magnetic materials and phosphor was depressed.Catalyst,polishing powder and ceramic industries remained inactive.Demand from downstream industry was soft.Consumers purchased on their needs.Suppliers had strong intention to sell.Prices of rare earth products     

Annual Report analysis of Chinese rare earth-related listed companies in 2013

<正>Chinese rare earth-related listed companies have published their 2013 annual reports.It can be understood from their reports that production and operation activities of Chinese rare earth-related companies were still heavily affected by macro economy and industrial policies.They basically followed the steps of national economy.In 2013,world economy recovered slowly but the economy     

Market opportunities and challenges for rare earth polishing powder

正1.Status of rare earth polishing powder Rare earth polishing powder with high content of cerium oxide began to replace iron oxide for glass polishing and became one of the key materials in glass polishing process since 1940.Compared with traditional iron oxide,rare earth polishing powder has many advantages,such as fast polishing rate,high polishing quality and long service life.It can achieve good surface quality and improve operation conditions.For example,in lens polishing,the polishing work that cerium     

Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths developed a new RE alloy preparation technology

正Pyrometallurgy Laboratory of Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths had independently developed a new preparation technology of rare earth alloy for NdFeB.The alloy can remarkably enhance the coercivity of NdFeB magnet but also evidently reduce the production cost of the magnet.The new master alloy was prepared in the kA pilot-scale electrolytic cell by the independent technology.The rare earth master alloy can be used as the raw material for NdFeB.Compared     

矿用防爆轴流对旋主要通风机叶片ANSYS模态分析及应用

高效节能矿用防爆对旋主要通风机的叶片是主要通风机运行的关键部件,叶片在运行时不断受到气流的作用力,从而使叶片产生振动,当叶片振动的频率与叶片的固有频率接近时,容易产生共振从而导致叶片的断裂。一旦叶片断裂时,对主要通风机的安全运行产生致命的影响,从而导致矿山、化工等企业发生重大事故,将会产生不可估量的损失。基于有限元分析软件ANSYS,对高效节能矿用防爆轴流对旋主要通风机叶片进行模态分析及产生对应的六阶模态频率,对主要通风机叶片的运行频率、固有频率及产生的共振问题进行了原理分析,并且解决了叶片频率共振的问题,从而为主要通风机叶片结构设计提供理论依据,并对主要通风机叶片的安全运行提供保障。     

2013 NdFeB export analysis

<正>China totally exported nearly 24,000 tonsof NdFeB products during 201 3,including 18,825 tons of permanent magnet,valued USD 1.34 billion at an average price of 71.4 USD/kg;3,277 tons of NdFeB magnetic powder,valued USD 1 01 million at an average price of 30.9 USD/kg;1,334 tons of strip casting ribbon,with total export value of USD 74million at an average price of 55.3 USD/kg;and 586     

Market and recycling of NiMH battery

<正>Market status and future trend of NiMH battery1.Global market of small NiMH battery Global market size of small NiMH batteries declined year on year since 2011.The trend will continue to 2018,at the rate of 5%to 10%annually.Demand for small NiMH batteries will be stable gradually.Many electrical apparatuses are powered by the built-in lithium battery today,which is the main reason for the shrunk market of small NiMH batteries.But,for some products,small NiMH     

China rare earth market review

正September 1-10,2014 Affected by the National Day holiday,rare earth transaction was stagnant and the market showed a weak steady state.As there was no good news for downstream market,some products with flat demand would likely rally slightly for some time to     

唐口煤矿深部复杂开采工作面瓦斯分源涌出规律研究

研究工作面瓦斯涌出规律对工作面瓦斯治理有重要意义。为了得到唐口煤矿深部3号煤层复杂开采条件下工作面回采时期瓦斯涌出时空演化规律,选取6304工作面作为对象,采用实测方法研究6304工作面瓦斯涌出规律。结果表明:6304工作面瓦斯涌出量为6.534 m³/min,其中煤壁占34.27%,落煤占29.62%,采空区占36.11%;沿工作面倾向由低到高,瓦斯浓度整体为上升趋势,其中1—76号架工作面瓦斯浓度小于0.20%,76—102号架瓦斯浓度上升明显,最大为0.387%;上隅角的后部采空区是工作面的瓦斯主要涌出源,上隅角1号测点瓦斯浓度0.78%,上隅角周边3号、5号、7号、8号、9号测点瓦斯浓度平均为0.643%;周期来压时,上隅角瓦斯相对平时较高。研究为针对性的瓦斯分源监控与灾害防治提供基础。