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撞击加载下炸药晶体的破碎特征 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
分别对AP、HMX、RDX晶体进行落锤撞击加载,用环境扫描电镜观察了3种晶体的破碎特点。实验结果显示:3种晶体虽然都出现剪切带,但在破碎特征方面有明显不同,其中AP以晶体的局部脆性断裂为主,晶体的破碎程度最小,且加载后仍呈颗粒状;HMX和RDX以晶体的塑性变形和破碎为主,且加载后多呈现"薄片"结构;加载后RDX晶体比HMX易分散,但HMX晶体的破碎程度更严重。研究认为:晶体的撞击加载是力-热转化过程,晶体内部热点形成与晶体的力学强度有关,认为这一转换过程与晶体的分子组成和热反应机理有关。在低速撞击加载下,具有较强分子稳定性的AP晶体破碎程度最小,且不易形成热点。对于RDX和HMX晶体,"薄片"结构的形成原因除晶体破碎外,内部还可能存在相变、转晶等变化。 相似文献
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N. P. Loginov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2009,45(1):64-69
Decomposition of lead azide (LA), pentaerythrite tetranitrate (PETN), and a laminate system composed of these substances under vibrational loading is considered. Sensitivity of these substances to impact and vibrations is determined. Sensitivity of the LA + PETN laminate system to vibrational loading, which is characterized by the degree of decomposition, is substantially higher than that of PETN, but lower than that of LA. Specific features of the mechanism of decomposition of these substances at moderate values of vibration parameters and temperatures of specimen heating are discussed. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 73–79, January–February, 2009. 相似文献
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随着混凝土配比以及施工技术的改进,高强混凝土得到广泛使用,本文利用直径100 mm的分离式霍普金森压杆试验系统,研究了不同应变率下高强混凝土的动态力学性能,并对其动压强度、峰值应变、弹性模量及破坏形态的变化规律进行分析.结果表明:随应变率增大,高强混凝土的动压强度、峰值应变及破坏程度均呈上升趋势,表现出明显的应变率效应,同时,弹性模量则未出现明显变化趋势.高强混凝土具有更大的动压强度,但相对增幅下降,具有较小的率敏感性,现有CEB公式并不能有效拟合高强混凝土DIF值.同时,高强混凝土动弹性模量较大,峰值应变较小,其变形能力降低.在破坏形态分析中,高强混凝土具有更多的细小碎粒,破坏程度更大. 相似文献
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钝感炸药在机械撞击下爆炸危险性评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了用炸药撞击声压级-实验药量曲线评价钝感炸药在机械撞击作用下发生爆炸的危险性的方法和测试结果,并与苏珊试验、滑道试验等测试结果进行了比较和讨论。 相似文献
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纳米Al对RDX基炸药机械感度和火焰感度的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用机械混合法制备了含纳米Al的RDX基混合炸药,测试了其机械感度和火焰感度,用扫描电镜表征了纳米Al及其炸药的表面形貌,分析了感度变化的原因。结果表明,加入纳米Al后,RDX基炸药的撞击感度、摩擦感度和火焰感度增大;随着纳米Al含量的增加,撞击感度、摩擦感度和火焰感度明显增大;且含纳米Al炸药的撞击感度、摩擦感度和火焰感度均高于含微米Al炸药。纳米Al及含纳米Al炸药均存在微量团聚现象,在一定程度上影响了含纳米Al的RDX基炸药的感度。 相似文献
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研究2-2型水泥基压电复合材料在冲击载荷下的力电响应特征,利用分离式Hopkinson压杆装置进行冲击加载,借助超高速摄影技术观察试样在冲击载荷下的破坏形貌。结果表明:冲击载荷下,压电复合材料具有明显的应变率效应,是应变率敏感材料;压电复合材料的力电响应存在一个临界值,当应力小于该临界值时,试样的电信号与施加载荷之间具有良好的线性关系;动态增强因子可以有效描述压电复合材料压缩强度的率效应规律,在线性范围内,随着应变率的增大,试样的动态增强因子也增大,且具有稳定的增长率;由Maxwell模型得到的压电复合材料应力松弛时间随应变率增大单调递减;冲击载荷下,2-2型水泥基压电复合材料与压电陶瓷的电学失效发生在力学失效之前,且均呈现“爆炸式”破碎,压电陶瓷还伴随着明显的电弧放电现象。 相似文献
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采用小落锤加载装置和自行设计的剪切装置研究了含AP及不含AP的两种炸药装药在剪切加载下的动态响应特性,分别采用高速摄影和扫描电镜记录了装药动态响应过程和晶体的微观状态。结果表明,含AP炸药装药的临界点火阈值为1.0m,不含AP炸药装药的临界点火阈值为1.2m,表明AP的加入使整个炸药装药变得敏感;炸药药柱在加载作用下主要经历冲击、塑性流动、剪切、飞散、反应等阶段;剪切加载后的AP晶体损伤以剪切变形和穿晶断裂为主,而RDX晶体以塑性变形和破碎为主,差异主要与AP晶体的力学强度较低及没有明确的熔点性能有关。 相似文献
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A theoretical model to predict continuous deformation and acceleration of spherical or cylindrical metallic casings driven by detonation products inwards or outwards before fracture occurring is proposed in this paper. The casing materials are assumed to be rigid viscoplastic medium and the geometries are one dimension i.e., the explosive charge is initiated at the spherical center or on the cylindrical axis in the divergent case, or uniformly on the explosive shell's outer surface in the convergent case. The acceleration movements of spherical and cylindrical casings calculated with this model are in good agreement with experimental and numerical results performed with the finite element hydrocode DYNA2D. It is concluded that this model describes well one‐dimensional divergent and convergent movements of spherical or cylindrical casings under explosive loading, and provides a useful method to explore related problems, such as shell's fragmentation, its maximum velocity before fracture, blast wave in the near area adjacent to the casing and solid liner implosion. 相似文献
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利用直径100 mm的分离式霍普金森压杆试验装置,对混凝土进行不同应变率等级的冲击压缩试验,研究了冲击破坏后混凝土试件碎块的尺度分布规律及其分形特征.结果表明:随着应变率的提高,试件破碎程度逐渐增大,碎块平均尺寸不断减小,碎块质量分布由粗粒端向细粒端移动;冲击破坏后混凝土试件的碎块尺度分布具有明显的分形特征,其冲击破坏分维值随应变率的增大近似呈幂函数式增长,且冲击破坏分维越大,试件碎块平均尺寸越小,试件破碎越严重;混凝土冲击破坏分维的变化与其动态力学性能指标间具有密切联系,随着冲击破坏分维的增大,动态压缩强度、动态峰值应变及动态压缩韧性均不断增大. 相似文献
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通过添加不同含量的发泡聚苯乙烯(EPS)颗粒来预制目标孔隙率以模拟混凝土的不同孔洞缺陷,制备了不同孔隙率的C25和C30两种强度等级的混凝土试件,开展单调及往复荷载下含孔洞缺陷混凝土力学性能的试验研究,分析了混凝土试件破坏形态、强度、应变、弹性模量等随孔隙率的变化规律,探讨不同孔洞缺陷对混凝土力学性能的影响。试验结果表明:单调及往复荷载下,无预制孔洞缺陷的混凝土试件均表现为脆性破坏特征。但随着孔隙率的增加,混凝土试件的强度明显降低,应力-应变曲线逐渐趋于鱼肚状分布,试件由脆性向延性破坏转变,逐渐呈现多裂缝扩展特征,特别是对于往复加载情况。两种加载方式和两种强度等级条件下,试件主要力学参数随着预制孔隙率的增加均表现出一致的变化规律。峰值应力和弹性模量随孔隙率的上升呈指数下降,而峰值应变和应变极值呈线性增大。往复荷载下试件力学性能受孔隙率的影响程度均大于单调加载情况,而且,这种影响随混凝土强度的提高而减小。在往复加载过程中,孔隙率越大,峰值应力前试件的刚度比值越大,而峰后的刚度退化也愈严重。对于相同的孔隙率,混凝土强度等级越高,峰值应力前的刚度增长率及峰后的刚度退化程度越小。 相似文献
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Crack initiation and propagation have been investigated under tensile and shear loading in ceramically and carbon bonded refractories.A wedge splitting test procedure and a modified shear test have been applied.Test results have been used for material characterization especially with respect to brittleness.Furthermore a microscopic fractographic test procedure was developed and applied on fractured test specimens.In order to explain brittleness dependence on structure properties correlation of fractographic and fracture mechanical results has been evaluated.Frequently brittleness reduction is achieved by a lower amount of transgranular crack propagation associated with a strength decrease while maintaining specific fracture energy unchanged.Deviations from pure linear fracture mechanics increase with decreasing brittleness and contribute to specific fracture energy.Shear specimens may show two generations of cracks,a first one initiated by tensile loads (stable propagation) and a second one by shear loads (unstable propagation). 相似文献
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A. V. Dubovik 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2005,41(1):88-96
By an example of two explosive mixtures of the oxidizer-fuel type, the effect of chemical reactions between the components of the mixture on the critical parameters of explosion initiation by an impact is considered. It is shown that the contribution of intermolecular reactions to the energy balance of the mixture increases with the magnitude of the oxygen balance of the oxidizer. Accordingly, the mixture becomes more sensitive to the impact.Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 100–109, January–February, 2005. 相似文献