Photoluminescence of ZnO infiltrated into a three-dimensional photonic crystal

The effect of the photonic band gap (stopband) of the photonic crystal, the synthesized SiO₂ opal with embedded zinc oxide, on its luminescence in the violet spectral region is studied. It is shown that the position of the photonic band gap in the luminescence and reflectance spectra of the infiltrated opal depends on the diameter of the constituent nanoglobules, the volume fraction of zinc oxide, and on the signal’s acceptance angle. It is found that, for the ZnO-opal nanocomposites, the emission intensity is decreased and the luminescence decay time is increased in the spatial directions, in which the photonic band gap coincides in spectral position with the luminescence peak of zinc oxide. The change in the decay time can be attributed to the change in the local density of photonic states in the photonic band gap.     

Electronic tunability of ferroelectric liquid crystal infiltrated photonic crystal fibre

The electronic tunability of ferroelectric liquid crystal filled photonic crystal fibres is demonstrated for the first time. The tunability is obtained in the wavelength range of 1500-1600-nm, with a free spectral range of-20-nm. The electronic tunability is achieved by applying an electric field onto the infiltrated photonic crystal fibre which facilitates the photonic bandgap tuning owing to the microsecond-order switching speeds of ferroelectric liquid crystals. The polarised transmission spectrum shows the behaviour of a tunable notch filter with a change in applied voltage. The results obtained could pave the way for the fabrication of fast tunable all-in-fibre devices in the telecom wavelength range.     

Thermo-optic switching in liquid crystal infiltrated photonic bandgap fibres

A new type of hybrid photonic crystal fibres, which are infiltrated with liquid crystals, are demonstrated. Thermo-optic fibre switching, which utilises the phase transitions of a thermochromic liquid crystal inside a photonic crystal fibre, is demonstrated.     

An electric field tunable switch with liquid crystal infiltrated photonic crystal fiber grating

The nematic liquid crystal（NLC）infiltrated photonic crystal fiber（PCF）used as a switch modulated by electric field is demonstrated.The switch consists of the infiltrated solid core PCF into which Bragg gratings are written.It is confirmed that the switch can achieve an accurate operation through measuring the reflected light with the change of electric field intensity from 1.4 kVrms/mm to 2.1 kVrms/mm.When the electric field intensity exceeds the threshold,the change of only 0.01 kVrms/mm can cause the wavelength shift of 1 nm.It is approved that the switch with such a structure provides a high sensitivity.The reflection peak is stabilized at about 15 dB which is high enough to separate from the factors such as system noise and error,and it can improve the control precision.     

二维聚合物分散液晶光子晶体的制备与研究

为了改善现有聚合物分散液晶(PDLC)光子晶体(PC)的制备方法和电光特性,利用532nm激光干涉条纹引发聚合物和液晶的混合物相分离,采用全息两次不等时曝光的方法,即第1次曝光完成后,将样品沿基板中心法线旋转60°进行第2次曝光,制备得到电可调谐的二维三角格子的PDLC-PC。实验结果表明,两次曝光的时间对聚合物和液晶的相分离程度影响很大,用偏光显微镜观察优化条件下制备得的二维PDLC-PC发现,聚合物和液晶在二维空间上呈规则的三角格子周期性分布。用波长为633nm的He-Ne激光器探测得到在未施加电压时不同晶格常数的PDLC-PC的衍射图样,并根据一级衍射的电光变化曲线,可以看到,其衍射效率可以利用电场进行有效的调节。     

光子晶体光纤色散特性的数值分析

光子晶体光纤日益成为目前研究的热点,但一般只局限于理论上的定性分析,没有进行准确的定量计算.应用平面波法和整胞方法对二维光子晶体光纤进行了全数值模拟,计算了有效折射率、V参数以及波导色散特性.研究了上述参数与光子晶体光纤的结构参量孔距a,相对孔径f等于D/a的关系.显示出光子晶体光纤的无限单模性质和可控色散特性.     

Tunable photonic crystal waveguide coupler with nematic liquid crystals

Photonic crystals (PCs) have great potential in applications for their ability to control lightwave propagation and the possibilities of implementing PC-based optical waveguide into waveguide coupler systems. In this letter, the novel tunable PC waveguide coupler based on nematic liquid crystals is proposed, and its coupling properties are numerically investigated by using the finite-difference time-domain method. The coupling length of PC waveguide couplers with liquid crystals is shorter than the coupling length of coupler without liquid crystals at the same input wavelength. The refractive indexes of liquid crystals can be changed by rotating the directors of liquid crystals. Then, we can control the direction of light propagation in PC waveguide coupler. These results may provide novel application of switching devices in optical circuits.     

反射式掺杂液晶光子晶体光纤电场传感实验研究

提出了一种反射式结构的掺杂向列液晶(NLC)光子晶体光纤(PCF)电场测量传感器。传感器由小于1cm长的掺入液晶实芯PCF构成,在掺杂光纤端面镀Ag膜以提高端面反射率。通过实验,测量出了反射光强随电场强度增加的变化情况,证实了设计的传感器可以用于电场在1.4～3.7kVrms/mm范围内的电场测量,同时获得了镀膜对反射光强的影响以及对传感器灵敏度、精度的影响。     

基于光弹效应的二维光子晶体能带结构特性研究

根据介质的光弹效应,采用有限元法对二维光子晶体的能带特性进行分析。当给二维光子晶体施加应力时,由于构成二维光子晶体的介质的光弹效应,引起介质的折射率变化,使得光子晶体的能带结构发生变化。详细分析了外加应力变化对基于Si/SiO2二维光子晶体能带结构特性的影响,结果表明,禁带的起始波长、截止波长及禁带宽度的变化量与外加应力呈线性关系。     

Tunable polarisation-maintaining filter based on liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibre

A tunable and polarisation-maintaining all-in-fibre filter based on a liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibre is demonstrated. Its polarisation extinction ratio reaches 14 dB at 1550 nm wavelength. Its spectral tunability range spans over 250 nm in the temperature range 30?708C. The measured transmission spectrum is compared with that obtained through finite element simulations.     

平板型光子晶体液晶微谐振腔的温度特性

在二维光子晶体薄板的中心空气孔中填充厚度与光波长相当的液晶材料,形成平板型光子晶体液晶微谐振腔结构。用时域有限差分法研究了液晶微谐振腔的温度特性,并用Matlab编程进行了数值计算。计算结果表明,由于液晶折射率是温度的函数以及微腔对光波传输的约束,当温度升高时微谐振腔的透射峰波长向长波长方向移动,透射峰半高宽度减小,品质因子增大,谐振波长和品质因子随填充因子与平板厚度的变化曲线向增大方向移动,接近液晶相变点时微腔的温度特性变化更迅速。平板型光子晶体液晶微谐振腔的温度特性,为可调光子晶体器件的设计提供了理论基础。     

Tunable photonic crystal coupled-cavity laser

We report the development of a tunable photonic crystal coupled-cavity laser diode based on InP. The laser consists of two photonic crystal channel waveguides that are coupled through a photonic crystal mirror segment in /spl Gamma/-M direction. The cavity lengths define the respective mode spacings in the cavities. The tuning characteristics of the device are compared with results obtained from a transfer matrix model. Quasi-continuous tuning is achieved in a 29.6-nm window with 36 wavelength division multiplexing channels spaced 0.8 nm apart (ITU grid). The simplicity of fabrication and promising output characteristics should make this tunable laser design an interesting source for monolithic integration into highly integrated photonic circuits.     

Transmission properties of a two-dimensional photonic crystal slabwith an excitonic resonance

The transmission properties of a 2-D photonic crystal slab with an exciton resonance are investigated experimentally and theoretically. Good agreement between experiment and scattering matrix based theory is obtained. The photonic crystal slab is composed of a square lattice of etched square holes in a quartz substrate, filled by an inorganic-organic semiconductor and covered by a polystyrene guiding film. We demonstrate that the transmissivity of the structure shows pronounced dips, which originate from the excitation of quasi-guided modes in the photonic crystal slab. The measured and calculated angular dependence of the energy of these dips and their optical activity allow us to identify the physical properties of the quasi-guided modes, such as their symmetry and distribution of electromagnetic field     

Tunable Gaussian filter based on tapered liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibre

A tunable Gaussian filter based on a tapered liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibre is presented. The filter is centred at lambda=1062 nm and has a 3 dB bandwidth of 150 nm. Tunability is achieved by exploiting the thermo-optic effect of the liquid crystals. A shift of 110 nm at the central wavelength is observed by increasing the temperature from 30 to 80degC     

一维光子晶体波长可调谐滤波器

介绍了一种将液晶作为缺陷引入到一维光子晶体结构中,实现波长可调谐的滤波器.通过对光子晶体的滤波特性的分析清晰地说明这种光可调谐滤波器的原理和可行性.同时选用手征近晶型液晶,利用电压对这种液晶折射率的调制快于向列液晶的特性,得到符合现在光通信网要求的体积小、阻带区对透光抑制力强、损耗低和开关速度快的可调滤波器.最后,对滤波结构中的重要参数进行了探讨.     

二维光子晶体中的自准直研究

利用平面波展开法计算了二维三角晶格的光子晶体的色散关系,分析了第一条带的等频率线,利用时域有限差分法仿真显示了第一条带具有较好的自准直现象特性.在此基础上,设计了一种可以使得光在无缺陷光子晶体中改变传播方向的结构,并对此结构进行了实验仿真.     

Lithographic tuning of a two-dimensional photonic crystal laserarray

One attraction of photonic crystals is the ability to control optical device characteristics by lithographically varying the geometry. In this letter, we demonstrate a 10×10 array of optically pumped two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystal defect lasers with varying lattice parameters. By adjusting the photonic crystal interhole spacing as well as the hole diameter we are able to tune the laser wavelength from 1500 to 1625 nm on a monolithic InP-InGaAsP wafer. A wavelength resolution of 10 nm from device to device was obtainable, limited by the lithography and etching tolerances of our fabrication method     

Study on electro-optic properties of two-dimensional PLZT photonic crystal band structure

The band characteristics of two-dimensional(2D) lead lanthanum zirconate titanate(PLZT) photonic crystals are analyzed by finite element method.The electro-optic effect of PLZT can cause the refractive index change when it is imposed by the applied electric field,and the band structure of 2D photonic crystals based on PLZT varies accordingly.The effect of the applied electric field on the structural characteristics of the first and second band gaps in 2D PLZT photonic crystals is analyzed in detail.And the results show that for each band gap,the variations of start wavelength,cut-off wavelength and bandwidth are proportional to quadratic of the electric field.     

Tunable edge-emitting microlaser on photonic crystal slab

A tunable edge-emitting microlaser is realised by a chirped line-defect photonic crystal waveguide. A tunable range of 57 nm is obtained experimentally.