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电子束熔炼具有高能量密度、高真空度等优点, 能够有效地去除硅中的挥发性杂质, 使其在制备太阳能级多晶硅材料方面具有巨大的优势和广阔的应用前景, 目前已经实现了产业化应用, 成为冶金法制备太阳能级硅材料的关键环节之一。本文在阐述挥发性杂质去除的热力学原理的基础上, 对其去除效果和去除机制进行了总结。同时, 针对电子束熔炼技术目前存在的问题, 结合作者在这些方面的探索, 从数值模拟、节能型熔炼方式以及与定向凝固技术的耦合等角度对现阶段的研究重点进行了综述, 并对其未来的发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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以A356回炉料为对象,研究了熔炼温度和保温时间对Ca含量的变化规律。结果表明:Ca含量随着保温时间延长以二次曲线规律逐渐下降,低温时下降速率线性增大,高温时下降速率线性减小。当熔炼温度升高,Ca含量下降速率加快,在760℃熔炼时只经过3h就能达到最低含量6×10~(-6)。通过热力学和动力学分析可知,[Ca]主要通过前期被氧化和中后期扩散至熔体表层还原氧化铝的方式降低。温度越高,[Ca]与氧化铝开始反应的时间越短。在660~720℃熔炼初期,Ca氧化速率随温度变化满足K=578 749exp[-176 500/(RT)]规律。 相似文献
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A comparative study was carried out on the microstructures of NiTi shape memory alloy produced by two techniques of copper boat induction melting and vacuum arc melting. The as-solidified and homogenized specimens were characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with EDS, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the microstructure formed in the copper boat method was free of segregation (Ti or Ni-rich precipitates) with a low scatter (<5 K) in phase transition temperatures within the ingot at different positions. Unlike the multi-stage vacuum arc remelting process, a homogeneous microstructure was achieved only after one melting procedure. 相似文献
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用真空熔炼法制备了多种贮氢合金原样,分别经不同温度、时间热处理和保护气氛下球磨处理.改性前后样品晶体结构用SEM和XRD测试进行结构表征,结果表明合金为LaNi_5和LaMg_2Ni_9晶相的复合相,经过热处理的合金颗粒粒径变小针刺变少、分布也相对更均匀.采用LANDAN进行电化学相关测试(电流密度为150mA/g),表明经过热处理使得晶体结构优化,放电容量有显著增加,且经由Al替代Ni的合金容量达到353.7mAh/g,循环50周容量保持率为76.7%,循环100周容量保持率为62.7%,表现出更好的循环稳定性.实验结果表明,无Co替代贮氢合金经热处理后电化学性能有显著提高,有望降低合金材料成本的同时提高材料的环境友好性. 相似文献
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《Vacuum》2013
According to the traditional metallurgical theory, the evaporation process of phosphorus and silicon during silicon refining by electron beam melting (EBM) is discussed and a theoretical model is established to obtain the loss rate of silicon, the removal efficiency of phosphorus and the corresponding energy consumption. The results show that phosphorus can be removed from silicon melt efficiently and quickly by EBM. There is a one-to-one correspondence between the loss of silicon and the removal efficiency of phosphorus, indicating that they have obvious effect on each other, whereas the EB power has little influence on the loss rate of silicon. If the EB power is increased from 9 kW to 21 kW, the melting time can be shortened by 68%, the loss of silicon increased by only 0.1% and the energy consumption decreased by 25%. Based on the theoretical and experimental results, a high-power EBM method is considered to be a better way for the removal of phosphorus with high efficiency and low energy consumption under such experiment conditions. 相似文献
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Mahendra Kumar 《Materials at High Temperatures》2013,30(2):87-90
The microstructure of a nickel-based superalloy has been refined by a progressive induction melting technique. The control on heating rate was achieved by manipulating the melt stock position with respect to the induction furnace coils and by regulating the power supply to the furnace. The melt stock was suspended to obtain molten metal droplets with minimum superheat. These droplets were collected in a rotating watercooled copper mould to obtain an ingot with fine microstructure. Measurements of secondary dendrite arm spacing show reduction of one order of magnitude in the refined ingot. Increase in hardness was also registered and is considered to be a result of grain refinement. 相似文献
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主要研究在真空感应熔炼921A焊丝和HZS60B焊芯钢丝时,通过对原材料的运用,主要合金成分的控制,控制熔炼真空度降低气体含量等方面的工艺研究,找到了在真空感应熔炼条件下熔炼921焊丝和HZS60B焊芯钢丝的最佳,保证了材料具有较高的强韧性等综合性能指标。 相似文献
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借助于Kohler三元溶液模型和Miedema二元溶液生长热模型 ,计算了Ti -1 3Al -2 9Nb -2 .5Mo合金中Ti、Al及Nb组元的活度系数 ,并在此基础上计算了合金中组元的平衡分压及Al元素的挥发损失速率 .结果表明 ,组元的活度系数、平衡分压及Al元素的挥发损失速率均随温度的升高而增大 .存在一个临界外压 (约为 1 3 3Pa) ,当外压大于此值 ,挥发损失速率急剧减小并趋于一稳定值 .这给合金熔炼过程中合金成分控制提供了理论指导 . 相似文献