Ni75MnxAl25-x合金早期沉淀相的微观相场模拟

采用三元微观相场动力学模型研究Ni75MnxAl25-x合金早期沉淀相的形成过程。对合金微观组织演化图像、有序相体积分数曲线、序参数曲线及占位几率的分析表明:该合金首先析出L10结构,随后L10结构向L12结构转变,L12结构在L10结构的内部析出。随着Al浓度的增大,等成分有序化阶段缩短;且L10结构体积分数增大,发生结构转变的时间提前。Al和Mn原子在(001)和(002)面几乎同时有序排列,但是一定时间后(002)面原子开始贫化,发生结构转变,Al原子主要占据β位,Mn原子主要占据αⅡ位。合金最终析出单一的L12伪二元结构。     

Ni75Al5.5V19.5合金沉淀行为的微观相场模拟

利用微观相场方法模拟了Ni75Al5.5V19.5合金两种有序相D022和L12随温度变化时的不同沉淀过程.发现过冷度在相变驱动力中处于主导地位.高温下D022相首先析出,之后L1 2相在D022相和无序相的界面以及D022相形成的界面处析出,L1 2相长大时同时向无序基体和D022相推移;低温下L1 2相先析出,D022相在L1 2相的界面处形核长大,同时L1 2相通过失稳分解由非化学计量相向平衡相转变,其尺寸减小.该合金最终两相体积分数同时达到平衡并基本相等.随温度降低,L1 2相由高温时的非经典形核与失稳分解的混合机制向低温时的失稳分解转变;D022相的沉淀机制由非经典形核与失稳分解的混合机制向低温时的非经典形核转变.     

Ni75Al25-xFex合金中γ′相原子占位的微观相场模拟

采用三元微观离散格点形式的相场模型,对Ni75Al25-xFex合金γ′相的原子占位、浓度和长程序参数等进行了模拟计算。结果表明：γ′相沉淀析出为等成分有序化兼失稳分解机制;在γ′相内,随Fe含量的增加,Fe原子在β位的占位呈明显的上升趋势,Al原子反之,且发现有少量Ni原子占据β位。另一方面,在α格点,Fe原子的占位只呈现略微的增长,Al原子几乎不变,而Ni原子则略微下降;β位主要由Al,Fe原子共同占据,形成的γ′相是Ni3（AlFe）单相。     

不同弹性畸变程度下Ni75Al14Mo11合金沉淀过程的多尺度模拟

基于微观相场模型和第一性原理方法模拟了Ni75Al14Mo11合金在不同弹性畸变能常数下的相变过程。当弹性畸变能从无到有时,沉淀相形貌由椭圆状变为块状,分布由不规则随机排列变为沿弹性"软"方向规则排列,具有一定方向性;弹性畸变能对短程DO22有序相的析出有抑制作用,并且对沉淀粗化过程的影响要大于对析出过程的影响;弹性畸变能对沉淀相的有序化及原子簇聚的影响并不是随着其增加而简单的起抑制或促进作用,而是与其取值范围有关。在相同的外界条件下,Ni、Al元素形成Ni3Al要比Ni、Mo元素形成Ni3Mo容易,导致Ni75Al14Mo11合金在1073 K时效下较易析出Ni3Al。     

Ni75Al15Mn10合金γ′相沉淀过程以及原子占位的微观相场模拟

基于微观相场模型和微观弹性理论,对Ni75Al15Mn10合金γ′相沉淀过程以及原子占位进行了原子层面的计算机模拟。结果表明:合金在1273K进行时效,沉淀早期先析出L10结构,之后随着有序度的增加,逐渐转变为L12结构;原子的有序化早于成分簇聚,γ′相的沉淀机制为等成分有序化+失稳分解的混合机制;γ′有序相的体积分数比γ无序相小,且γ′和γ相的体积分数比值约为60%;Al原子主要占据β格点(γ′相顶角位置),αⅡ和αⅠ格点主要由Mn原子占据,且在αⅡ格点占位几率高于αⅠ格点,Mn原子主要占据Ni位,形成的γ′相为单一的(Ni,Mn)3Al相。     

Ni75Al15Mn10合金γ'相沉淀过程以及原子占位的微观相场模拟

基于微观相场模型和微观弹性理论,对Ni75Al15Mn10合金γ’相沉淀过程以及原子占位进行了原子层面的计算机模拟.结果表明:合金在1273K进行时效,沉淀早期先析出L10结构,之后随着有序度的增加,逐渐转变为L12结构;原子的有序化早于成分簇聚,γ’相的沉淀机制为等成分有序化+失稳分解的混合机制;γ'有序相的体积分数比γ无序相小,且γ’和γ相的体积分数比值约为60％; Al原子主要占据β格点(γ’相顶角位置),αⅡ和αⅠ格点主要由Mn原子占据,且在aⅡ格点占位几率高于αⅠ格点,Mn原子主要占据Ni位,形成的γ’相为单一的(Ni,Mn)3Al相.     

Ni75AlxV25-x合金中异相界面成分演化的微观相场模拟

采用微观相场模型研究界面原子结构和相变方向对Ni75AlxV25-x合金中异相间有序畴界和有序/无序相界成分演化的影响。结果表明:在异相间有序畴界处,V在有序畴界的DO22相一侧贫化,在有序畴界的L12相一侧偏聚;Al则在有序畴界的DO22相一侧偏聚,在有序畴界的L12相一侧贫化。Ni在异相间可迁移有序畴界处的成分受相变方向和界面结构的影响。在DO22相与无序相之间形成的相界处,Al和Ni偏聚,V则贫化;在L12相与无序相之间形成的相界处,Al和Ni贫化,V则偏聚。由于溶质拖拽效应,合金元素在有序畴界处的偏聚和贫化倾向不随有序畴界迁移改变,但程度变化。     

微观相场模拟Ni64Al21V15合金中L12、DO22相形成的原子迁移

利用微观相场动力学模型研究Ni64Al21V15合金1150K下的L12相、DO22相转变的过程,详细分析合金元素在两相中不同原子面和各个格点上的占位几率及其演化过程,探讨原子迁移机制。研究发现Ni64Al21V15合金沉淀过程L12相向DO22相结构转变存在两种晶体学位向关系类型:(001)L12→(001)DO22和(001)L12→(100)DO22。Al、V和Ni原子首先在原子面间跃迁,由均匀、无序的状态分别向各原子面富集,同时发生有序化反应。Al和V原子优先占据β和β1位(以Al原子为主),Ni原子优先占据α1和β2位。随后Al、V和Ni原子在面内迁移,Al原子占据β1和α1位,V原子占据β和β2位,Ni原子主要占据α1位,从而实现L12相转变成DO22相。     

Ni-Cr-Al合金中D022相和L12相沉淀过程微观相场模拟

基于微观相场动力学模型和微观弹性理论,对Ni75Cr19Al6.0合金的沉淀过程进行了研究.结果表明,合金沉淀初期,DD22相以失稳分解机制从无序基体中析出,L12相以非经典形核长大机制析出,两相均呈现不规则形状且随机分布.共格沉淀相和母相之间的点阵错配度引起的弹性场对沉淀过程产生明显影响,D022相和L12相在沉淀后期表现出强烈的各向异性特征,其形貌均转变为长方块状,沿弹性"软"方向([100]和[001])规则分布,沉淀后期在基体中形成高度择优取向的微观组织.粗化过程中,D022相和L12相的平均半径的立方与时效时间整体上并不满足线性关系,弹性约束系统中的长大规律发生变化.     

四近邻对势对Ni75Al5V20合金沉淀机制影响的 微观相场模拟

利用微观相场动力学模型,研究了4近邻对势对Ni75Al5V20合金沉淀机制的影响.结果表明,不改变4近邻对势,DO22相和Ll2相沉淀机制均为失稳分解与非经典形核混合型机制.随Ni-Al4近邻对势V4Ni-Al向负值方向绝对值增大,Ll2相沉淀机制转变为失稳分解.随Ni-V4近邻对势V4Ni-V增大,DO22相沉淀机制转变为失稳分解,Ll2相转变为非经典形核机制,Ll2相中的Al浓度平衡值增大.随Al-V 4近邻对势V4Al-V向负值方向绝对值增大,对沉淀机制的影响趋势与V4Al-V增大类似;随V4Al-V向正值方向增大,与V4Al-V减小的影响类似.     

On the peritectoid formation of Ni5Al3

The peritectoid formation of Ni₅Al₃ from the two phases NiAl and Ni₃Al was studied in a Ni---Al alloy containing 66 at% Ni by means of transmission electron microscopy. The product phase does not form as a uniform layer between the two initial phases as expected and already observed in a few systems. In the system studied here there are only very few nucleation sites located at the NiAl/Ni₃Al interface. The further growth of Ni₅Al₃ takes place only into one of the initial phases which is NiAl. A strict orientation relationship between NiAl and Ni₅Al₃ was observed; the growth direction was [221]. The transformation is presumably diffusion controlled; it is very sluggish and it can be described by a nucleation and growth process. From the study presented here we conclude that the formation of Ni₅Al₃ proceeds by a micromechanism which differs from that normally assumed for peritectoid reactions.     

相场法研究Ni-Al间作用势对Ni75Al14Cr11合金L10预析出相的影响

采用微观相场法研究了Ni_(75)Al_(14)Cr_(11)合金第1个近邻到第4个近邻Ni-Al原子间相互作用势对L1_0预析出相沉淀过程的影响。结果表明,当第3近邻Ni-Al原子间相互作用势增大或第4种近邻Ni-Al原子间相互作用势减少时,L1_0预析出相和L1_2平衡相均提前沉淀,且L1_0预析出相体积分数减少而L1_2相的最终体积分数几乎不变;当第3近邻Ni-Al原子间相互作用势减少或第4近邻Ni-Al原子间相互作用势的增大时,L1_0预析出相和L1_2最终相都会推迟沉淀,且L1_0预析出相和L1_2相体积分数均增大;与上述2种情况相比,改变第1近邻Ni-Al原子间相互作用势对L1_0预析出相沉淀过程的影响较小,而改变第2近邻Ni-Al原子间相互作用势对沉淀过程几乎没有影响。进一步研究表明,Ni-Al原子间相互作用势改变不影响合金的沉淀机制,将影响L1_0预析出相、L1_2平衡相的析出时间、速度和2种相的体积分数,沉淀形貌等,从而影响Ni_(75)Al_(14)Cr_(11)高温合金的结构和性能,对合金优化设计有指导意义。     

双晶体NiTi形状记忆合金在无/有应力作用时效下的Ni_4Ti_3相沉淀行为模拟(英文)

运用相场方法研究双晶体NiTi形状记忆合金分别在无应力和有应力作用下时效过程中Ni4Ti3相的沉淀行为,模拟研究两种不同初始过饱和度(Ni含量分别为51.5%和52.5%,摩尔分数)的NiTi基体并考虑外加应力的影响。模拟结果表明,在无应力作用的体系中,当体系Ni原子初始浓度相对较低(51.5%Ni)时,Ni4Ti3相以非均匀的方式析出,其中晶界上存在大量的Ni4Ti3变体,晶界内大部分区域无变体;当体系Ni原子初始浓度较高(52.5%Ni)时,Ni4Ti3在整个双晶体系中均匀析出。在所研究的两种初始浓度下,一定大小的外加应力将直接导致Ni4Ti3变体在整个模拟体系中均匀析出,而两晶粒中变体的类型分布有所不同。     

Morphology of M23C6 precipitation in L12-ordered Ni3(Al, Cr)

A transmission electron microscope investigation has been performed on the morphology of M₂₃C₆ precipitation in L1₂-ordered Ni₃(Al, Cr) containing 0.1–0.5 mol% of carbon. By aging at temperatures around 1073 K after solution annealing at 1423 K, fine octahedral-shaped precipitates of M₂₃C₆ bounded by {111} facets appear first on the dislocations and then in the matrix. The shapes of the precipitates are not always equilateral but tetragonal or elongated octahedral ones appear during aging. Planar growth faults were observed in some of the octahedral precipitates. After prolonged aging or by aging at higher temperatures, these shapes of precipitates become unstable. The M₂₃C₆ precipitates then adopt a rod-like morphology elongated parallel to the 100 directions and characterized by steps bounded by {111} facets.     

The mechanical anomaly of L12 alloys: a review of recent experiments and models

The anomalous deformation behaviour of L1₂ alloys is reviewed with emphasis made on the contributions of the past few years. The present understanding of the microstructural organization is presented schematically and its principal components outlined. The competition between a potent exhaustion of mobile dislocation and the difficulty of multiplication is discussed based on dedicated mechanical tests aimed at emphasizing transients. The information brought about by computer simulations is analyzed. Recent findings on the lack of orientation dependence of the flow stress in binary alloys are presented.     

Ordering in the sublattices of Fe3Al during the phase transformation B2↔D03

The temperature dependence of the iron concentrations in the individual sublattices of hyperstoichiometric binary Fe₇₂Al₂₈ and ternary Fe₆₈Al₂₈Cr₄ alloys were obtained from X-ray diffraction data measured in a high temperature vacuum chamber during linear heating around the phase transformation B2↔D0₃. A method for the processing of the diffraction pattern based on the splitting of the diffraction lines of the structure D0₃ into three groups is presented. Applying this method it was found that the structure B2 was not well developed in both samples. The maximum value of c_C≈0.8 gives S_B2 equal to 0.4 and 0.3 for binary and ternary alloy, respectively. The D0₃-order was not well developed too, because structure D0₃ arises from the structure B2. D0₃-ordering, i.e. redistribution of atoms within the sublattices A and B, is given only by the total number of iron atoms in these sublattices before the phase transformation B2↔D0₃.     

MICROSCOPIC PHASE–FIELD METHOD SIMULATION FOR THE IN SITU TRANSFORMATION OF L10 PHASE AND L12 PHASE STRUCTURE

Ni₈₀Al₁₃Cr₇合金为研究对象, 采用描述单个格点位置原子占位的时间和空间演化为特征的微观相场法, 研究了Al和Cr原子在(100)和(200)面上的原子占位变化与时效早期Ni₃(Al, Cr)结构演化之间的关系. 研究表明, 在时效最初阶段, Al和Cr原子在(100)和(200)面上的成分序参数并不发生变化, 然而在两面上的长程序参数相等并随时间逐渐增大, 以等成分有序化的形式发生第一次原位转变, 形成低有序度的L1₀结构预析出相. 当有序度增大到一定值时, Al和Cr原子的成分序参数和长程序参数在(100)面上迅速增大, 而在(200)面上则迅速降低, 相结构发生第二次原位转变, L1₀结构逐渐向L1₂结构转化.