罕遇地震下曲线钢-混凝土组合梁桥的墩柱扭转效应

为了研究曲线钢-混凝土组合梁桥在罕遇地震下的墩柱扭转效应,基于考虑扭转效应的钢管混凝土纤维梁模型,建立了曲线组合梁桥的杆系有限元分析模型。对不同输入方向的三条地震波作用下是否考虑墩柱扭转效应的纤维梁模型的计算结果进行了对比,包括墩顶位移、墩柱扭转角和墩柱内力等。在此基础上,对曲线组合梁桥在罕遇地震作用下的扭转效应的关键影响参数进行了分析。结果表明:采用考虑扭转效应的纤维梁模型分析曲线组合梁桥在地震作用下的受力反应,可有效的反映罕遇地震下曲线钢-混凝土组合梁桥的墩柱扭转效应。另外,曲率半径和墩高是影响曲线组合梁桥在纵向地震作用下墩柱扭转效应的主要因素。     

累计冲击荷载作用下GFRP-混凝土组合梁动态响应分析

为探究玻璃纤维复合材料(glass fiber reinforce plastic, GFRP)-混凝土组合梁在多次落石冲击荷载下的动态响应,采用摇臂式落锤试验机,对1根纯GFRP梁及4根GFRP-混凝土组合梁进行累计冲击试验,得到了不同工况下试验梁位移、冲击力、应变时程曲线及裂缝开展状态,并分阶段讨论了梁体损伤演化过程。试验结果表明：纯GFRP梁具有优异的抗冲击性能,但冲击荷载作用下变形过大;组合梁的破坏特征均为混凝土主裂缝贯通,GFRP-混凝土界面发生剥离,良好的界面黏结性能是确保GFRP-混凝土组合梁抗冲击性能提升的关键;竖向冲击荷载下,混凝土厚度的增大,可明显减小同一冲击高度下梁体跨中的变形响应;试验梁抵抗侧向冲击的能力优于其抵抗竖向冲击的能力。采用显示动力分析软件LS-DYNA建立了GFRP-混凝土组合梁累计冲击模型,并基于该模型分析了冲击锤质量、冲击速度及截面高度比等参数对GFRP混凝土组合梁动态响应的影响规律。     

考虑滑移、剪力滞后和剪切变形的钢-混凝土组合梁解析解

通过在Newmark 模型中引入(1)描述横向非均匀分布的纵向位移的翘曲形函数和(2)描述钢梁腹板剪切变形的Timoshenko 梁假定,建立了一个能考虑滑移、剪力滞后和剪切变形的钢-混凝土组合梁模型,并推导了均布荷载作用下的解析解。最后通过4 个算例验证了模型和解析解的正确性和适用性,并显示了考虑组合梁剪切变形的必要性。另外,算例还表明,在组合梁的三维有限元建模中采用Timoshenko 梁单元来考虑钢梁的剪切变形会导致显著的误差。     

钢-混凝土连续组合梁滑移与挠度耦合分析

钢-混凝土连续组合梁界面滑移在一定程度上减小组合梁刚度,增大变形,影响构件性能。为定量研究组合梁界面滑移对构件性能的影响,对11根钢-混凝土连续组合梁进行了静力试验,描述了连续组合梁的滑移和挠度分布规律,建立了不同边界条件和不同荷载作用下的简支组合梁滑移挠度联合微分方程组,利用叠加法建立了钢-混凝土连续组合梁滑移和挠度的解析解计算公式。利用解析公式对17根连续组合梁试件进行了计算,计算结果与实测值吻合较好。计算结果表明,剪力连接程度对挠度有一定影响,当剪力连接度达到完全连接后,增大剪力连接度对挠度影响很小;当剪力连接度在0.6~1.0范围内时,界面滑移引起的挠度增量小于5%;同时,随连续组合梁剪力连接度的降低,连续组合梁界面滑移逐渐趋近于无剪力连接的叠合板滑移值。     

考虑粘结层滑移效应的组合梁弯曲

针对粘结型组合梁,在粘结层仅沿轴向剪切变形的假定下,给出了组合梁大挠度弯曲的一般非线性控制方程,指出仅在一阶近似下,组合梁子梁的轴线挠度相等.其次,在Euler-Bernoulli 梁变形的条件下,通过线性化方法,由上述非线性控制方程得到以挠度和轴向位移为基本未知量的组合梁线性弯曲耦合控制方程,该耦合方程组可分别退化为经典组合梁和叠梁的控制方程.最后,分析了悬臂组合梁在端部集中力作用下的线性弯曲,得到了问题的解析解,给出了不同梁长下组合梁自由端挠度、粘结层滑移位移和剪切应力等随粘结层剪切模量和厚度的变化曲线,进行了参数分析,结果表明:粘结层厚度和剪切模量对组合梁挠度和粘结层滑移有较为显著的影响,而对粘结层剪力影响很小.     

钢-预应力混凝土组合梁滑移规律分析及连接件局部加强设计

为了对预加力阶段组合梁剪力连接件的局部加强设计提供理论依据,采用能量变分法,考虑翼板剪力滞效应和钢梁与混凝土板之间相对滑移的影响,推导了钢-混凝土预应力组合梁在预加轴力作用下荷载效应的解析解,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,并在解析解基础上分析了预加轴力作用下组合梁结合面的相对滑移规律.分析表明:组合梁在预应力锚固区的界面...     

考虑多组件疲劳损伤的组合梁剩余承载力计算方法及试验验证

针对现行规范中无法计算钢-混凝土组合梁在疲劳后的剩余承载力问题，提出考虑多组件疲劳损伤的组合梁剩余承载力的计算方法。基于材料剩余强度理论，分别引入组合梁各组件（混凝土板、钢梁和栓钉连接件）在疲劳荷载作用下的强度衰减模型；对疲劳荷载作用下的组合梁进行受力分析，得到在既定疲劳荷载幅值下各组件的疲劳应力幅；将各组件的疲劳损伤计入钢-混凝土组合梁剩余抗弯承载力计算中，并考虑疲劳加载过程中组合梁抗剪连接度的变化，建立完全抗剪连接和部分抗剪连接两种情形下的组合梁剩余承载力计算方法，并通过6个试验梁的剩余承载力试验进行验证。研究结果表明:在疲劳荷载作用下，组合梁的抗剪连接度逐渐降低，剩余承载力退化明显且不可忽略。该文建立的组合梁剩余承载力计算方法的计算值与试验值吻合较好，具有良好的计算精度与适用性，补充并完善了现有组合梁承载力的计算方法。     

考虑扭转效应的钢管混凝土纤维梁模型应用研究

在已有研究的基础上,采用考虑扭转效应的钢管混凝土纤维梁模型,建立了曲线组合梁桥的杆系有限元分析模型,并同时建立了“壳-实体”精细有限元模型,多尺度有限元模型和传统纤维梁模型进行对比。对不同输入方向的四条地震波作用下的有限元模型的计算结果进行了全面的对比,包括自振特性、墩顶位移、墩柱扭转角,墩柱内力等。结果表明:采用考虑扭转效应的纤维梁模型分析曲线组合梁桥在地震作用下的受力反应,能够获得较高的精度以及较快的建模速度和求解效率,可对曲线钢-混凝土组合梁桥在纵向地震作用下的扭转效应做出准确的评估。     

钢-混凝土组合梁剪力滞效应弹性解析解

基于Gjelsvik组合梁滑移模型中引入描述组合梁翼板横向非均匀分布的纵向位移翘曲函数,建立一个能够同时考虑界面滑移和翼板剪力滞双重效应的钢-混凝土组合梁模型,并推导了简支组合梁在均布荷载和悬臂梁在梁端集中荷载作用下的解析解。采用有限元方法验证了理论模型和解析解的正确性和适用性。算例分析表明,组合梁的剪滞效应和界面滑移...     

钢-混凝土双面组合作用梁基本力学性能试验研究与数值模拟

为了研究钢-混凝土双面组合作用梁基本力学性能,设计了2个两跨连续组合梁试件,对其进行静力加载试验,并与有限元模拟结果进行对比。研究结果表明:双面组合作用梁下部混凝土板可分担钢梁压力,其组合作用有利于钢梁下翼缘的稳定性,但对于腹板的稳定性不起作用。组合梁在按照完全抗剪连接进行设计时,可不考虑界面滑移的影响;与普通组合作用梁相比,双面组合作用梁抗弯刚度更大,其负弯矩区长度可延长约28.3%。相同荷载作用下,双面组合作用梁负弯矩值较低,可延缓上部混凝土板的开裂,有效控制混凝土板裂缝宽度和裂缝区范围。下部混凝土板长度按照完全抗剪连接设计的最小长度取值即可,不必过长。ABAQUS有限元模型分析结果与试验结果吻合良好,可较好地模拟组合梁受力性能。提高双面组合作用连续梁下部混凝土板的强度,可有效提高组合梁的承载力和刚度,受力更合理。     

外包GFRP板钢筋混凝土梁的抗剪性能研究

该文提出了一种新型的GFRP-钢筋混凝土高耐久性梁,即普通钢筋混凝土梁外包GFRP 板,其中的GFRP板既为防腐保护,又可兼作模板和受力筋。通过对外包GFRP 板钢筋混凝土梁及其普通钢筋混凝土对比梁进行加载试验,研究其受力特点和破坏模式。试验结果表明:和普通钢筋混凝土梁相比,外包GFRP 板钢筋混凝土梁的抗剪承载力有较大幅度提高。对外包GFRP 板钢筋混凝土试验梁的抗剪承载力进行了分析,计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

Flexural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams retrofitted with hybrid fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) under sustaining loads

This paper reports experimental studies of reinforced concrete (RC) beams retrofitted with new hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) system consisting carbon FRP (CFRP) and glass FRP (GFRP). The objective of this study is to examine effect of hybrid FRPs on structural behavior of retrofitted RC beams and to investigate if different sequences of CFRP and GFRP sheets of the hybrid FRPs have influences on improvement of strengthening RC beams. Toward that goal, 14 RC beams are fabricated and retrofitted with hybrid FRPs having different combinations of CFRP and GFRP sheets. The beams are loaded with different magnitudes prior to retrofitting in order to investigate the effect of initial loading on the flexural behavior of the retrofitted beam. The main test variables are sequences of attaching hybrid FRP layers and magnitudes of preloads. Under loaded condition, beams are retrofitted with two or three layers of hybrid FRPs, then the load increases until the beams reach failure. Test results conclude that strengthening effects of hybrid FRPs on ductility and stiffness of RC beams depend on orders of FRP layers.     

Structural behaviour of RC beams with external flexural and flexural–shear strengthening by FRP sheets

This paper presents experimental research on reinforced concrete (RC) beams with external flexural and flexural–shear strengthening by fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets consisting of carbon FRP (CFRP) and glass FRP (GFRP). The work carried out has examined both the flexural and flexural–shear strengthening capacities of retrofitted RC beams and has indicated how different strengthening arrangements of CFRP and GFRP sheets affect behaviour of the RC beams strengthened. Research output shows that the flexural–shear strengthening arrangement is much more effective than the flexural one in enhancing the stiffness, the ultimate strength and hardening behaviour of the RC beam. In addition theoretical calculations are developed to estimate the bending and shear capacities of the beams tested, which are compared with the corresponding experimental results.     

Experimental investigations and verification of debonding strain of RHSC continuous beams strengthened in flexure with externally bonded FRPs

Although many in-situ RC beams are of continuous constructions, there has been very little research on the behavior of such beams with external reinforcement. This article presents an experimental program conducted to study the flexural behavior and redistribution of moment of reinforced high strength concrete (RHSC) continuous beams strengthened with carbon and glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP and GFRP) sheets. The program consists of six RHSC continuous (two-span) beams with overall dimensions equal to 250 × 150 × 6000 mm. One beam was not strengthened and was tested as a control beam. Five beams were strengthened with CFRP and GFRP in flexure along their sagging and hogging regions. The main parameters including type of FRP (GFRP or CFRP), the different ratios of CFRP sheet and effectiveness of end anchorage. The test results showed that the use of GFRP sheet in strengthening of continuous beam reduced loss in ductility and moment redistribution but it did not significantly increase the ultimate strength of them. The use of end anchorage in strengthened continuous beams increased the ultimate strength and moment redistribution. The moment enhancement ratio of the strengthened continuous beams was significantly higher than the ultimate load enhancement ratio in the same beam. Also existing international codes and model such as ACI, fib, JSCE, Teng and Toutanji for prediction of IC debonding strain or stress of strengthened continuous beams are verified. Verifications were carried out based on the test results in this research and the published literature on RC continuous beams strengthened with FRP.     

Experimental and analytical investigation of reinforced high strength concrete continuous beams strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer

Carbon and glass fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP and GFRP) are two materials suitable for strengthening the reinforced concrete (RC) beams. Although many in situ RC beams are of continuous constructions, there has been very limited research on the behavior of such beams with externally applied FRP laminate. In addition, most design guidelines were developed for simply supported beams with external FRP laminates. This paper presents an experimental program conducted to study the flexural behavior and redistribution in moment of reinforced high strength concrete (RHSC) continuous beams strengthened with CFRP and GFRP sheets. Test results showed that with increasing the number of CFRP sheet layers, the ultimate strength increases, while the ductility, moment redistribution, and ultimate strain of CFRP sheet decrease. Also, by using the GFRP sheet in strengthening the continuous beam reduced loss in ductility and moment redistribution but it did not significantly increase ultimate strength of beam. The moment enhancement ratio of the strengthened continuous beams was significantly higher than the ultimate load enhancement ratio in the same beam. An analytical model for moment–curvature and load capacity are developed and used for the tested continuous beams in current and other similar studies. The stress–strain curves of concrete, steel and FRP were considered as integrity model. Stress–strain model of concrete is extended from Oztekin et al.’s model by modifying the ultimate strain. Also, new parameters of equivalent stress block are obtained for flexural calculation of RHSC beams. Good agreement between experiment and prediction values is achieved.     

Rehabilitation of Composite Steel Bridges Using GFRP Plates

The current study is a part of an extensive research program conducted to assess the use of Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) sheets in enhancing the flexural capacity of steel beams. The properties of a heavy-duty adhesive system that can be used to bond GFRP sheets to the flanges of steel beams were experimentally determined in a previous study. The excellent performance of a W-shaped steel beam strengthened using GFRP sheets has encouraged the authors to assess the applicability of this technique to composite steel bridges.The dimensions and cross section properties of a real composite steel plate girder bridge are considered in a case study analysis. A detailed nonlinear numerical model is developed for the bridge before and after attaching GFRP sheets to the bottom flange of its steel girders. Nonlinear moving load analyses are first conducted to determine the critical truck locations that will lead to maximum GFRP axial stresses, and maximum adhesive shear and peel stresses. Using these configurations, nonlinear analyses are then conducted to assess the increase in the bridge capacity that can be achieved by bonding 38 mm GFRP sheet to the bottom flange of its steel girders.     

粘贴片材加固混凝土梁的粘结剪应力分析

在受拉区表面粘贴加强片是加固混凝土梁的一种有效方法。本文在弹性理论的基础上,推导了受任意线性分布荷载作用下的混凝土梁采用粘贴加强片加固时,加强片端部粘结剪应力和最大粘结剪应力的计算公式。本文方法和有限元方法基本吻合。结果表明,最大锚固剪应力不但和粘胶层厚度、弹性模量有关,还和加强片厚度、弹性模量及长度有关。采用本文方法可以对加强片端部最大锚固剪应力进行验算,防止混凝土梁出现局部受拉破坏。本文研究结果将为进一步完善我国有关规范提供重要的参考资料。     

Thermal-stress analysis of RC beams reinforced with GFRP bars

This paper aims to develop a 3D nonlinear finite element (FE) model that is capable of accurately predicting the performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams reinforced with internal Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars when exposed to fire loading. The developed FE model is based on tested experimental data collected from the open literature. The model accounts for the variation in the thermal and mechanical constituent materials with temperature associated with the RC beam. To study the heat transfer mechanism and mechanical behavior of the RC beam, transient thermal-stress finite element analysis is performed using the ANSYS. It was shown that the FE predicted temperature and mid-span deflection results are in a good agreement with that of the measured experimental data. The validated FE model is used to conduct a parametric study to investigate the effect of the different parameters on the flexural performance of the reinforced beam specimens. The parametric study consisted of varying the concrete cover thickness as well as exposing the FE model to different fire curves. It is concluded that successful FE modeling of this structure would provide an economical and alternative solution to expensive and time consuming experimental testing. Other observations and recommendations are also discussed.     

Interfacial shear stress concentration in FRP-strengthened beams

This paper reports the results of an experimental programme designed to study the interfacial shear stress concentration at the plate curtailment of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened in flexure with externally bonded carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP). Specifically, the study looks at the relationship between the CFRP plate thickness and the interfacial shear stress concentration at the plate curtailment, the failure modes of the CFRP-strengthened beams as well as the efficiency of the CFRP external reinforcing system. Comparing the experimental results with existing models' predictions is another objective of this study. The experimental programme included five RC beams 115 mm×150 mm in cross-section and 1500 mm in length. Four of the RC beams were reinforced externally with CFRP plates of different thicknesses. Tests in this study showed that the thickness of CFRP plate affects not only the load-carrying and deflection capacities of the strengthened beam, but also the shear stress concentration at the CFRP/concrete interface and the beam failure mode.     

Experimental study and code predictions of fibre reinforced polymer reinforced concrete (FRP RC) tensile members

Due to their different mechanical properties, cracking and deformability behaviour of FRP reinforced concrete (FRP RC) members is quite different from traditional steel reinforced concrete (SRC) having great incidence on their serviceability design. This paper presents and discusses the results of an experimental programme concerning concrete tension members reinforced with glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars. The main aim of the study is to evaluate the response of GFRP reinforced concrete (GFRP RC) tension members in terms of cracking and deformations. The results show the dependence of load-deformation response and crack spacing on the reinforcement ratio. The experimental results are compared to prediction models from codes and guidelines (ACI and Eurocode 2) and the suitability of the different approaches for predicting the behaviour of tensile members is analysed and discussed.