基于阻塞风险的需求侧购电策略

输电网的资源有限性使得电力市场环境中的各交易方都面临输电阻塞的风险。从需求侧用户的角度分析阻塞风险,提出不仅发电公司要有计及阻塞风险的策略性报价．用户也应当考虑阻塞给自己带来的风险,策略性地决定购电方案。针对阻塞给用户带来的风险．构造了需求侧的购电策略模型,用户可根据各种购电方案下的收益期望值和收益标准差决定购电量．并进行了实例分析。用户主动调节负荷,有利于实质上缓解输电网的阻塞问题。     

Demand-side management opportunities through the use ofenergy-efficient motor systems

The key issues related to efficient motor systems operation are presented, with a particular emphasis on electronic adjustable speed drives (ASD), due to their comparatively larger potential for savings. The potential for savings associated with the use of ASD in the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors are presented. With ASD it is estimated that one-fifth of the drive power consumption can be saved, that, is over 250 TWh/yr. The combined use of ASD with other efficient motor technologies can increase the savings to 30%. Research, development, demonstration, and training options are proposed which can significantly expand the cost effectiveness, performance, and scope of efficient motor systems applications     

Demand-side management: Research opportunities for electric utilities

Because of dramatic changes in electricity costs, prices, and consumption during the past decade, electric utilities are faced with many new opportunities on the customer side of the meter. Design, analysis, and implementation of successful conservation and load management programs, however, require additional research. This paper discusses several important research topics related to assessment of electricity-conserving technologies, impacts of utility conservation and load management programs, and the electric utility planning process.     

Lightning arrester failure and ferroresonance on a distributionsystem

Since 1987 the Upper Peninsula Power Company (UPPCO) has been experiencing a large number of lightning arrester failures on a portion of their distribution system in southern Marquette County, Michigan, USA. It was in the area of the US Navy's extremely low frequency (ELF) antenna, where the distribution system had been reconfigured so that the transformers were connected line-to-line in order to eliminate interference from the antenna. A study determined that the system was susceptible to ferroresonance during single line faults under lightly loaded conditions and that the overvoltages experienced could be causing the lightning arrester failures. This conclusion was further strengthened by a statistical study which compared the actual number of failures to an expected number of failures, given the systems loading condition and fault rate     

Demand-side management in smart grid operation considering electric vehicles load shifting and vehicle-to-grid support

Demand fluctuation in electric power systems is undesirable from many points of view; this has sparked an interest in demand-side strategies that try to establish mechanisms that allow for a flatter demand curve. Particularly interesting is load shifting, a strategy that considers the shifting of certain amounts of energy demand from some time periods to other time periods with lower expected demand, typically in response to price signals.In this paper, an optimization-based model is proposed to perform load shifting in the context of smart grids. In our model, we define agents that are responsible for load, generation and storage management; in particular, some of them are electric vehicle aggregators. An important feature of the proposed approach is the inclusion of electric vehicles with vehicle-to-grid capabilities; with this possibility, electric vehicles can provide certain services to the power grid, including load shifting and congestion management. Results are reported for a test system based on the IEEE 37-bus distribution grid; the effectiveness of the approach and the effect of the hourly energy prices on flattening the load curve are shown.     

电价与电力需求侧管理

建立合理电价体制是使电价反映成本。分时电价是为了更好的反映成本,并提供一种鼓励移峰填谷的手段,同时在峰荷时段还可节约电能。     

Short circuit currents of the SEPTA traction power distributionsystem

The Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA), USA, is undertaking a multi-phase modernization program of various electrical and infrastructure facilities. In this effort, a considerable amount of the facilities will be upgraded or replaced. The electrical power supply system is planned to be upgraded with modern state-of-the-art equipment. The overall aim of this effort is to increase the system performance and reliability while maintaining passenger and operator safety. In order to further the implementation of the ongoing modernization program, SEPTA authorized a preliminary engineering study of its electrical system. This effort included a comprehensive set of traction power system load flow studies, voltage drop analyses, short circuit studies, grounding grid analyses for the new substations and protective relay coordination studies. This article discusses the method developed to perform the short-circuit studies. The method is readily adaptable to many different feeder, trolley and track configurations     

A systematic approach to the replacement of an aging distributionsystem

Cass County Electric Cooperative (CCEC) provides electric service to all or parts of eight counties in southeast North Dakota. CCEC's rural area customer base has caused some concern in the past, because the number of agricultural-based customers has continued to decline, while the size of those remaining has continued to increase. To compound this situation, these rural area customers are being served by an aging overhead and a prematurely failing underground primary distribution system. Therefore, CCEC will begin systematically replacing its overhead and underground distribution systems to provide customers with safe, reliable, and economical electric energy. The author discusses the planning process, overhead and underground replacement processes, and vacant account analysis     

Utilization of the sensor relationships in space power distributionsystem operations

A couple of features that are rather unique in space power system operational environments in comparison with their terrestrial counterparts make automated operations of the space power distribution systems particularly essential. A technique that can facilitate the automated operations of space power distribution systems is presented in this paper. The proposed technique utilizes the logical sensor relationships existing among the sensor values and a graph formulated from them, called the causal relations and the sensor redundancy graph respectively. The graph formulation enables one to systematically explore the embedded sensor redundancies in space power distribution systems and to maximize their utilizations in validating sensor values and fault diagnosis. Furthermore, fault locations can be identified with the physical ranges associated with the causal relations called the causal ranges. The robustness or the capability of a given sensor installation configuration whether it can still provide sufficient data under various sensor failure and system fault contingencies can also be checked. The effect of an addition or a deletion of a sensor on the overall sensor failure and fault detection capability can also be assessed, which can be helpful even from the space power system design stages. The proposed technique is currently being applied to the space power system test facilities installed at NASA     

基于成本的电力供应商报价策略研究

供给侧和需求侧都引入竞争,是电力市场化改革的必然趋势。对于电力供应商来说,最重要的就是如何优化报价策略,降低购电成本,获得更大的市场竞争力以及购售电效益。提出了基于成本分析的电力供应商报价策略,并以电力供应商购售电交易的成本分析为基础,同时,考虑对竞争对手的报价行为的预估,以及其它市场环境因素,以电力供应商购售电交易的收益最大化为优化目标,构造了电力供应商购电报价决策的数学模型。     

基于异常溯因推理的需求侧协同调度优化研究

源网荷储的多样性特征导致当前电网异常的原因越来越复杂,为了充分利用需求侧宝贵的柔性资源,提出了一种基于异常溯因推理的需求侧协同调度优化方法。首先,提出了一种基于贝叶斯网络对异常指标进行溯因推理的方法。其次,基于极限场景法处理风力发电、负荷波动,构建考虑柔性负荷的电网日前分布式调度模型。最后,设置4种情景进行对比分析。算例结果表明,所提方法能够有效缓解区域潮流指标的异常趋势。     

我国构建DSM保障体系的对策研究

分析了需求侧管理(Demand Side Management,DSM)保障体系的主要内涵,研究了国外典型国家在DSM保障体系方面的先进经验,并结合我国DSM实施过程中存在的具体问题,探讨了我国构建完善的需求侧管理保障体系的对策,对我国DSM长效机制的建立具有非常重要的现实意义。     

用电管理信息系统的开发和应用

介绍了用电管理信息实现计算机处理的必要性，叙述了用电管理信息系统的特殊性以及开发用电管理信息系统的设计、内容和方案。     

Studies on the active SISFCL and its impact on the distance protection of the EHV transmission line

The active saturated iron-core superconductive fault current limiter (SISFCL) is a good choice to decrease fault current. This paper introduced the principles and impedance characteristic of the active SISFCL. Then, it shows the current-limiting effects of the SISFCL. Besides, the impact of the active SISFCL on the distance protection of the EHV transmission line is evaluated. Based on that, the coordination scheme of the distance protections is proposed. A 500 kV double-circuit transmission system with SISFCLs is simulated by Electro-Magnetic Transients Program including DC (EMTDC). Simulation tests demonstrate the correctness and validity of theoretical analyses.     

STATCOM/SVC impact on the performance of transmission line distance protection

The impact of 48‐pulse STATCOM/SVC on the apparent impedance seen by the transmission line distance relay is investigated in this paper. Analytical results are presented and verified by detailed simulations. The STATCOM/SVC control systems are modeled in full details and practical constraints are applied. It is shown that the presence of a current limiter in the control system of STATCOM could significantly mitigate the impact of STATCOM on the relay's calculated apparent impedance. Six different phase‐to‐phase and phase‐to‐ground measuring units of the distance relay are simulated to resemble the behavior of the relay. It is shown that the impact of SVC on the apparent impedance seen by the phase‐to‐ground fault measuring units is more pronounced. Different power system operating conditions, STATCOM/SVC control system settings and fault scenarios are considered in the simulations. The STATCOM/SVC effects on the distance relay tripping characteristics are also analyzed. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

基于智能电网需求侧管理的多零售商实时定价策略

智能电网中需求侧管理(demand-side management,DSM)是一种改变和促进电力消费,提高电网可靠性的重要机制。实时定价是最重要的DSM策略之一。在电力市场中,电力零售商从电力供应商处采购电力然后将其出售给用户,因此对零售商来说进行有效的电力采购和价格决策至关重要。文中针对服务不同类型用户且共存于多个地区的不同电力零售商使用实时定价需求侧管理方案提出一种动态博弈决策机制,建立Stackelberg动态博弈模型分析不同电力零售商之间实时定价策略互动并得到均衡解。仿真模拟结果验证了所提出模型的有效性以及相关参数对电力采购及价格决策的影响,更好地诠释了智能电网中实时定价的动态过程。     

利用仿真技术研究色散对光纤通信的影响

本文主要研究光纤色散对高速光纤传输系统造成的影响.首先对光纤传输系统中各部件尤其是光纤的色散进行了仿真建模分析,在此基础上,提出了一种针对色散研究的高速光纤传输系统仿真模型,利用该模型详细研究讨论了在多种情况下色散对高速光纤通信的影响.仿真结果与理论分析的一致性证明,该仿真模型是有效的.     

两型三新线路工程建设管理探索

随着国家节能减排产业政策的推行,在电力基本建设过程中采用新技术、新材料、新工艺建设资源节约型、环境友好型的输电线路日益受到重视.阐述结合工程的管理及应用实际,对适合华东电网公司的两型三新输电线路建设进行了总结,为全面推广应用提供了参考.     

厂网分开后加强电网调度管理的思考

结合青岛电网的实际情况 ,借鉴英国国家电网公司先进的管理模式 ,提出了精细化管理、经济调度、平衡服务、堵塞管理等管理理念 ,为青岛电网调度管理能更好的适应新形势指明了方向