考虑库区吊机能力的板坯倒垛问题的建模与优化方法研究

研究了钢铁企业板坯库的板坯倒垛(Slab stack shuffling, SSS)问题. 与以往研究倒垛问题不同, 考虑了板坯存储各库区吊机能力的实际限制. 对该问题通过考虑实际约束, 以总倒垛次数最小为目标函数建立了非线性整数规划模型. 基于对问题特征的分析, 分别针对轧制项目间是否存在共同可选板坯的两种情况, 将模型变换为线性整数规划模型. 另外, 利用提出的问题性质, 降低了模型的求解复杂性. 实验结果表明, 对于实际的问题规模, 基于该线性整数规划模型的优化方法能有效地求得问题的最优解.     

精英改进粒子群算法在入库堆垛问题中的应用

针对钢铁企业生产与物流一体化协同管理中入库堆垛问题,基于出库次序A型约束、垛位选择分散性约束等,建立了以均衡库存垛位负载和最大化板坯综合匹配度为目标的联合优化模型。结合问题的特点,基于PSO算法,利用收敛指数判断种群进化状态,并对处于"收敛"状态的种群执行精英学习策略,提高粒子的活性,帮助种群跃出局部最优。最后通过实例仿真说明了模型与算法的有效性和可行性。     

钢坯入库堆垛问题模型及其动态求解算法

通过对钢坯入库堆垛问题进行深入研究,建立了以最小化钢坯出库倒垛数为目标的数学模型,并设计了一种可以动态调整垛位顶层钢坯的堆放位置的DIBF(Dynamic and Improved Best Fit)算法。算法主要分为2个阶段,首先通过聚类算法将辊道上暂存钢坯形成入库批次;然后对入库批次通过DIBF算法进行批次指派垛位。通过钢厂实际生产数据对DIBF算法、IBF(Improved Best Fit)算法和传统手工计算方法进行验证。结果表明,相对于IBF算法和传统手工计算方式,DIBF算法不仅能够在限制可用垛位数的前提下减少倒垛次数,而且也能提高垛位的空间利用率,模型及算法可行、有效。     

热约束的BBL布局算法研究

在集成电路芯片的现有精确热模型的基础上,提出一种简化的近似模型,与原模型相比,该近似模型的计算复杂度大大降低,提出了基于该模型的集成电路芯片热分布约束布局优化算法,用该近似模型来计算各热源的温度值和对其他热源的温度贡献值,然后用叠加原理计算出VLS1芯片上各点的温度值,热分布优化算法以芯片的平均温度和芯片面积作为优化目标,用模拟退火方法求解,实验结果表明,在考虑热约束的布局结果中,芯片上各点的温度分布均匀,最热点的温度显著降低,而芯片面积的增加却很少。     

用混合遗传算法求解虚拟企业生产计划

针对虚拟企业生产计划的特点,以各成员企业承担的生产任务为对象,以快速响应市场为目标,建立了生产任务计划的数学模型,并基于该模型,提出一种基于遗传算法与模拟退火算法混合的求解算法,充分发挥了遗传算法良好的全局搜索能力和模拟退火算法有效避免陷入局部极小的优点．从而提高了算法的全局寻优能力．数值仿真计算表明了该算法的良好收敛性和有效性．     

公共自行车交通系统调度算法

针对公共自行车交通系统的静态车辆调度问题,以运输成本最少为目标建立公共自行车交通系统调度模型,提出了一种将模拟退火算法融合到遗传算法中的混合启发式算法来求解该模型,增强算法的全局搜索能力和效率.通过实例结果表明,优化后运输车辆行驶路程比优化前减少了50％,说明遗传模拟退火算法具有良好的鲁棒性和收敛性,适合解决车辆的优化...     

考虑倒垛因素的轧制计划编制方法

在给定粗轧制计划的基础上考虑钢坯库倒垛优化, 编制详细的轧制计划; 建立以最小化轧制计划内钢坯出 库总倒垛次数与轧制单元之间切换机架次数为目标的多目标整数规划模型; 针对模型特征, 设计一种基于钢坯匹配的单亲遗传算法. 通过基于实际生产数据的实验验证, 相对于传统的手工计算方法, 所提出的算法在优化倒垛次数和切换机架次数上平均提升20 %, 算法和模型是可行且有效的.     

基于改进遗传算法的板坯温度计算

板坯温度跟踪模型的计算温度是加热炉调控炉温的重要依据,精确的板坯计算温度是加热炉燃烧控制模型良好工作的前提。针对现场板坯温度跟踪模型的计算温度与实际温度误差较大的问题,从模型入手,以埋偶实验测得的实际值为依据,对板坯温度跟踪模型的关键参数总括热吸收率进行优化,从而提高模型的计算精度。由于遗传算法在全局优化方面具有较大的优势,因此针对总括热吸收率的特点对遗传算法进行改进,通过全局搜索得到总括热吸收率的最优设定。通过离线模型验证,该方法明显提高了模型的计算精度。     

混沌扰动模拟退火蚁群算法低碳物流路径优化

低碳物流是目前物流配送领域的热点研究课题,也是群体智能优化算法的重要应用方向。针对物流配送中碳排放的度量方法,以VRP问题为基本模型,以碳排放成本为目标函数,建立了低碳物流配送路径优化模型。为了避免基本蚁群算法出现停滞及早熟现象,提出了带混沌扰动的模拟退火蚁群算法来求解低碳物流配送路径优化模型。该算法将混沌系统及模拟退火机制引入基本蚁群算法,避免了算法陷入局部最优,增强了全局搜索能力,提高了求解效率。通过实验仿真及对比分析可知,带混沌扰动的模拟退火蚁群算法的求解结果明显优于基本蚁群算法,表明了该算法的有效性和合理性。     

半在线入库堆垛问题的动态求解算法

堆场垛位优化问题一直是仓储管理的难点和焦点之一,垛位优化可以保证物料装卸和出入库的高效率,同时对保证合同交货期也起着至关重要的作用。针对仓储和生产一体化下的入库堆垛问题,本文通过分析将其归结为一类半在线的A型装箱问题,并依据问题的特点,建立了最小化总倒垛次数的优化模型。根据货场天车在相邻入库过程中存在空闲作业量的特点,设计了一种前序货物允许移动的动态堆垛策略,结合堆垛约束后嵌入到经典装箱启发式算法中,最后通过仿真算例验证了该策略的有效性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。