水电站群装机容量优化选择模型及其应用

本文从电力系统和水电站群的角度出发，考虑电站的必然联系和水电群的整体运行，建立了规划水电站装机容量优化选择数学模型。该模型由水电群优化补偿调节计算子模型，水电群总工作容量优选子模型和规划水电站工作容量优化分配子模型三个子模型构成，通过三个子模型的逐步求解和多轮迭代，最后即可得到收敛的优化装机解。本文针对规划水电站工作容量优化分配子模型给出了增量判别求解方法。最后是将本模型方法应用于云南大朝山水电站     

白水江流域水电工程探索新的建设模式

四川省九寨沟县境内的白水江流域(大录～青龙桥段)共规划了7个梯级水电站,分别为多诺水电站(龙头水库,装机10万kW)、黑河水电站(装机5.0万kW)、陵江水电站(装机2.8万kW)、黑河塘水电站(装机8.6万kW)、永乐水电站(装机10万kW)、双河水电站(装机8.1万kW)、青龙水电站(装机10.2万k     

水库调蓄电能是水电规划中一项重要指标

本文提出在水电规划中应以水库调蓄电能来衡量其调节能力,经计算国内外较大水库的调蓄电能,得出龙羊峡水库调蓄电能居我国和世界前列。利用龙羊峡水库调蓄电能对黄河梯级和跨流域水电站群进行补偿调节,可获得巨大的动能经济效益。最后提出了进一步发挥龙羊峡水库巨大调蓄电能优势,加快开发其它河流调蓄电能较大的水电站及开展有关水库调蓄电能科研工作的三点建议。     

含控制性水库水电站在电力系统中的综合价值研究

含大型控制性水库的流域龙头水电站具备大范围的枯汛期电量调节能力,在促进区域节能减排,优化地区能源结构,促进可再生能源消纳等方面具有重要作用。以某流域的X、Y两座大型控制性水电站为例,建立含大型控制性水电站的电力系统运行模型,对该区域电网电源规划方案进行运行模拟,通过等容量替代对比,量化分析了X、Y电站所产生的节能减排效益和清洁能源消纳效益。结果表明,含控制性水库水电站在保证其发电机组容量效益的同时,能够充分发挥其库容调节能力,降低系统能耗和污染物排放,减少风光等新能源弃电。     

尤溪梯级整体开发财务评价初探

尤溪为福建闽江右岸支流，规划为五级开发，街面水电站装机３０万ｋＷ为龙头水库电站，建成后对梯级（含水口水电站）和电网具有流量和电力双重补偿作用，为促进龙头水库早日开发，提出了尤溪流域采用整体开发设想和研究，本文对多个项目一起开发财务评价作了探讨。     

陆浑水库水电站装机容量复核研究

针对陆浑水库水电站装机容量确定的问题,充分考虑水库用水需求及电站的运行规则建立了陆浑水库水电站的调节计算模型,采用动态规划算法,对陆浑水库进行长系列的仿真调节计算,通过对不同方案进行对比分析,从而得出最优的装机方案。该模型与计算方法也可为类似水电站装机确定提供一定的参考。     

应用随机动态规划进行水电站水库的最优调度

本文应用动态规划与马尔可夫决策过程理论,研究了一个具有长期调节水库的水电站和若干个径流式水电站在电力系统中联合运行的最优调度图,以及各种运行特性的计算问题.在计算实例中,根据实测流量记录检验,这种调度图与用常规方法绘制的调度图相比,既可提高水电站群的保证出力,又可平均每年增加电量1—2％.     

水库电站与径流电站联合运用方式和效益

电力系统中水电站联合调度，可以增加水电站群的电力效益。目前，国内电力系统中水库电站对径流电站补偿调节研究较少，本文目的是对这２种电站联合运用方式和补偿调节计算方法进行探讨。     

水电站群参数优选规划模型及其应用

本文在水电站群开发次序已定的情况下,采用多层次非线性规划模型,优选某江中游河段待建水电站的装机容量等参数.整个模型系由径流调节、电力电量平衡、经济计算及参数优选等四个子模型组成,用逐次渐近优化方法在各个子模型之间反复迭代,直至整体模型获得最优解为止。     

多目标模糊模型优选水电站装机容量

本文提出综合考虑经济、社会及环境效益等多种目标优选水电站装机容量。应用模糊数学原理，建立优选水电站装机容量的多目标模糊模型。通过某电力系统增容，同时考虑水、火电站装机优化选择的实例，说明多目标模糊模型的有效性。     

蚁群算法求解梯级水电厂日竞价优化调度问题

应用蚁群算法(Ant Colony algorithm,ACA)，即利用蚂蚁群体相互协作和邻域搜索寻找功能，求解梯级水电站日竞价优化调度问题。计算中定义水库调度线为蚂蚁路径，利用状态转移、信息素更新和邻域搜索，不断调整路径逐步向最优值逼近。计算结果表明，梯级电站电量时空分配合理，并且满足约束条件，该算法可以求解具有复杂约束条件的非线性梯级优化调度问题。     

基于全微分法的多主体梯级水电站群联合调度增益归因及分配

公平、高效、合理的增益分配是开展多主体水库群联合优化调度的机制保障。以往基于水库库容、装机容量、发电量等单一指标或综合指标构建的按比例分摊方法,未能反映联合增益形成机制和径流变化对增益结果的影响。针对上述不足,本文将联合调度增益依照独立调度和联合调度情景下的效益差异进行逐项定量分解,提出基于全微分法的增益归因-分配模型:建立联合调度增益与时段弃水量、时段蓄量差、累积蓄量差的关系,采用全微分公式定量分解各水库增益贡献。实例结果表明:(1)全微分法可定量解构各水库各时段增益贡献及其物理成因机制,可得到满足增益分配基本原则的分配结果。(2)该方法综合考虑来水条件、水库参数、库群拓扑结构等因素对联合增益的综合影响,弥补了单一指标评价片面性的缺陷,避免了综合指标法中权重系数的确定问题及难以反映增益形成机理的问题。研究为多利益主体梯级水电站群增量效益分配问题提供了一种新的解决途径。     

基于正交试验法的梯级水库连溃分析模型参数敏感性分析

建设梯级水库是目前江河水电开发的主要方式,连溃分析模型参数的合理选择,对保障梯级水电工程的安全运行具有重要的意义。基于正交试验法,以我国西南某流域上虚拟的"下庄(1)—达里—双屯子"三级梯级水库系统为例,进行梯级水库连溃分析模型参数对下庄(1)水库溃决流量Q、达里水库最高水位H1和双屯子水库最高水位H2三个试验指标的敏感性分析。研究结果表明:梯级水库连溃分析模型中参数侵蚀率b、双屯子水库起调水位H*对各指标计算结果影响显著,参数敏感性高;而洪水频率P对各指标计算结果影响较小,参数敏感性较低。因此,在梯级水库溃坝参数反演分析实际工程中,应该将b和H*作为参数反演分析选取的重点。本文的研究方法及成果可以为梯级水库连溃分析模型参数反演分析时合理选择模型参数提供参考。     

梯级水库的参数辨识型优化调度方法(Ⅱ)——最优调度函数的确定

本文综合若干合理的水库调度原则，建立了梯级水库的非线性实时调度函数。其参数具有直观性。然后对最优参数进行辨识，从而优选出最优调度规则。由于改进了调度模型的结构，减少了维数灾效应，所以模拟计算取得了好的效果。     

A Multi-Objective Optimization Model for Coordinated Regulation of Flow and Sediment in Cascade Reservoirs

This paper presents a multi-objective optimization model for the coordinated regulation of flow and sediment in cascade reservoirs. The model was developed to address two contradicting issues: sediment trapping and flow regulation. The benefits of flood control, hydropower generation and navigation, and sedimentation in cascade reservoirs were considered as the target functions; then the corresponding submodels for reservoir operation and sediment computation were established. The model was implemented by reducing it to a single objective nonlinear model using the constraint method. Non-inferior solutions were obtained by solving the model with catfish effect particle swarm optimization algorithm. The model was applied to the cascade system of Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba reservoirs in the lower Jinsha River in the flood recession period. Under the safety of flood control and navigation, a non-inferior set for impounding time, power generation, and siltation-loss rate of capacity was obtained and optimal solutions with different weights were derived. The results demonstrate that the model is a useful tool in coordinated operations of cascade reservoirs.     

基于改进萤火虫算法的梯级水库优化调度研究

梯级水电站水库群联合调度问题具有复杂的约束条件,受到发电、供水、防洪等目标的制约。作为多目标非线性优化调度问题,为了解决传统算法中存在结果受初值参数影响较大、容易陷入局部最优解、收敛速度不理想等问题,首次尝试将萤火虫算法引入梯级水库优化调度研究中。在传统萤火虫算法模仿自然界萤火虫捕食求偶行为的基础上,对其进行优化与改进,引入目标空间中解的Pareto支配关系比较萤火虫荧光亮度,比较其优化解,采用轮盘赌法确定萤火虫每次更新过程中的移动路径,利用精英保留策略建立多目标萤火虫模型。通过典型的梯级水电站进行仿真计算,研究结果表明,改进的多目标萤火虫算法在优化过程中具有较强的寻优能力,能更好地进行全局搜索和局部搜索,计算过程中具有良好的稳定性,并且计算效率较高,优于遗传算法(GA)、粒子群算法(PSO)和蚁群算法(ACO),为多阶段、多约束的梯级水电站水库群中长期优化调度问题提供了新的途径和新方法。     

Flood Control Operation of Reservoir Group Using Yin-Yang Firefly Algorithm

Flood control operation (FCO) of a reservoir is a complex optimization problem with a large number of constraints. With the rapid development of optimization techniques in recent years, more and more research efforts have been devoted to optimizing FCO problems. However, for solving large-scale reservoir group optimization problem, this is still a challenging task. In this work, a reservoir group FCO model is established with minimum flood volume stored in each reservoir and minimum peak flow of downstream control point during the dispatch process. At the same time, a flood forecast model for FCO of a reservoir group is developed by coupling Yin-Yang firefly algorithm (YYFA) with ε constrained method. As a case study, the proposed model is applied to a three-reservoir flood control system in Luanhe River Basin consisting of reservoirs, river channels, and downstream control points. Results show that optimal operation of three reservoirs systems can efficiently reduce the occupied storage capacity for flood control and flood peaks at downstream control point of the basin. The proposed method can be extended to FCO of other reservoir groups with similar conditions.

     

三峡梯级水调自动化系统关键数据处理及库表设计

讨论了三峡梯级水调自动化系统在关键数据处理与库表设计中遇到的一些主要问题：实时数据的存储、数据采集的冗余、整编数据的生成和处理、自动遥测水情数据与水文报汛数据的共用和转换、对水文应用的适应等，并结合工程实践经验阐明了三峡梯级水调自动化系统的解决方案。     

Generation of Runoff Components from Exponential Expressions of Serial Reservoirs

Taiwan frequently experiences heavy rainfall events during the summer. The rainfall–runoff regeneration is an important job in specific areas where excessive rainfall causes serious flooding. The primary goal of this study is to generate and understand runoff components of the watershed outlet by using a conceptual model of three linear cascade reservoirs. The conceptual model is needless to determine direct runoff and excess rainfall in advance. Every linear cascade reservoir has an independent response function with an exponential expression. The outflows of the linear reservoirs represent streamflow components of a watershed outlet during rainfall–runoff processes, in which surface runoff is considered as quick runoff, whereas subsurface and groundwater runoffs are slow runoffs. In the simulation process, mean rainfall as model inputs were estimated using the block Kriging method. Available recordings of 68 rainfall–runoff events during 1966–2002 were used as the study sample. Fifty-four events were calibrated to determine the best hydrograph parameters and were used to compare simulation precision resulting from the model with those based on the Nash with NLP. The efficacy of the proposed model was verified using the remaining 14 observed rainfall–runoff data from an actual basin. The seven averaged parameters, which were applied for verification, show that the IUH shape of quick flow is more sharp-pointed with the peak shifted forward than that of slow flow. In rainfall–runoff processes, peak discharge of quick runoff is far larger than that of slow runoff, the time it takes for the peak discharge for a quick flow is earlier than that for a slow runoff, and the base time of a slow flow is longer than that of a quick flow. Furthermore, this study also found: (1) the base time of a slow runoff hydrograph is the same as that of a total runoff hydrograph; (2) the base time of a quick runoff hydrograph is contrariwise to the value of the soil antecedent moisture; (3) an amount of quick runoff is directly proportional to that of total runoff. These analytical results reveal that the model used in this study is suitable to evaluate hydrological conditions in this and other watersheds and can be further applied to watershed management in Taiwan.     

基于联系度的梯级库群系统连锁失效模型的建立与应用

目前,许多河流已进入梯级开发阶段,为了开展梯级库群的安全评价,本文在分析梯级库群系统特性的基础上,根据上下游水库之间存在的失效影响关系,建立了梯级库群系统的连锁失效概率模型。连锁失效概率模型中最重要的分析在于对联系度的定义与计算。在分析过程中,引入了集对分析理论提出的联系度思想,并将其转化为联系度距离。由于梯级库群系统中体现各水库之间联系的指标具有在某一区间内变化的特性,故引入数学中区间数的相关理论,推导了基于联系距离的区间TOPSIS计算方法,最终计算出连锁失效概率模型中的联系度。文中以"小湾–糯扎渡"四梯级库群为例,经初步分析得出,在考虑上下游失效联系的前提下,此库群系统中大朝山的失效风险较大。本文的研究思路和方法将为梯级库群系统的整体安全分析提供理论基础,为梯级库群系统优化设计提供一定的理论参考。