浮法超薄玻璃化学钢化及性能研究

本文研究高铝超薄浮法玻璃与浮法钠钙硅玻璃的化学钢化过程.用全自动化学钢化玻璃表面应力测试仪、万能试验机和数显显微维氏硬度计分别测试了样品的表面应力、应力层深度、抗折强度和显微硬度.结果表明:在一定的温度下,随着离子交换时间的增加,高铝超薄玻璃与浮法钠钙硅玻璃的表面应力、抗折强度、显微硬度均出现先增加再到减小的趋势,应力层深度则随着时间的增加而加深.在同样的离子交换制度下,高铝玻璃化学钢化后的力学性能优于钠钙硅玻璃.同时,以浮法工艺生产的玻璃锡面的表面应力小于非锡面的应力,应力层深度也相对小于非锡面的深度.     

钠钙硅玻璃摩擦磨损性能研究

利用多功能表面性能实验机考察了不同栽荷下钠钙硅玻璃与45^#钢对磨时的摩擦磨损性能，用体式显微镜和显微硬度计观察和分析磨损表面形貌，并利用双环实验测试了不同加载时间的钠钙硅玻璃残余强度，探讨了材料的磨损机理，结果表明：磨损率随着栽荷的增加出现波动，当栽荷低于10N时，摩擦系数随栽荷增加而明显增大，而当栽荷超过10N时，摩擦系数随栽荷增加而明显降低，在较低栽荷下，钠钙硅玻璃的磨损失效主要源于轻微点蚀，在较高栽荷下，其磨损失效主要源于表层塑性变形。     

硅酸盐玻璃的风化

综述影响浮法玻璃、压延玻璃、光学玻璃、晶质玻璃和器皿玻璃的耐风化性因素，风化产物的形貌和风化过程。导出了玻璃表面风化析碱量和环境条件如温度、湿度和时间的关系：玻璃样品的析碱量随风化温度、湿度和时间而增加。风化产物的形貌和成分用SEM，WDS，EPMA和XPS来检测。结果表明：钠钙硅酸盐玻璃风化表面产物主要为钠和钙的碳酸盐。如玻璃发生分相，玻璃的耐风化性不仅与玻璃成分有关，还与分相形貌有关。富硅滴状结构易风化，风化程度随富硅相液滴的数量而增加。在相同条件下，富硅相的连通结构降低玻璃的风化程度。还阐述了玻璃风化机理及如何防止风化的方法，并对改善玻璃耐风化性指出了研究方向。     

镀膜玻璃发展现状及趋势

镀膜玻璃是在玻璃表面涂敷一层或多层金属、金属氧化物或其它物质或者把金属离子迁移到玻璃的表面层中，使其改变玻璃对阳光、热能的辐射率、反射率、吸收率以及透过率等性能或赋予玻璃表面导电、自洁等特殊性能，使之成为无色或着色的一层薄膜以形成具有新功能的玻璃产品。镀膜玻璃是玻璃表面的改性     

钠钙硅浮法玻璃的配合料

本文论及生产钠钙硅玻璃所用的钠钙硅浮法玻璃的配合料。     

多功能玻璃微珠复合材料的研制及其生产工艺

本文阐述了从粉煤灰中回收多功能玻璃微珠的处理方法及其制作复合材料的生产工艺。一种采用硅醚化试剂，得到表面疏水化的玻璃微珠；另一种是采用硅烷偶联剂，改进玻璃微珠表面的化学活性，使多功能玻璃微珠复合材料，适用于有机材料的填料或增强材料，经过处理的玻璃微珠表面带有有机官能团，能与有机材料基体反应，形成有机材料及无机材料之间的中间性界面层，能有效地将有机材料基体的应力传递给增强材料上，提高复合材料的强度。因此，处理的玻璃微珠适合作有机材料的填料和增强材料，同时用此玻璃微珠可做成其它多功能复合材料。目前该玻璃微珠已作超高分子聚乙烯的改性之用，以提高其强度和耐磨性。目的是使超高分子量聚乙烯－玻璃微珠复合材料适用于矿山、电力、冶金、化工等部门颗粒物料输送管线的材料，同时还用此复合材料试制成疏水、隔热、保温、防水、防火的复合硅酸盐材料。     

化学强化玻璃的发展现状及研究展望

化学强化玻璃因其表面压应力层使玻璃的机械强度提高,被广泛用于电子产品显示屏领域。本文对钠钙玻璃、铝硅玻璃、磷铝硅玻璃、锂铝硅玻璃等的化学强化进行了综述,对进一步通过优化骨干网络结构来提高玻璃本征强度获得更高机械强度的玻璃做出了可行性探索。总结了目前化学强化玻璃面临的问题及发展方向,为相关科学研究和工业生产提供参考。     

生物活性玻璃超细粉体的硬脂酸表面修饰研究

为了扩展溶胶-凝胶生物活性玻璃在复合材料骨修复支架领域的应用,本研究使用硬脂酸对生物玻璃超细粉体进行了表面改性,并采用TG/DSC、XPS、FFIR和表面接触角测定等技术对改性前后的生物玻璃样品的结构和性能进行了一系列表征和分析.结果表明硬脂酸通过化学键形式结合在生物活性玻璃表面,修饰层质量百分数约为4.5%,修饰层厚度约为3～4nm;而且改性后的生物玻璃超细粉体疏水性显著提高,在有机溶剂及壳聚糖基相中的分散性有明显改善.     

APCVD法SiH4-NH3-CO2系统制备氧氮玻璃薄膜的研究

在６６０℃下以ＳｉＨ５４－ＮＨ３－ＣＯ２作为反应气体利用常压ＣＶＤ（ＡＰＣＶＤ）设备沉积得到了氧氮玻璃薄膜,此温度比文献物ＡＰＣＶＤ法低２００℃以上,有效地降低了沉积温度,实验发现ＮＨ３中水汽对沉积反应的显著影响,初步研究表明,运用ＡＰＣＶＤ法将这种薄膜应用于普通钙硅玻璃的表面改性,可使镀膜玻璃的表面硬度比退火玻璃提高一５０％以上。     

钙镁铝硅系浮法玻璃的渗锡与平衡厚度

以CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系玻璃为研究对象,采用N2保护气氛炉,通过石墨槽模拟浮法工艺锡槽环境,研究基础玻璃在不同温度和不同时间下的抛光过程.结果表明:钙镁铝硅玻璃在1120 ～ 1200℃温度范围内,样品最大渗锡量随温度的降低而减少,且在1 140℃之后基本保持不变.与钠钙硅浮法玻璃进行对比,结合粘度-温度曲线,确定钙镁铝硅玻璃合适的浮抛温度为1160℃.钙镁铝硅玻璃在1160℃时于锡液上停留4 min,平衡厚度达到8.25mm,且其平衡厚度大于钠钙硅玻璃的平衡厚度,钙镁铝硅玻璃最佳浮抛制度为浮抛温度1160℃,浮抛时间4 min,为钙镁铝硅系微晶玻璃的浮法生产提供理论依据.     

Effect of Iron Slag on the Corrosion Resistance of Soda Lime Silicate Glass

Soda lime silicate glasses containing different amounts of iron slag 0–30 % were prepared. The chemical durability of the prepared glasses was examined by immersion in HCl or HNO₃ solutions at room temperature. The results show that the glass durability increases with increasing the amount of slag in the glass composition to a certain amount, then followed by a decrease in the glass durability. Various mechanisms of corrosion and the role of the mobility of cations and their leaching into solution, also the effect of time of leaching are discussed. The densities of all glass compositions were measured. The quantitative analysis obtained from infrared absorption spectra in the range of (400–4000) cm^?1 in relation to the effect of corrosion on the absorption spectra has been studied in terms of structural concepts. The topography of the glass surfaces was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The concentration percentage of the ions present on the glass surface was determined by Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX).     

Dissolution Rates of Silicate Glasses in Water at pH 7

Dissolution rates of different glasses in buffered solutions of constant pH of 7 were measured by weight change, profilometry, and ion implantation with Rutherford backscattering. Rates with different techniques agreed within experimental error. Natural obsidian glass dissolved most slowly, at a rate comparable with those of quartz and crystalline aluminosilicate minerals. Commercial soda–lime glass containing alumina dissolved slowly, at about the same rate as vitreous silica; soda–lime silicate glasses both commercial and laboratory without alumina dissolved much more rapidly. Pyrex borosilicate glass dissolved at a rate intermediate between those of soda–lime silicate glasses with and without alumina; at room temperature Pyrex borosilicate glass dissolved about 100 times faster than a commercial soda–lime glass containing alumina. We suggest that surface structure is the main factor determining the relative dissolution rates of silicate glasses. Glasses with transformed surface layers caused by hydration dissolve most rapidly; phase separation and openness of the glass structure are also important factors.     

Hydronium Ions in Soda‐lime Silicate Glass Surfaces

The presence of leachable alkali ions, or their hydrated sites in the glass, is believed to be a determining factor for the interfacial water structure at the glass surface, influencing the surface properties of glass. The interfacial water structure on soda‐lime silicate glass in humid ambience at room temperature was analyzed with sum‐frequency‐generation (SFG) vibration spectroscopy, which can probe the interfacial water layer without spectral interferences from the gas phase water. The soda‐lime glass surface exposed to water vapor shows three sharp SFG peaks at 3200, 3430, and 3670 cm^?1 in SFG, which is drastically different from the SFG spectra of the water layers on the fused quartz glass surface and the liquid water/air interface. The sharp peak at 3200 cm^?1 is believed to be associated with the hydronium ions in the Na⁺‐leached silicate glass surface. The 3200 cm^?1 peak intensity varies with the relative humidity, indicating its equilibrium with the gas phase water. It is proposed that the hydronium ions in the Na⁺‐leached sites produce compressive stress in the silicate glass surface; thus the growth of hydronium ions with increasing humidity might be responsible for the increased wear resistance of soda‐lime glass surfaces in near‐saturation humidity conditions.     

Enhancement of mechanical properties and chemical durability of Soda-lime silicate glasses treated by DC gas discharges

We report for the first time a study on non-contact thermal poling of soda lime silicate glasses using DC gas discharge. In this work, the formation of a glow discharge is evidenced during the thermal poling treatment (longer than 30 minutes). The hardness and the chemical durability of glasses poled under different conditions (contact or non-contact) and atmospheres (nitrogen or air) are measured and compared to that of un-poled reference glass. The results reveal enhanced mechanical and chemical properties for samples poled under nitrogen as compare to air poled or soda lime silicate glass samples. A structural and chemical analysis of surface of the glass using IR-reflectance measurement and ToF-SIMS is also presented. The formation of a “silica-like” layer on the surface of nitrogen poled glasses is observed, which is likely associated with the enhancement of surface properties. On the other hand, the introduction of protons beneath the surface of glasses poled under air leads to the formation of a hydrated alkaline earth silica layer. Based on the observations a mechanism behind the sustainability of the plasma under DC conditions is proposed.     

Dissolution Rates of Commercial Soda–Lime and Pyrex Borosilicate Glasses: Influence of Solution pH

Dissolution rates of two commercial soda—lime silicate glasses and Pyrex borosilicate glass (Corning 7740) have been measured as a function of pH. The dissolution rate was constant with time and increased with increase in pH from 4 to 9. The activation energy for dissolution was nearly constant with pH for the Pyrex borosilicate glass, and decreased somewhat as pH increased for the soda—lime glasses. The openness of the glass surface influences strongly the rate of dissolution. The solubility of silica as a function of pH increases at pH above 8 but does not seem to be quantitatively related to dissolution rate. Other possible influences on this rate are briefly considered.     

锂铝硅玻璃的研究进展

与传统的钠钙硅玻璃和高铝玻璃相比,锂铝硅玻璃具有网络结构致密、弹性模量较高和适宜两步法化学钢化等特点,被视为第三代高强玻璃基板,可用作电子信息产品盖板、航空透明器件以及舰船、特种车辆的观察窗口等。目前,锂铝硅玻璃的研究主要涉及:(1)探究锂铝硅玻璃的“组成-结构-性能”本构关系,为设计优化高性能锂铝硅玻璃提供理论指导和性能预测;(2)改进现有溢流和浮法成型方法和装备,满足大尺寸、多厚度和高尺寸精度锂铝硅玻璃成型需要;(3)研究锂铝硅玻璃的两步法化学增强方法,解决表面压应力和应力层深度同步提升难题,显著提高玻璃强度、硬度和抗跌落性能。本文基于上述三个方面综述了锂铝硅玻璃的国内外研究进展。     

Flexural stress effect on mechanical and mechanochemical properties of soda lime silicate glass surface

As a means to elucidate the mechanical stress effect on the durability of soda lime silicate (SLS) float glass, a thin glass plate under flexural stress was investigated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), specular reflectance infrared (SR-IR) spectroscopy, nanoindentation, and tribo-testing. A lab-built four-point bending rig was employed to create compressive or tensile stress (around 40 MPa) on the air-side surface of SLS glass. XPS analysis showed that electric field-induced sodium ion migration is greatly enhanced in both compressive and tensile stress surfaces. The SR-IR analysis of the Si-O-Si stretch mode revealed that the structural distortion of the silicate network appears to be larger under compressive stress than tensile stress. The elastic and plastic responses of the SLS surface to nanoindentation were significantly altered under the flexural stress conditions even though the magnitude of the flexural stress was less than 0.7% of the applied indentation stress. Compared to the stress-free surface, the resistance to mechanochemical wear at 90% relative humidity deteriorated under the compressive stress condition, while it just became more scattered under the tensile stress condition. Even though the applied flexural stress was very small, its impact on chemical and structural properties could be surprisingly large. Combining all results in this study and previously published works suggested that the changes observed in nanoindentation and mechanochemical wear behaviors may be associated with the strain in the Si-O bonds of the silicate network.     

Thermal Behavior of Silver in Ion-Exchanged Soda-Lime Glasses

The refractive index and the nonlinear optical properties of sodium silicate glass can be easily tailored by replacing the sodium with silver. However, the thermal responses of silver and the corresponding modifications of the silica (SiO₂) network in ion-exchanged glass under heating are still not clear. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to study the in-situ behavior of silver and SiO₂networks on the surfaces of silver-ion-exchanged-content soda-lime glasses during heating and cooling processes under ultrahigh vacuum. Temperature-dependent concentration changes and oxidation states have been monitored. The results show that silver diffuses toward the surface, precipitates, and crystallizes during heating, and the total silver surface concentration is slowly increased during cooling. The concentration changes and binding-energy shifts of oxidized and neutral silver atoms, a new nonbridging oxygen species (NBO*), and a new silicon species (Si[a]) have been applied to deduce a disappropriation reaction mechanism of the Ag+ ion on the surface during annealing. The SiO2 network is modified at temperatures of <350°C to accommodate more silver on the surface and to balance the extra charge that is carried by the Ag+ ion. The fact that the SiO2 network polymerizes during annealing has been deduced from the results of the higher binding energies of Si 2_p and O 1s after annealing. This observation is of importance in optimizing the distribution of the ion-exchanged silver and in the formation of silver-metal colloids in glass networks.