词汇语义表征方法研究

句法-语义接口理论认为词汇语义能够影响句法表现,美国斯坦福大学的Beth Levin教授和以色列耶路撒冷希伯来大学的Malka Rappaport Hovav教授的接口理论是基于事件结构到句法的映射理论,能有效地解释论元在句法上的实现,在句法-语义接口研究中具有重大影响.     

论意义组合原则中的若干问题

组合原则是逻辑语义学和自然语言形式语义学中的一条指导性原则,它在逻辑语义学和自然语言句法和语义接口研究中有广泛的应用,但同时这条原则所体现出的方法论性质又备受争议.该原则对逻辑和自然语言成立吗?这一问题不可能给出直接的回答,因为对这条原则的阐述其本身就十分的含糊.逻辑学家和语言学家可以根据自己的理解和表达来表述这条原则.事实表明,组合原则不是一种经验上可证实的限制性原则,而是一种描述系统中的句法和语义应当如何加以设计的方法论原则.     

政府绩效评估的多元主体分析及指标体系构建

政府绩效评估问题早在20世纪50年代就已经受到了国外学界和政界的关注,我国对这个问题的研究现已如火如荼.本文从政府绩效评估的含义入手,分析了政府绩效评估的理论构架,讨论了评估主体多元化模型,认为评估主体应包括政府组织、同级人大组织、专家或学术研究组织和公共群体;进而采用"维度-基本指标-指标要素"的指标模型结构构建了政府绩效评估指标体系.     

国家创新体系建设与我国研究生培养模式的改革

"国家创新体系"(national system ofinnovation),又称为"国家创新系统",是20世纪80年代末、90年代初西方技术经济中兴起的一种理论.这一理论一经提出,立刻吸引了技术经济学与创新领域中许多研究人员以及发达国家和发展中国家决策者们的广泛注意.     

格语法在大学英语教学中的语义贡献

"格语法"理论是美国著名语言学家菲尔墨在1968年首次提出的.格语法理论旨在考察句法结构和语义释义之间的关系.尽管格语法理论的研究在句法领域尚未取得丰硕成果,但对语义学的研究和发展却做出了卓越的贡献.它在英语教学中得到广泛应用,在帮助师生区分歧义句、纠错等方面发挥着重要作用.     

脑机接口在元宇宙中的应用研究进展

近期,随着元宇宙研究重心转向内容交流和社会互动,如何打破当前视听媒体交互瓶颈成为了亟待解决的问题,使用脑机接口进行感官模拟就是解决方案之一.目前,脑机接口已经作为生理信号采集工具在元宇宙诸多领域表现出了不可替代的应用潜力.研究三个应用场景,元宇宙艺术中的生成艺术、元宇宙医学中医疗保健严肃游戏、元宇宙虚拟社会中的虚拟人表情合成中脑机接口应用现状,调查已经存在的商业产品和专利(MindWave Mobile、GVS、Galea),类比网络安全和神经安全、生物伦理学和神经伦理学的发展过程,探讨脑机接口成熟并被广泛应用后可能面临的挑战和潜在问题,展望未来脑机接口在元宇宙中深入多样应用的可能性.     

2030冷轧过程控制系统SCSI接口及磁盘阵列RAID技术的应用

SCSI接口技术和RAID技术是20世纪80年代初期发展起来的计算机控制技术,到目前为止已有了广泛的运用.文章主要介绍SCSI接口与RAID技术,描述了在宝钢2030冷轧计算机控制系统中的应用,并根据使用过程中的经验提出了一些系统优化的建议.     

山雨欲来后的幻灭——对"全盘西化"的个人认识

"全盘西化"思想在中国历史上有着很深的影响,历史已经证明其不能适于时代发展和中国国情.时于-种思想的评判,不能以偏概全,任何思想本身都有其存在的理由与意义.在此将从20世纪20-40年代的全盘西化思潮利弊双方来讨论,发表对"全盘西化"个人的一些看法.     

碳酸盐岩层序地层学回顾与展望

阐述了碳酸盐岩层序地层学三个阶段的发展历程,即20世纪80年代,以Schager为代表的碳酸盐岩层序地层学理论建立阶段;80年代末期至90年代晚期,以Greenlee和Lehmann(1993)为代表的研究不同沉积背景下碳酸盐岩层序地层模式的碳酸盐岩层序地层学发展壮大阶段.面向未来,碳酸盐岩层序地层学理论发展存在五个大的发展趋势已经初现雏形.     

比较诗学的三种境界——中国比较诗学的学术进程与研究方法

中国比较诗学肇加始于20世纪初的五四前后,作为独立的学科形成于20世纪60年代以后;比较诗学的研究范围可细分为三个层次,即研究对象、研究领域和研究课题;而从互用、互明到互补,则是中国比较诗学的三个阶段、三条途径和三种境界.比较诗学实质就是跨文化的文学理论,它是走向"总体文艺学"或"普遍文艺学"的必由之途.     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

Craniometaphyseal and craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, head and neck manifestations and management

Mechanical allodynia (MA) following hand injury is a well-documented clinical problem. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the relationship between hand MA and the upper limb tension test (ULTT). The ULTT mechanically stresses the neural structures from the C5/6/7 neural foramina to the median nerve distally. This study examined 29 subjects with unilateral hand MA before and after a 2-week neural self-mobilization programme. There was a significant difference between the subjects' affected and unaffected sides when tested using the ULTT, both in reproduction of symptoms and in reduced range of motion of the ULTT. Following the self-mobilization program, there was an improvement in the range of the ULTT, and subjects reported a reduction in their symptoms. Complete recovery was not obtained in all cases. The results of this study suggest that the ULTT is a useful tool both in assessment and treatment of subjects with hand MA.     

深云立交桥梁检测及加固改造

根据深云立交桥梁的检测结果，对该桥目前的整体状况、工作状态，及其使用情况做出综合评价，对桥的病害原因进行了分析，并提出合理的加固方案。     

关于摩尔浓度及其与硬度转换关系问题的讨论

众所周知，国际单位制物质的量采用摩尔(mol)表示，近几年出版的给排水专业书籍，为了与国际单位制接轨，逐渐将摩尔的使用频率不断提高，被给排水技术人员广泛应用的新版给排水设计手册，将表示物质浓度的单位“当量／升”或“毫克当量／升”．改为mol／l或mmol／l，虽然编者对其基本单元定义作了说明，但在实际运用上仍会出现误解，     

《儿子与情人》的语码转换与男女二元对立

劳伦斯小说《儿子与情人》一个鲜明的语言特色就是标准英语和当地方言频繁的语码转换。莫瑞尔用方言来对抗妻子,而妻子坚持用标准英语,偶尔也用方言来讽刺、挖苦丈夫。语码转换反映了劳伦斯男女二元对立的哲学思想。