Historical generations and psychology: The case of the Great Depression and World War II.

The author assembles a theory of historical generations from dispersed sources in the social and behavioral sciences and in the humanities, differentiates the theory from formulations of other generation concepts, and applies it to central features in the lives of persons in the generation of the Great Depression and World War II. The application of the theory to historical materials explains how a commitment to social interdependence emerged as the signature orientation of the generation of the Great Depression and World War II. Challenges to the perspective of contextualism stem from the theory's hypotheses about linkages that mediate between cataclysmic events and psychological processes, the influence of historical generations on many of psychology's everyday concerns, and instructive comparisons with a body of growing research on processes involving adaptations to different cultures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

To speak or not to speak: The role of the behavioral scientist revisited.

Discusses M. L. King's (1968) article on the role of the behavioral scientist in the civil rights movement and notes the lack of research and involvement by psychologists in both research into significant social issues and the civil rights struggle. A plea is made for professional self-examination and a reevaluation of values and principles. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of The Musical Edge of Therapeutic Dialogue.

Review of book: The Musical Edge of Therapeutic Dialogue by Steven H. Knoblauch, Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press, 2000, 175 pp. Reviewed by Alexander Stein. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of The therapeutic dialogue: A theoretical and practical guide to psychotherapy.

Reviews the book, The therapeutic dialogue: A theoretical and practical guide to psychotherapy by Sohan Lai Sharma (1986). Sharma has taken on the Herculean task of reviewing the whole of the available literature on psychotherapy, organizing it, and using the data to try to instruct the student therapist in the ways of a fundamentally eclectic, existential-humanistic model of psychotherapy. While I appreciate this effort, and wholeheartedly agree with this as the correct and necessary course for the future survival of psychotherapy, the way has already been more compellingly articulated by such writers as Jung, Rank, Rogers, Perls, R. D. Laing, Szasz, and May. Regrettably, though well-intentioned, Sharma's book lacks the requisite elegance, style, depth, and dynamism needed to help spark the essential resurrection of real psychotherapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

三代粉末高温合金的特征及发展

粉末高温合金在高温下表现出一系列优点,成为高推重比航空发动机涡轮盘等关键部件的首选材料。概述了三代粉末高温合金的发展历程和性能特点;介绍了其生产工艺流程以及热处理过程中固溶温度、冷却速度、时效对组织的影响;从析出相的析出规律(主要讨论了γ'相、碳化物、TCP相)和γ/γ'错配度方面分析了合金成分改变带来的影响,提出成分优化设计的趋势;探讨了粉末高温合金今后的发展方向,为进一步开展粉末高温合金的研究提供一定的理论依据。     

A lapse in constructive dialogue: The Journal's responsibility.

Using the concept of constructive dialogue (Altman & Davies, 2003), the author believes there has been a serious lapse in responsibility in Mills' (2006; see record 2006-03254-016) response to commentaries published in Psychoanalytic Psychology. He believes that there was a failure of editorial responsibility to maintain a basic level of scholarly, as opposed to ad hominem, discussion in these pages. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Stability of aggression over time and generations.

In a study spanning 22 years, data were collected on the aggressiveness of over 600 subjects, their parents, and their children. Subjects who were the more aggressive 8-year-olds at the beginning of the study were discovered to be the more aggressive 30-year-olds at the end of the study. The stability of aggressive behavior was shown to be very similar to the stability of intellectual competence, especially for males. Early aggressiveness was predictive of later serious antisocial behavior, including criminal behavior, spouse abuse, traffic violations, and self-reported physical aggression. Furthermore, the stability of aggression across generations within a family when measured at comparable ages was even higher than the within individual stability across ages. It is concluded that, whatever its causes, aggression can be viewed as a persistent trait that may be influenced by situational variables but possesses substantial cross-situational constancy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Children and the Congress: A time to speak out.

The author, a US Congressman (D-California), discusses the present status of legislation concerning children and youth and offers suggestions for the roles that professionals, including psychologists, can play to promote and protect the welfare of children. The establishment of the Select Committee on Children, Youth, and Families, designed to comprehensively examine the needs and problems of children and their families, is described. (4 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

As others see us.

Presents a humorous anecdote regarding the Annual Convention held in New York. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Schizophrenia and the collapse of the dialogical self: Recovery, narrative and psychotherapy.

Asks the questions: How do personal narratives disintegrate in schizophrenia, and how should narrative issues in schizophrenia be addressed in individual psychotherapy? To examine these issues, this article presents a case analysis of 19 Ss suggesting that narratives in schizophrenia are compromised when internal dialogue either dissolves into cacophonous disarray or becomes too singularly and rigidly organized. It is suggested, therefore, that one way psychotherapy may be useful to persons with schizophrenia is to facilitate the reemergence of internal dialogue through external dialogue. In particular, psychotherapy can assist persons with schizophrenia to develop a narrative that allows for recovery by creating a context for increasing self-awareness and agency. The authors propose that, in the midst of the ongoing development of numerous psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia, the ability to facilitate narrative coherence may represent a unique psychotherapeutic contribution to recovery for persons with this condition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Programmed learning and the Socratic dialogue.

2 modes of presentation of a learning sequence, the Socratic method and a programed adaptation, are specified and paralleled in a chart for comparison purposes. The programed adaptation was tested by administering it, in booklet form, to 32 psychology undergraduates. On the immediate criterion test, 17 were able correctly to present the geometric theorem. A revised program was administered to an equivalent group of 33 students. "27 were able correctly to present the geometric theorem on the immediate criterion test… . It is clear that programmed instruction is similar to the Socratic dialogue, but in its differences lies the potential for widespread and enduring changes in the educational enterprise." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Patterns of authority and affection in two generations.

Using data gleaned from a normative longitudinal study of more than 200 families by workers in the Institute of Child Welfare of the University of California at Berkeley, the research was devised to answer the question as to whether the perception of one's own parents influences parental attitudes towards one's own children. These relationships were studied through the media of 3 variables, viz., authority, affection, and involvement, and their intercorrelation. The "characteristic" or modal family pattern which emerges from the data is described and discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Historical inaccuracy.

Comments on the original article, "Theoretical Insularity and the Crisis of Psychoanalysis," by Frank Summers (see record 2008-09085-001). In that article, on p. 416, the following statement is made: "Sometime in the 1970s, Kohut asked George Pollock, then the Director of the Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysis, for a self psychology curriculum to be included in the training program. When Pollock refused, Kohut considered breaking away and forming his own institute. Although the founder of self psychology decided to stay at the Chicago Institute, Pollock never forgave him, and the bitterness and enmity between the ego and self psychologists at that institute is still evident." Here, the current author--a friend and colleague of Kohut's--maintains that this statement is untrue. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The generations of psychotherapy research: An overview.

Psychoanalytic therapy research can be divided into 4 generations, marked by increasing conceptual sophistication and technological enhancement. The 1st generation (1917–1968) comprised simple retrospective counts of improved outcomes by unspecified criteria. The 2nd generation (1959–1985) consisted of 2 kinds: (1) prospective group-aggregated studies of psychoanalytic treatments, with specified definitions, operationalized criteria, and predictions to expected outcomes, and (2) individually studied outcomes in a sequence of patients. The 3rd generation (1954–1986) combined both kinds of 2nd-generation studies with the added feature of separating outcomes at termination from the more enduring effects at subsequent follow-up. The 4th, current generation (1970s–) adds in microanalytic process studies made possible by recent technological advances-audiotapes, combined with computer searches. Programs are currently being fashioned to combine these ongoing process studies with the best outcome measures in order to realize the principle of Patient-Treatment-Outcome Congruence, the representation of the patient's illness, the treatment process, and assessed outcome in comparable terms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A behavioral view of paradigm debates: Let the data speak.

Because of the strong applied and empirical emphasis of the behavior analysis approach, paradigm debates are considered a waste of time. It is suggested here that the current debate by E. Locke (see record 1981-04363-001) is no exception. It is recommended that instead of engaging in data-sparse academic arguments, interested researchers should conduct experiments that test the various hypotheses and then let the data speak for themselves. (7 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"When to speak again": Self-regulation under facilitation.

It is hypothesized that when fair time sharing is the collective goal in small group discussion, individuals will regulate when they speak again by closely monitoring how much time they have already occupied. The introduction of a facilitator can potentially enhance this self-regulatory process. A Weibull hazard rate model was specified to test this possibility. The analysis indicated that, over time, the more airtime individual members had occupied before speaking again, the longer the delay before they would speak again. Findings are discussed in terms of the substantive implications of the present approach to other areas of research in group dynamics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Programmed learning and the Socratic dialogue: A critical review.

"As a mathematician I have several comments to make regarding Cohen's (1962) paper [see 37: 7133]. The comments point out (a) omissions in the material presented, (b) the relevance of prior portions of Plato's Meno to Cohen's discussion of the Socratic method and programmed learning, and (c) extensions of Cohen's work which would be of increased interest in the teaching of mathematics." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Family Stories and the Life Course: Across Time and Generations.

In this review of "Family Stories and the Life Course: Across Time and Generations" (see record 2004-13618-000), the reviewer states that many psychologists will want to read this book from cover to cover because it is excellent. It will create excitement for developmental psychologists who are open to extending their perspectives on individual functioning to include more of a focus on whole family systems. It will also challenge family psychologists to deepen their understanding of how the functioning of each family member at different stages of the life span is related to interactions and meaning-making in the group. Clinical psychologists will glean new ideas about the accounts of family life they hear from their clients and the transformative power of having family members jointly engage in reconstructing problematic family stories. The range of topics and the overall quality of the research and theorizing are truly impressive. This book draws together in one volume conceptual development and recent research findings about family narratives. The reader will gain an understanding of how family stories and story telling are related to acquisition of language, regulation of affect, attachment processes and socialization of children, development of identity in adolescents, cognitive functioning in older persons, and interactions between children, parents, and grandparents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)