多级孔ZSM-5沸石分子筛制备方法研究进展

在微孔ZSM-5沸石分子筛中引入介孔结构制备多级孔ZSM-5沸石分子筛,可以很好的解决传统ZSM-5沸石分子筛在分子扩散方面受限和催化剂失活的问题。综述了几种多级孔ZSM-5沸石分子筛的制备方法,着重介绍后处理法、硬模板法以及软模板法,分析了不同制备方法的优缺点,简单介绍了其他制备方法。阐明了探索更加经济、环保、易操作的多级孔沸石分子筛制备方法仍然是科研工作者们努力的方向。     

苯在介孔FDU-16晶内扩散性能的研究

采用有机-有机自组装法制备了介孔FDU-16,并用XRD、SEM、TEM和N2吸-脱附等技术对所合成样品进行了详细表征。在此基础上,首次利用零长柱(Zero-length column,ZLC)技术,以苯为探针分子系统研究了FDU-16晶内扩散性能。结果表明,FDU-16是介孔和微孔共存的碳材料,且以微孔为主;尽管FDU-16含介孔,探针分子苯在FDU-16晶内的传质限制是其在微孔中的扩散;由于苯的分子尺寸与FDU-16中的微孔孔径相当,导致苯在FDU-16晶内扩散缓慢,且有高的扩散活化能。     

甲醇制烃反应ZSM-5催化剂微孔孔道控制的最新研究进展

甲醇在ZSM-5分子筛催化作用下,定向转化为低碳烯烃、汽油和芳烃等产品,是现代煤化工的重要技术。虽然ZSM-5结构规整有序,酸性强且水热稳定性好,具备优异的择形催化效应,但其孔结构以微孔为主,反应产物不能快速扩散出微孔,易形成积炭,导致催化剂活性降低而快速失活。缩短微孔孔道促进产物扩散成为甲醇定向转化催化剂研究的关键问题。本文总结了近十年来关于ZSM-5微孔孔道控制的最新研究进展,归纳了通过控制其晶粒尺寸、形貌和介孔结构,调控微孔孔道长度,提升反应分子在微孔内扩散性能的方法,特别分析了上述控制因子的关键调控机制;提出对纳米尺度的ZSM-5进一步精准构筑介孔结构,是获得高稳定性催化剂的重要途径;而在控制孔结构的基础上,优化表面酸性,有望提升甲醇制烃反应的产物选择性。本综述期望为甲醇制烃领域研究提供相关理论基础。     

改性介微孔ZSM-5分子筛催化剂制备及催化甲苯甲醇烷基化反应性能

将微孔ZSM-5分子筛通过不同浓度的氢氧化钠溶液处理不同的时间制备不同的介微孔ZSM-5分子筛,然后负载五氧化二磷制备介微孔ZSM-5分子筛催化剂,对介微孔ZSM-5分子筛负载五氧化二磷催化剂进行甲苯甲醇烷基化反应评价。其中氢氧化钠溶液浓度为1.0 mol/L、处理时间为30 min得到的介微孔ZSM-5分子筛负载五氧化二磷催化剂催化甲苯甲醇烷基化反应的活性较高。对介微孔ZSM-5分子筛负载五氧化二磷催化剂进一步采用铂进行改性,将制备的催化剂用于甲苯甲醇烷基化反应,在460 ℃条件下连续反应505 h,甲苯转化率保持在10.9%,二甲苯中对二甲苯的选择性保持在96%以上。研究结果表明,五氧化二磷、铂改性的介微孔ZSM-5分子筛催化剂具有优异的甲苯甲醇烷基化反应性能。     

介孔ZSM-22沸石负载Pt对十二烷加氢异构化性能的影响

以Al_2(SO_4)_3·18H_2O为铝源、硅溶胶为硅源、有机硅季铵盐为介孔模板剂,通过水热晶化方法成功制备了具有较大介孔孔容和较高外表面积的介孔ZSM-22沸石(ZSM-22-M)。利用XRD、N2吸附-脱附、SEM和NH3-TPD等手段对ZSM-22-M沸石进行表征。研究了ZSM-22-M和微孔ZSM-22沸石负载Pt催化剂(Pt/HZSM-22-M和Pt/HZSM-22)对正十二烷加氢异构化性能的影响,结果表明,Pt/HZSM-22-M具有非常优异的加氢异构化性能。Pt/HZSM-22-M上具有相互匹配的金属中心-酸中心数目,有利于提高其异构化选择性,同时其上丰富的介孔结构促进了反应分子的扩散。     

ZSM-5分子筛上轻烃裂解性能:晶粒尺寸的影响

设计合成了纳米、亚微米和微米级晶粒尺寸ZSM-5分子筛,并研究了其在两种反应温度下(510,650℃)对正庚烷催化制低碳烯烃反应行为。结果表明,在反应初始阶段,两种反应温度下晶粒尺寸对正庚烷转化率和产物选择性影响较小。但随着反应进行,纳米和亚微米ZSM-5在510℃下反应性能(低碳烯烃选择性及反应活性稳定性)相近且均高于微米ZSM-5;而650℃下,具有更短扩散路径和更大外表面积的纳米ZSM-5则体现出更高的反应性能。微米ZSM-5在两种温度下虽具有相对较高的低碳烯烃选择性,但其活性稳定性最低。进一步研究晶粒尺寸对费-托过程中石脑油催化裂解性能的影响发现,亚微米ZSM-5表现出最高的催化反应性能,这可能与反应原料的组成及相关反应途径变化有关。     

纳米级ZSM-12分子筛的合成及表征

采用双季铵盐模板剂溴代1,4-二氮甲基哌啶基-丁烷,通过动态水热晶化法成功制备了纳米级ZSM-12分子筛。采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、红外光谱分析及N2吸附-脱附技术等测试方法对所得颗粒进行了研究。所合成的颗粒呈长条形状,长约150 nm,宽约30 nm。所得的ZSM-12沸石结晶体结构完整,无明显骨架缺陷,富含微孔和介孔孔隙。介孔孔隙来源于ZSM-12纳米晶粒之间的堆积孔隙。在酸分布上,所得的HZSM-12分子筛的中强酸及B酸比例较多,使得该沸石在催化反应中具备优良的反应活性。     

多级孔道沸石用于甲醇制丙烯反应研究进展

综述了多级孔道沸石结构、性能及制备方法的最新研究进展。多级孔道沸石因为介孔的引入强化了分子在孔道内的扩散,提高了目标产物的收率和选择性,在催化反应领域具有非常大的应用潜力。针对ZSM-5和SAPO-34两种不同的分子筛体系,介绍了多级孔道沸石制备的后处理法与模板法,指出控制后处理脱硅脱铝的程度以及探寻合适且廉价的模板剂是发展多级孔道材料的关键技术。最后对多级孔道沸石在甲醇制丙烯反应中的应用前景作了展望,得出保证分子筛合理的微孔/介孔比例、分布及催化剂合适的强度,是该材料应用于甲醇制丙烯反应的关键。     

多级孔道ZSM-5分子筛的合成及其催化应用

多级孔道ZSM-5分子筛具有微孔沸石分子筛良好的择形催化性能和介孔材料优异的传质扩散性能,在催化领域显示出良好的应用前景。本文综述了近年来多级孔道ZSM-5分子筛的研究进展,重点介绍了多级孔道ZSM-5分子筛的不同合成方法,包括后处理法、硬模板法和软模板法等,同时介绍了不同方法得到的多级孔道ZSM-5分子筛在催化反应中的应用,分析表明多级孔道ZSM-5分子筛以其良好的扩散性能和适宜的酸性提高了反应转化率和目标产物选择性。最后对多级孔道ZSM-5分子筛的发展方向进行了展望,指出研发简单、经济和环保的新合成路线是多级孔道ZSM-5分子筛发展中的重大挑战,深入研究多级孔道分子筛中介孔的形成机理和开发具有多级孔道整体式催化剂以及负载型多级孔道ZSM-5分子筛是今后的研究重点。     

多级孔ZSM-5沸石的制备及其催化性能

采用干胶转化法,在晶种辅助下,制备出多级孔ZSM-5沸石,考察了晶种加入量、水加入量和晶化时间等因素对多级孔沸石结构和形貌的影响.结果表明:加入晶种,大大加快了沸石合成的晶化速率,无定形硅铝凝胶直接在晶种表面形成的水膜中溶解并就近快速生长为ZSM-5纳米沸石,纳米沸石相互聚集,并在纳米沸石间形成了介孔孔道.通过调节晶种...     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。