Steinernema longicaudum BPSteine品系线虫防治花生田蛴螬施用技术

为证实BPS线虫田间防治害虫的潜能和花生安全生产的可能性,进行了长尾斯氏Steinernema longicaudum BPS品系线虫防治花生田蛴螬效果及其施用技术研究。结果显示：在8个处理剂量中,以5000IJs／穴的剂量田间效果最好,花生荚果受害率（3．1％）显著低于40％甲基异柳磷对照的（9．0％）和清水对照的荚果受害率（53．2％）,蛴螬减退率（95．7％1和平均产N（5941．5kg／hm^2）也与40％甲基异柳磷对照的（82．7％,303．8kg）有显著差异（P〈0．05）;灌施效果显著好于喷施;在5000IJs／穴的剂量下,混合喷施BPS线虫和小杆线虫（4500：500）,未表现出相克、协同或加性效应。研究结果表明BPS线虫作为生物防治制剂防治花生田蛴螬具有防虫、增产双重效果。     

生物防治蛴螬技术获专家认可

从开封市科技局获悉．生物防治花生田蛴螬技术日前得到专家认可。 据介绍，蛴螬又名白土蚕、核桃虫，是金龟子的幼虫．每年8月下旬后进人为害盛期，是危害花生、白薯、土豆等作物的主要害虫，虫量多可将作物须根吃光．严重影响产量。开封市科技局近日组织专家对用昆虫病原线虫和白僵菌防治蛴螬技术进行实地调查后认为，这两种方法防治效果好，无污染．无农药残留，施用方法简单，值得推广。     

印楝在植物寄生线虫防治上的应用

植物寄生线虫是农林害物中一类重要的病原生物,在世界上许多国家和地区均有发生和产生危害。线虫除能直接诱致植物病害外,还能传带多种植物病原微生物,特别是病毒。估计全世界作物因植物寄生线虫造害造成平均损失在10％以上。我国线虫危害十分严重,一般情况下可使花生减产30％～40％;大豆减产10％～20％;水稻减产10％。严重时可使花生减产70％～80％,甚至失收;大豆减产30％～50％;水稻减产40％～50％,而且危害日趋严重。     

Steinernema longicaudum BPS品系线虫防治花生田蛴螬施用技术

为证实BPS线虫田间防治害虫的潜能和花生安全生产的可能性,进行了长尾斯氏Steinemema longicaudum BPS品系线虫防治花生田蛴螬效果及其施用技术研究.结果显示:在8个处理剂量中,以5000 IJS/穴的剂量田间效果最好,花生荚果受害率(3.1%)显著低于40%甲基异柳磷对照的(9.0%)和清水对照的荚果受害率(53.2%),蛴螬减退率(95.7%)和平均产量(5941.5 kg/hm2)也与40%甲基异柳磷对照的(82.7%,303.8 kg)有显著差异(P＜0.05);灌施效果显著好于喷施;在5000 IJs/穴的剂量下,混合喷施BPS线虫和小杆线虫(4500∶500),未表现出相克、协同或加性效应.研究结果表明BPS线虫作为生物防治制剂防治花生田蛴螬具有防虫、增产双重效果.     

氯乙烯聚合过程安全可靠性分析评价

一、前言 氯乙烯为第2．1类易燃气体,引燃温度472℃,爆炸极限范围3．6％～33．0％,爆炸性气体分组T2、分级ⅡA,相对密度（水=1）0．91,相对密度（空气=1）2．2;高毒,已列入《高毒物品目录》（卫法监发[2003]142号）中,     

毒死蜱防治花生田蛴螬效果的研究

１９８６－１９９２年，在拟毛黄、大黑及暗黑等鳃等鳃金龟甲及其蛴螬等单或混发严重春、夏花生田，亩田１０％毒死蜱颗粒剂有效成分１３３－２００克盖种，一次性用药，能有效控制花生全生育期金龟甲及其蛴螬等地下害虫的为害，保里率为９７．３－１００％，增产１５．５－８４．５％，效果明显。     

54％吡虫啉·氟虫腈FS和60％吡虫啉FS对花生地下害虫的防治

试验研究表明：在花生播种期施用54％吡虫啉·氟虫腈FS或60％吡虫啉FS对花生安全,对金针虫、蛴螬等花生地下害虫有明显的防治作用,施用54％吡虫啉·氟虫腈FS或60％吡虫啉FS具有显著的保果作用,可以明显降低虫果率,提高花生荚果产量,制剂用量分别为300-600、300-450mL／hm^2拌种,增产率达24．21％-34．18％。     

北京株水痘活疫苗的临床反应、血清学及流行病学效果

接种1～6．5岁无水痘病史的健康儿童1056人，对其中的200人进行了副反应观察，除4人注射局部有轻微的红晕反应外，无其它反应或不适。免前抗体阴性的儿童，免后抗体阳转率为94．2％（91．4％～96．3％），其GMT为646．82（497．36～854．80）；接种25pfu剂量的抗体阳转率达85．9％，而接种2．5pfu的阳转率仅30％。疫苗接种组水痘发病率为1％（4／397），对照组发病率为27.6％（156／566），其保护率达96.4％。     

2015年的日本化学纤维生产

2015年的日本化学纤维生产,比上年减少1．3％,为96万t（包括聚烯烃纤维、醋酯丝束）。其中,合成纤维减少1．6％、纤维素纤维停滞不前（增加0．2％）。     

二硫氰基甲烷对番茄苗安全性及其对根结线虫的防效

离体毒力测定表明,二硫氰基甲烷对根结线虫（Meloidogyne spp．）2龄幼虫EC50及EC95分别为0．720、1．663mg／L。温室试验表明76mg／L二硫氰基甲烷土壤处理,对间隔7、9d移栽的6周龄番茄苗安全。38、63mg／L药剂对番茄根结线虫的防治效果在30d和60d时分别达65．20％、86．94％和41．53％、46．15％;对土壤线虫的抑制在30d和50d时分别达58．57％、77．33％和38．22％、61．45％,各处理差异显著。     

花生蛴螬绿色防控药剂筛选与应用效果比较

[目的]为了筛选对花生蛴螬具有高效、安全的绿色防控药剂,提高花生的产量。[方法]筛选调查11种药剂防治花生蛴螬的田间防治效果,评估药剂对花生的出苗率、保株率和产量的影响。[结果]3%阿维菌素·吡虫啉颗粒剂1800~2250 g a.i./hm^2播种前沟施、0.5%毒死蜱颗粒剂2250~2700 g a.i./hm^2和5%毒死蜱颗粒剂2250 g a.i./hm^2播种前撒施,处理后60 d防虫效果80%以上,花生增产23.98%~30.96%;33%吡虫啉·辛硫磷FS 160 g/100kg种子包衣处理保株效果83%,增产12.28%。[结论]毒死蜱单用,吡虫啉与阿维菌素、辛硫磷复配均可有效防治花生蛴螬,对作物安全,保株和增产效果明显,符合绿色防控要求,可推广使用。     

氯虫苯甲酰胺与联苯菊酯混配种子处理对花生地下及地上害虫的防治效果

[目的]为明确氯虫苯甲酰胺和联苯菊酯混配种子处理对花生田害虫的防治效果,筛选出合适的配比。[方法]通过田间试验观察2种药剂混配对花生田害虫的防治效果。[结果]收获期时,12%氯虫·联苯悬浮种衣剂(3∶1)有效成分用量为4 g/kg种子处理时对蛴螬和金针虫的防治效果最佳,分别为84.94%和81.82%;同时其对花生蚜(Aphis craccivora Koch)的防治效果最好,为31.99%;并可促进出苗,减少烂种,增产率达18.77%。[结论]该剂量混配对蛴螬和金针虫具有很高的防效,同时兼治花生蚜,对花生生长及产量俱佳,可推广用于花生田害虫防治。     

6种杀虫剂对甘蔗蛴螬的田间防治效果

[目的]为了筛选防治甘蔗蛴螬的理想药剂,采用随机区组排列法结合甘蔗大培土布施6种杀虫剂进行田间药效试验.[结果]5％异丙特丁硫磷颗粒剂防治蛴螬效果最佳,残留虫口数最少,为1.67头/m2,蔗根受害情况也最轻,受害率仅为5.56％,两者相对防效均为最高,分别为76.19％、93.57％.其次是8％毒死蜱·辛硫磷颗粒剂和8％杀螟单·辛硫磷颗粒剂.其他杀虫剂对蛴螬均有一定防效,但效果不甚理想.[结论]结合甘蔗大培土,选施5％o异丙特丁硫磷颗粒剂75 kg/hm2、8％毒死蜱·辛硫磷颗粒剂60 kg/hm2和8％杀螟单·辛硫磷颗粒剂60 kg/hm2等药剂,可有效防治甘蔗蛴螬,保护蔗根免受为害.     

8%精喹·乳氟禾乳油防除花生田杂草试验

为明确8%精喹·乳氟禾乳油防除花生田杂草的效果和对花生的安全性,采用田间小区试验的方法,观察其对花生田杂草的防效和对花生产量的影响。结果表明,8%精喹.乳氟禾乳油有效成分用量100.0～240.0 g/hm2对花生田马唐、牛筋草、反枝苋、马齿苋等杂草均有好的防治效果,药后20 d,总体株防效为96.45%～99.68%,鲜重防效97.93%～99.83%。对作物花生安全性较好,药后部分叶片出现药害斑,不扩展,可恢复,对花生苗期生长无影响,增产率33.42%～47.33%。     

78%扑·噻·乙草胺悬乳剂防除花生田杂草的效果

为明确78%扑.噻.乙草胺悬乳剂防除花生田杂草的效果和对花生的安全性,采用田间小区试验的方法,观察其对花生田杂草的防效和对花生产量的影响。结果表明,78%扑.噻.乙草胺悬乳剂有效成分用量1170.0～1521.0 g/hm2,药后20 d和40 d对花生田杂草总体的株防效和鲜重防效均在90%以上,并对花生安全,增产率14.87%～16.15%。     

不同包装处理对花生仁贮藏品质影响研究

研究包装处理对花生仁保鲜效果的影响。分别对花生仁进行普通包装、真空包装、充氮包装,监测存储期间花生仁水分含量、过氧化值、酸价的变化,对比3种包装花生仁的贮藏品质。结果表明:包装处理能够明显改善花生仁的贮藏品质,其中包装的阻隔性对花生仁的保鲜效果影响显著,真空包装和充氮包装花生仁的过氧化值和酸价分别低于普通包装31%~50%、26%~47%,对两重要品质指标的劣化有明显的抑制作用,说明阻隔性包装能够有效提高花生仁的贮藏品质。     

Use of mesquite cotyledon (Prosopis chilensis (Mol) Shuntz) in the manufacturing of cereal bars

Cereal bars with peanut and walnut has shown to be snack foods of good organoleptic characteristics and high caloric value, due to their content of protein, lipids and carbohydrates. Cotyledons of mezquite seeds have a high protein content which biological quality improves with thermal processing like toasting, microwave or moist heat under pressure. The purposes of this research were to study the use of mezquite cotyledon (Prosopis chilensis (Mol) Stuntz) in cereal bars with two different levels of peanut or walnut; and to determine the effect of two thermal treatment applied on the cotyledon upon the bar characteristics. Twelve different kind of bars were developed through the combination of two levels of peanut or walnut (15% and 18%); the use of mezquite cotyledon (0% and 6%); and the application of two thermal processing to the cotyledon (microwave and toasting). Cereal bars were analysed for chemical, physical and sensory characteristics: moisture, water activity, proximate chemical composition, sensory quality and acceptability. Moisture content of bars with peanut ranged between 10.4% and 10.9%; and for those with walnut, between 10.5% and 12.3%. Protein content was higher in the bars with mezquite cotiledon, being higher those with peanut. Thermal processing did not have any effect on the chemical composition. Bars with mezquite cotyledon treated by microwave showed a higher acceptability.     

Effects of Jasmonate-Induced Defenses on Root-Knot Nematode Infection of Resistant and Susceptible Tomato Cultivars

Jasmonates, such as jasmonic acid (JA), are plant-signaling compounds that trigger induced resistance against certain pathogens and a broad range of arthropod herbivores. One goal of this study was to determine the effects of JA-dependent defenses in tomato on root-knot nematodes. Another was to determine if the artificial induction of these defenses could enhance nematode control on plants that carry Mi-1.2, a nematode resistance gene that is present in many tomato cultivars. At moderate soil temperatures, Mi-1.2 can effectively suppress reproduction of most isolates of the common root-knot nematode species Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita, and M. arenaria. Mi-mediated resistance has its limitations, however. Mi-1.2 is reported to lose its effectiveness at soil temperatures above 28°C, and certain virulent nematode isolates can overcome resistance even at moderate soil temperatures. This study used a foliar application of JA to activate induced resistance in two near-isogenic lines of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) with and without Mi-1.2, and evaluated the effects of induced resistance at moderate soil temperatures on one avirulent nematode isolate (M. javanica isolate VW4) and two virulent isolates (M. javanica isolate VW5 and M. incognita isolate 557R). In addition, the effects of induced resistance on avirulent nematode performance were examined at a high temperature (32°C). The results indicate that JA application induces a systemic defense response that reduces avirulent nematode reproduction on susceptible tomato plants. Furthermore, JA-dependent defenses proved to be heat-stable, whereas the effects of Mi-mediated resistance were reduced but not eliminated at 32°C. JA treatment enhanced Mi-mediated resistance at high temperature, but did not suppress either of the virulent nematode isolates tested.     

Physical Characteristics of Peanut Butter Influenced by Fully Hydrogenated Flixweed Seed Oil (Descurainia sophia L.) as a Stabilizer

The functional benefits provided by flixweed seed oil (FSO) warrant its application as an alternative to current commercial stabilizers used in peanut butter. The extracted FSO was fully hydrogenated and added to the lab‐made peanut butter in quantities of 1, 1.5, and 2 % (w/w). Samples were stored at 4, 21, and 40 °C, and tested at 2, 6, 16, and 24 weeks for oil separation tests and texture characteristics including hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, and gumminess. Fully hydrogenated flixweed seed oil (FHFO) improved the oil holding capacity of peanut butter at 1, 1.5 and 2 % (w/w). Peanut butter containing FHFO, at a quantity of 2 % (w/w), showed the least oil separation and had comparable or less oil separation than the sample containing 1.5 % commercial stabilizer. Other physical properties were comparable between these two samples.