Development and application of a throughflow method for high-loaded axial flow compressors

In this paper, a novel engineering platform for throughflow analysis based on streamline curvature approach is developed for the research of a 5-stage compressor. The method includes several types of improved loss and deviation angle models, which are combined with the authors’ adjustments for the purpose of reflecting the influences of three-dimensional internal flow in high-loaded multistage compressors with higher accuracy. In order to validate the reliability and robustness of the method, a series of test cases, including a subsonic compressor P&W 3S1, a transonic rotor NASA Rotor 1B and especially an advanced high pressure core compressor GE E³ HPC, are conducted. Then the computation procedure is applied to the research of a 5-stage compressor which is designed for developing an industrial gas turbine. The overall performance and aerodynamic configuration predicted by the procedure, both at design- and part-speed conditions, are analyzed and compared with experimental results, which show a good agreement. Further discussion regarding the universality of the method compared with CFD is made afterwards. The throughflow method is verified as a reliable and convenient tool for aerodynamic design and performance prediction of modern high-loaded compressors. This method is also qualified for use in the further optimization of the 5-stage compressor.     

Numerical study on the separation and superposition of the influences from up- and downstream rotors

A three-dimensional Navier-Stokes solver is used to investigate the separation and superposition of the influences from upstream and downstream rotors in an axial-radial combined compressor for unsteady design applications. The data from rotor/stator and stator/rotor configurations show that the unsteady flow response in axial stator passage is caused only by one rotor. The results from the rotor/stator/rotor configuration revealed the superimposed characteristic of influences from upstream and downstream the rotor. The impact of the superimposed characteristic was studied by analyzing the virtual relative flow angle at the stator exit. The results show that the axial velocity in the passage of axial stator can be influenced by wake from upstream axial rotor and potential field of downstream radial rotor. While they are coupled to have an effect on the unsteady flow in axial statot passage, the excitation or suppression phenomena appear and lead to different levels of deterministic fluctuation kinetic energy. Their locations are determined by the frequencies of the involved influences. In addition, the variability of superimposed characteristic （ excitation and suppression） at the stator exit modulates the inlet flow angle for downstream rotor.     

无限大转动圆盘的数值模拟及其收敛策略

采用数值模拟的方法对转动圆盘进行计算.为了克服计算过程中迭代发散的问题,将转动圆盘作为非定常流动进行计算,待计算到一定时间后,边界层速度场基本形成,再将所计算的非定常流场的结果作为定常流动的初始流场进行计算,从而使收敛过程稳定,有效的避免了计算发散.最后将数值模拟的结果和精确解的结果进行了比较,发现数值模拟结果与精确解相吻合.     

分析压气机稳定性的Euler模型

分析压气机稳定性的Ｅｕｌｅｒ模型张明川，唐狄毅关键词ＣＶＤ（化学气相沉积），预涂层，石墨粉，金刚石膜中图分类号ＴＢ４３旋转失速和喘振是压气机固有的不稳定工作现象，是一个具有挑战性的研究课题。以往的分析模型一般建立在小扰动理论基础上，适用于低速不可压流...     

压气机周向槽处理机匣的轴向位置研究

为研究处理机匣位置对压气机性能的影响,对跨音压气机rotor37进行了不同轴向位置周向处理槽的全三维定常数值模拟,在分析处理机匣扩稳机理的基础上研究了光壁机匣和各种处理机匣下的压气机流场结构.结果表明,周向槽处理机匣能在效率损失不大的情况下使压气机失稳边界向特性图的左上方移动,额定转速下的周向处理槽覆盖叶尖弦长中部时能获得3.35%的扩稳裕度,而效率损失仅为0.23%.在对比多种处理机匣下的压气机性能和内部流场分布后认为:设计点下的处理机匣应以覆盖叶尖中部为宜.     

A wake bending unsteady dynamic inflow model of tiltrotor in conversion flight of tiltrotor aircraft

The aerodynamics, dynamic responses and aeroelasticity of tiltrotor aircraft in the tilting of rotor i.e. in conversion flight are extraordinarily complicated. The traditional quasi-steady assumption model can not reflect the unsteady aerodynamic problems in the tilting of rotor. The CFD method based on the vortex theory can get better results, but it consumes a lot of computing resources. In this paper, a wake bending dynamic inflow model of tilting rotor was established firstly based on the Peters-He dynamic inflow model used in helicopter. Then combining with the ONERA unsteady aerodynamic model, a wake bending unsteady dynamic inflow model of tilting rotor in conversion flight of tiltrotor aircraft was established. The wake bending unsteady dynamic inflow model of tilting rotor was verified by using the experimental data of an isolated rotor model in large angle pitching up maneuver and was used to calculate the dynamic responses of tilting rotor in conversion flight of a tiltrotor aircraft model. The calculated results were analyzed to be physically reasonable.     

叶表和端壁抽吸对跨音速压气机稳定性影响对比分析

以NASA Rotor35为研究对象,应用数值模拟手段深入分析了叶表和端壁不同位置抽吸对该压气机稳定性的影响效应。研究结果表明:叶表抽吸虽然使得压气机压比和效率有所升高,但使叶顶前缘脱体激波和间隙泄漏流强度的增加,导致两者相互作用引起的低能堵塞团尺度过早增长,压气机提前进入失速;端壁抽吸改善了转子顶部前缘激波结构,削弱了叶顶低能阻塞团中的高熵流体,改善了叶顶区域的流动,实现了压气机的扩稳效果,但对压气机压比和效率性能改善不明显。     

双级对转压气机多工况数值分析研究

以某双级对转压气机为研究对象,应用数值模拟方法获取不同转速、近喘振点内部流场细微结构,分析了不同工况上下游转子叶片表面流谱特点以及对转、逆压环境中上下游流场相互制约关系,为进一步优化设计对转压气机叶片提供依据。计算结果表明:该对转压气机在多种工况下两排转子来流攻角、落后角都较大,根部和尖部都有较强的分离流动;一级转子叶片表面分离线上游流动速度径向分量较大,可能导致该级转子尖部截面流动分离提前发生;下游转子对上游转子叶片尾迹的反向切割使得其不能按照自身发展规律向下游发展,一方面诱导了上游叶片尾缘附近流动分离,另一方面,对下游叶片来流攻角也产生一定的影响,导致下游转子叶片来流攻角进一步增大,从而加剧了二级转子的分离。     

梯状尖部间隙机匣处理对轴流压气机性能影响的实验研究

设计了3组共7种叶尖梯状间隙的机匣处理结构，并在某亚音速单级轴流压气机孤立转子上进行了实验研究，比较分析了不同机匣结构对其性能和稳定性的影响。结果 表明：(1)通过对3种径向间隙(0．517％h、0．655％h和0．741％h)的实验结果对比，发现随着径向间隙增加压气机性能和稳定性均下降；(2)在小间隙(0．517％h)水平下，叶尖梯状间隙机匣处理不但可以改善压气机的稳态性能和工作稳定性，还可以改善压气机的失速性能，而且梯状间隙的轴向尺寸对改善压气机性能和稳定性有较大影响；(3)改变梯状间隙的径向深度对压气机性能和稳定性的影响相对较小。     

三维非定常分区覆盖网格分支管路数值模拟

为了研究复杂气动系统中分支管路的分流特性，以三通分支为研究对象，将计算区域分成两个圆柱形区域，应用一般插值方法计算分区内边界的耦合条件，给出各分区外边界条件的处理方法，推导出无振荡中心差分的TVD计算模式，采用分区覆盖网格方法建立三维非定常有限体积数值计算模型，计算结果与试验数据对比表明：所应用的计算方法可以很好地模拟三通的内部流场，对研究分支管路的过流能力及其能量损失机理均具有重要的意义。     

叶栅流场尾迹中非定常涡系的数值模拟

叶栅通道内包含复杂非定常流动特征的涡系结构，二维直叶栅的尾迹涡系中粘性、尺寸效应十分明显，进行数值模拟时计算量较大，因此时分离涡产生与脱落过程的准确、清晰的捕捉要求有更高效率的数值解法。应用隐式格式、全场统一时间步长和Baldwin—Lomax紊流模型求解二维Navier—Stokes方程，时二维直叶栅流场非定常涡系进行了数值模拟分析，在大攻角、不同进口马赫数的2种工况下，通过对比分析不同时刻叶栅流场的熵和压力瞬态图，捕捉到分离涡产生与脱落过程，并合理地反映了紊流流动特征。通过计算结果看出，所采用的非定常粘性流动数值模拟方法有效，计算效率较高，能够较好地捕捉复杂的尾迹非定常涡系，较为清晰地反映叶栅流场涡系的形成、发展和消失过程，为进一步研究孤立转子和多叶排环境下的非定常流动效应提供了初步的基础。     

基于欧拉方程的一种机翼气动弹性计算方法

利用一种双时间方法求解三维非定常欧拉方程，采用无限插值理论生成O－H型代数网格，考虑了机翼变形时的网格生成问题，通过与气动力方程的联立求解，在时间域内用二阶龙－库塔方法求解机翼弹性运动方程。计算结果表明，本计算方法具有较高的计算效率，所计算的颤振临界速度与风洞实验一致。     

Steady air injection flow control for increasing the surge margin of radial flow compressor

Steady air injection upstream of the leading edge was used to increase the surge margin of a centrifugal compressor.To reveal the mechanism,steady numerical simulations were performed on a high pressure ratio centrifugal compressor rotor operated with a rotor tip speed of 586 m/s.Eight different injection yaw angle with four different injection mass flow was performed to determine the configuration that provide the best results for the compression system studied in this work.The injection angle,α,was fifteen degree and the injectors were placed at short distance(ten percent of the inlet tip radius upstream of the compressor face) to achieve maximum control over the leading edge flow by varying individual injection parameters.The results show that at design speed(n=50 000 r/min) with injection flow rate more than 2% of the main flow rate and yaw angle between 20° and 30°,the mass flow rate at stall decreases for approximately 8%.But with higher injection rate,other compressor parameters were affected such as compressor efficiency and compressor total pressure ratio.     

一维高阶ENO格式的应用研究

构造了基本ENO有限体积格式，在标量守恒系，矢量守恒系中研究了ENO格式的具体应用，给出了矢量守恒系中基于特征分量的ENO重构算法，通过采用Roe平均通量差分分裂(Roe-FDS)，有效地抑制了间断解附近的振荡。一维Euler方程的数值模拟结果进一步表明ENO格式具有较高的激波分辨率和较低的数值耗散，在激波附近基本无振荡的特性。     

轴流压气机转子性能及间隙流动研究

以一轴流压气机孤立转子实验台为研究对象，对其内部流动进行了全三维的数值模拟。数值计算结果与实验测量结果对比分析表明，程序很好地预测出了孤立转子的总性能和基元性能。以此为基础进一步数值研究了间隙大小的变化对该实验台间隙流动的影响。结果表明，间隙的大小对动叶顶部区域的流动特性，包括间隙流动的发展形式、泄漏涡的强度、间隙流动造成的损失分布等，产生了很大的影响。     

压气机动叶CLOCKING效应对叶片气动负荷的影响

为研究某型燃气轮机中间三级轴流压气机第二级动叶片的CLOCKING效应及其对静叶片气动负荷的影响,采用基于谐函数(harmonic)的非定常计算方法对三级压气机进行数值模拟,分析流场尾迹输运以及叶片非定常气动负荷.计算结果表明,动叶片处于不同CLOCKING位置时,非定常流场具有截然不同的熵输运特点,因而在不同的气流激振力作用下各列叶片气动负荷差别较大.在CLK2位置上,静叶片气动力始终为正值,且波动幅值明显比其它位置小,气动力方向角波动范围最小,且气动力矩波动幅值和方向改变次数最少,具有最稳定的气动负荷.     

风扇级负荷对其进口总压畸变响应特性影响研究

基于不同转子级负荷下的风扇压气机叶排实验特性,应用畸变传递的矩阵分析模型,对不同级负荷下的风扇压气机转子叶排、静子叶排的容进口总压畸变特性进行了详细分析,初步建立了级负荷对总压畸变及其沿轴流压气机叶排衰减特性影响规律。计算结果表明,提高转子级负荷在设计工况附近能有效提高转子叶排容总压畸变能力,但在接近失速工况下其容总压畸变能力明显降低;不同转子负荷下其后静子叶排容畸变特性存在明显差异,这对合理选择风扇压气机设计级负荷尤为重要。     

跨音速欧拉方程的隐式时间推进法

本文提出了求解跨音速欧拉方程的一种隐式时间推进法。由于是在计算平面上用逆变速度分量为未知变量的欧拉方程作为控制方程进行求解,从而简化了固壁边界的处理。作为数值算例,文中对伴有激波的收放喷管跨音速流动进行了计算。     

亚声速压气机转子失速先兆诱发机制的非定常机理分析

针对某亚声速轴流压气机转子,采用多通道全三维数值模拟方法对其预失速性能(即失速起始过程)进行了时间精确的数值模拟.对计算结果进行分析表明,环面高压斑的传播速度及其影响范围与已有的试验测量结果取得了很好的一致性,因此数值模拟合理地揭示出了突尖波产生的流体动力学机制.叶尖分离涡的形成及其在不同通道的传播是流动失稳过程中叶尖...