橡胶硬度的本质探讨

硬度是材料抵抗弹性变形、塑性变形、划痕或破裂等一种或多种作用同时发生的能力。本文以橡胶国际硬度为例,探讨橡胶硬度的本质。一、橡胶硬度和压入硬度硬度测试由于具有操作简便、成本低和非破坏性等特点,广泛应用于质量监控场合,是橡胶制品的重要指标;硬度还可方便地鉴定一系列硫化橡胶产品的     

橡胶硬度标准块及其温度特性

本文介绍橡胶硬度标准块的研制，实验分析了标准块的温度特性，得出不同温度下的硬度值修正系数。     

硫化橡胶硬度检测结果不确定度分析

本文分析了A型邵氏硬度计法检测硫化橡胶硬度测量结果不确定度来源,给出了比较详尽的分析结果。     

橡胶压入硬度试验方法（邵尔硬度）新国标的理解与应用

一、引言广东省计量科学研究院负责修订的国家标准GB/T531.1-2008《硫化橡胶或热塑性橡胶压入硬度试验方法第1部分：邵氏硬度计法（邵尔硬度）》（以下简称“本部分”）,已由国家质检总局和国家标准委于2008年6月4日发布．并自2008年12月1日起正式实施。     

基片与膜厚对硬质薄膜力学性能的影响

采用毫牛力学探针技术的两步压入试验法研究了高速钢和不锈钢基片上不同厚度TiN薄膜的硬度和弹性模量。结果表明：采用同样工艺制备的TiN薄膜，其力学性能随基片类型和膜厚的不同有明显变化。薄膜的硬度和弹性模量随膜厚的增加而提高；基体硬度的提高也使薄膜呈现较高的硬度和模量。分析认为薄膜内应力状态的改变是产生这些现象的主要原因。     

载荷和橡胶硬度对凹版印刷系统印刷力轴向分布的影响分析

在有限元分析软件ABAQUS环境下,通过对凹版印刷系统的静态接触分析,得出了印刷力沿着辊筒轴向的分布情况,并进一步对比分析了不同种组合工况下印刷力的分布情况,得出了同一辊筒结构中外载荷大小和橡胶硬度对印刷力分布的影响规律。研究结果表明,外载荷越小,橡胶硬度越低,印刷力沿着轴向的分布就越均匀。     

显微硬度法与纳米压入法测量微米级硬质薄膜硬度的比较

测定了离子束辅助沉积TiN,CrN薄膜的纳米压入硬度（Hnano值）、维氏显微硬度（Hv值）和努氏显微硬度（HK值）。结果发现,HK值比Hv值更接近于Hnano值,相对较为准确。膜的厚度（t）越薄,三种方法测得硬度值差别越大;膜的厚度越厚,差别越小。随着膜的厚度增加,Hk值和Hv值逐渐接近Hnano值。t≈5．0μm时,Hv≈HK≈Hnano对于硬膜软基体模型,如果膜厚〉5．0μm,可以采用显微硬度计较为准确地测量薄膜硬度;膜厚〈5．0μm时,应避免使用显微硬度法而采用纳米压入法。     

浅析指针式A型邵氏硬度计硬度测定值影响因素和解决对策

本文主要从邵氏硬度计结构、测量原理、试验条件等方面,对影响指针式A型邵氏硬度计硬度测定值的因素进行分析并提出相应的解决对策,以提高检测结果的可靠性。     

Identification of constitutive model for rubber elasticity from micro-indentation tests on natural rubber and validation by macroscopic tests

Micro-hardness testing is widely used to measure the materials local response and is very valuable to describe gradients of physical properties. For polymers, the most common use is to measure a scalar value (hardness or modulus), which gives access to useful qualitative information but can clearly not be used to identify local constitutive models, strongly needed to achieve the numerical simulation of heterogeneous massive parts. In this study, load/displacement curves obtained at a micro-scale are used to identify the parameters of an Edwards-Vilgis hyperelastic model. The protocol proposed is coupling FE simulations achieved with Abaqus and optimization procedures using the dedicated software Boss Quattro. In order to limit the microstructure and viscous effects, the material studied is an unfilled natural rubber which exhibits a behavior very close to perfect hyperelasticity. Several numerical parameters (indent geometry, friction, thickness, …) as well as experimental protocols were tested in order to check the protocol reliability. The identified parameters are used to simulate macroscopic tests (tensile, compression and pure shear tests). The agreement with experimental data is very good, which is rarely found in the literature and which validates several numerical assumptions.     

Models of the methods and instruments for the nondestructive testing of the hardness of articles

Models of the methods of nondestructive testing of the physical-mechanical properties of the materials of articles, for which integrated methods have limited application, are considered. The parameters of the amplitude-frequency characteristics obtained in instruments for the nondestructive testing of the hardness of articles are established on the basis of an analysis of the system of vibration-contact methods. __________ Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 27–30, January, 2006.     

Comments on the paper “Modification of composite hardness models to incorporate indentation size effects in thin films”, D. Beegan, S. Chowdhury and M.T. Laugier, Thin Solid Films 516 (2008), 3813-3817

Since the original work of Bückle concerning the substrate influence on the hardness measurement of thin film, more than 20 models were proposed to separate the contribution of the substrate. Subsequently to the development of these numerous models, a question arises: Which is the most relevant models among them? Indeed, the authors usually consider that their proposed model leads to the best prediction of the film hardness which is probably correct for a given experimental condition applied to a particular material. In addition, the authors also assume that the other models are not so relevant. But to have a sound discussion about the existing models, it is necessary to correctly apply them according to the author statement. In this paper, we better specified the application of the Jönsson and Hogmark model and that of Chicot and Lesage applied to the results obtained on copper films by Beegan et al. Contrarily to these authors, we show that the above-mentioned models lead to a good representation of the experimental data and a good predicted value of the film hardness.     

T91与G102异种钢焊接接头运行前后硬度试验分析

对新焊的及运行了78000h的T91与G102（12Cr2MowVTiB）异种钢焊接接头进行了硬度试验分析。结果表明,T91／G102异种钢焊接接头（低匹配）运行前后硬度分布趋势基本一致;经长时运行后,T91管子母材区域显微硬度变化很小,而G102管子母材区显微硬度明显降低;长时运行后,T19侧的热影响区以及焊缝区的显微硬度均明显降低;长时运行后,G102热影响区出现了显微硬度的反常升高现象,具体原因还需要进行进一步研究分析。     

我国空调热泵相关产品市场发展状况简析

根据对我国空调热泵相关产品的市场统计,简要介绍了近年来水地源热泵、空气源热泵、吸收式热泵、燃气热泵以及热泵热水机5类空调热泵产品的市场发展情况及变化趋势,对部分产品在市场应用中凸显出的问题进行了分析,并指出国家相关政策的实施将给空调热泵市场带来广阔的发展空间。